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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Showing 11 to 18 of 18 (0.011 seconds)| 11 |
Sinchroninio mikrovariklio tyrimas / Research of synchronous micromotorKlimas, Janas 10 June 2004 (has links)
The object of the final work is the magnetic field of the synchronous salient-pole reluctance micro motor and distribution of it in the air gap. The analysis of the magnetic field distribution have been made with three rotor variants: an isosceles rotor, a rotor with an arched slot of, a rotor with a rectangular slot, using a specialized field counting program - “QuickField” 4.2 Beta 1 student version. In the study, the influence of the rotor slot and the constructional air spacing to the distribution of the magnetic flux density in the air gap when the angular position of the rotor alternates from 0 to 900, every 300 was analysed. The distribution and the alternation of the magnetic permeability in the mid-cross section of the rotor vertical to its longitudinal axis was looked at. The results of this analysis could be useful for determination of the rotor magnetic reluctance according to the longitudinal and transversal axis.
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Ensaio não destrutivo baseado em medidas de campo magnético para acompanhamento da formação da fase sigma em um aço inoxidável duplexFialho, Walter Macêdo Lins 18 June 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-06-18 / Duplex stainless steels (AID) are characterized for having good mechanical strength and corrosion. However, when subjected to manufacturing processes requiring the material thermal cycles with temperatures above 600 ° C, occurs emergence of fragile phases that compromise his toughness and corrosion resistance. Among these phases there is the presence of σ phase, rich in chromium and high hardness. In this paper we sought to develop a monitoring technique of the formation of σ phase. This technique is based on the study of the interaction between microstructure of the duplex stainless steel and the magnetic field applied to the material. Specimen with different amounts of σ phase were obtained by aging at temperatures of 800 °C and 900 °C. Aged AID was characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron, hardness tests, impact tests and X-ray diffraction. The volumetric percentage of this phase was estimated by X-ray diffraction and processing of optical microscopy images. The magnetic field measurements were performed with a Hall effect sensor. The results show that the rise of the phase reduced the σ value of the magnetic permeability of the material, indicating that the magnetic properties and permeability measurements, as well as the resultant magnetic field, can be used for monitoring formation of this phase. The study proves to be developed effective technique for monitoring the duplex stainless steel embrittlement. / Os aços inoxidáveis duplex (AID) se caracterizam por apresentarem boa resistência mecânica e à corrosão. Contudo, quando submetidos a processos de fabricação que impõe ao material ciclos térmicos com temperaturas acima de 600 oC, ocorre surgimento de fases fragilizantes que comprometem a sua tenacidade e resistência à corrosão. Entre essas fases destaca-se a presença da fase σ, rica em cromo e de elevada dureza. Neste trabalho buscou-se desenvolver uma técnica de acompanhamento da formação da fase σ. Essa técnica se baseou no estudo da interação entre microestrutura do aço inoxidável duplex e ao campo magnético aplicado ao material. Amostras com diferentes quantidades de fase σ foram obtidas pelo envelhecimento nas temperaturas de 800ºC e 900ºC. O AID envelhecido foi caracterizado por microscopia ótica e eletrônica de varredura, ensaios de dureza, testes de impacto e difração de raios X. O percentual volumétrico dessa fase foi estimado por difração de raios X e processamento de imagens de microscopia óptica. As medidas de campo magnético foram realizadas com um sensor de efeito Hall. Os resultados mostram que o surgimento da fase σ reduziu o valor da permeabilidade magnética do material, indicando que as propriedades magnéticas e que medidas de permeabilidade, bem como do campo magnético resultante, podem ser utilizadas para acompanhamento de formação dessa fase. O estudo comprova ser a técnica desenvolvida eficaz para monitoramento da fragilização de aço inox duplex.
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Développement de capteurs flexibles à courants de Foucault : applications à la caractérisation des propriétés électromagnétiques des matériaux et à la détection de défauts par imagerie statique / Development of flexible eddy current probes : applications to the characterization of the electromagnetic properties of materials and the detection of flaws by static imagingDelabre, Benjamin 01 December 2016 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse porte sur le développement et l’optimisation de capteurs dans le cadre du contrôle non destructif (CND) par courants de Foucault (CF). Le manuscrit présente plusieurs réalisations de capteurs CF souples gravés sur film Kapton. Un premier volet décrit l’évaluation des paramètres électromagnétiques (conductivité électrique σ et perméabilité magnétique µ) des matériaux typiquement rencontrés en CND par CF. Des méthodes conventionnelles pour estimer σ et µ ont été investiguées et mises en œuvre : il s’agit de la méthode à quatre pointes et du perméamètre. Néanmoins, ces méthodes présentent des difficultés pratiques au regard de l’état de surface (peinture, corrosion,…) et de la géométrie de l’échantillon. Deux capteurs ont donc été conçus : le premier composé d’une bobine d’émission et d’une bobine de réception afin d’évaluer la conductivité des matériaux purement conducteurs, puis le second composé d’un bobinage émetteur et d’une GMR pour évaluer la perméabilité magnétique. La conception des motifs et des résultats expérimentaux sont présentés dans le manuscrit. Le second volet décrit le développement d’un imageur CF flexible statique. L’imageur est un capteur multiélément composé de 576 récepteurs disposés en matrice permettant d’inspecter la surface d’une pièce sans déplacement du capteur par rapport à cette dernière. Le contrôle par l’imageur statique permet d’obtenir une image pixélisée de la surface sous le capteur. L’imageur a été optimisé de manière à détecter un défaut surfacique d’au moins 1 mm de long et d’orientation donnée quel que soit son emplacement vis-à-vis des bobines réceptrices. La conception du capteur et son évaluation expérimentale sont donnés dans le manuscrit. / The work of this thesis focuses on the development and the optimization of probes for non-destructive testing (NDT) by Eddy Currents (EC). The manuscript presents several achievements of flexible EC probes engraved on Kapton film. The first part describes the evaluation of the electromagnetic parameters (electrical conductivity σ and magnetic permeability µ) of materials typically encountered in NDT by EC. Conventional methods to estimate σ and μ have been investigated and implemented: it is the four-point probe and the permeameter. However, these methods present practical difficulties relating to the surface condition (paint, corrosion,…) and the sample geometry. Two probes have therefore been designed: the first is composed of a transmitting and a receiving coil in order to evaluate the conductivity of purely conductive materials, and the second is composed of a transmitter coil and a GMR for evaluate the magnetic permeability. Design patterns and experimental results are presented in the manuscript. The second part describes the development of a flexible static EC imager. The imager is a multielement probe composed of 576 receivers arranged in a matrix allowing to inspect the surface of a structure under test without moving the probe relative to the sample surface. The inspection by the static imager provides a pixelated image of the surface under the probe. The imager has been optimized to detect a surface defect of at least 1 mm long of given orientation regardless of its location relative to the receiver coils. The design of the probe and its experimental evaluation are given in the manuscript.
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Magnetic Antennas for Ground Penetrating RadarBellett, Patrick Thomas Unknown Date (has links)
The concept for a novel new antenna design is presented and investigated for application to ground penetrating radar (GPR). The proposed new antenna design is called the shielded magnetic bowtie antenna (MBA). As the name suggests, it is predominately constructed from a bowtie-shaped volume of magnetic material that is fed from the centre of the structure by a small magnetic loop antenna. This thesis develops the magnetic antenna concept and investigates its potential for GPR predominately through numerical modelling. However, a significant part of the investigation concentrates on validating the numerical modelling technique developed to study the shielded MBA by comparing the results with measurements obtained from a scale model constructed to operate in the watertank antenna test facility, a controlled environment for GPR antenna research. The broadband properties required for GPR antennas are achieved uniquely with the shielded MBA design by a combination of the antenna shape being defined in terms of angles and an inherent magnetic loss mechanism within the antenna material structure. The design also affords an intrinsically placed antenna shield that has the potential for mitigating problems typically experienced with shielding electric dipole antennas. Antenna shielding is an important consideration for GPR antenna designers, especially given the recent US government (FCC) changes that restrict radiated energy emissions within the regulated spectrum used by GPR systems. In addition to providing the intended directional radiation properties, the magnetic antenna shield also provides an elegant solution for a low-loss wideband balun, allowing the antenna to be effectively fed from an unbalanced coaxial transmission line. Other important aspects of the proposed design are discussed in relation to the requirements for GPR antennas. Numerical models of the magnetic antenna concept show encouraging bandwidth results. For example, from a simple comparison with an equivalent sized electric bowtie antenna model, the effective gain bandwidth of the magnetic antenna is found to be at least 3-octaves compared to approximately 2-octaves for the electric bowtie. The shielded magnetic antenna achieves a gain of approximately 2 dB, compared to 5 dB for the unshielded electric bowtie antenna. However, it is noted that the magnetic antenna models contain significantly more loss compared to the electric bowtie model. The shielded MBA design emerged from a theoretical investigation of electrically small GPR antennas, given that the initial thesis objective was to investigate ways of improving low frequency GPR antennas. In general, GPR systems are operated with electric dipole antennas, such as the electric bowtie. Interestingly, the electrically small antenna investigation revealed that only the small magnetic loop (i.e., magnetic dipole) antenna can be constructed to approach, arbitrarily closely, the fundamental bandwidth limit for small antennas. This surprising and counter intuitive result is shown to be theoretically achievable with the use of magnetic materials. For the small loop antenna, energy stored within the antenna structure can be avoided by filling the antenna sphere with a perfect magnetic material. This theoretical argument is discussed and supported by numerically modelled results. The electrically small antenna investigation presented in this thesis extends to include the influence that proximity to a lossy dielectric half-space has, on improving the antenna impedance bandwidth. This investigation is of general interest for GPR; it is performed numerically and supported by measurements conducted on an experimental loop antenna situated at various heights above the ground. These results provide support for the hypothesis that a magnetic antenna may experience less influence from near-field changes in the dielectric properties of the ground compared to the equivalent sized electric field antenna.
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Состояние поверхности и магнитные свойства аморфного сплава на основе кобальта : магистерская диссертация / Surface condition and magnetic properties of an amorphous Co-based alloyНекрасов, Е. С., Nekrasov, E. S. January 2022 (has links)
В работе представлены результаты исследования влияния состояния поверхности ленты на распределение намагниченности и магнитную проницаемость аморфного магнитомягкого сплава Co–Ni–Fe–Cr–Mn–Si–B, а также неоднородности магнитных характеристик в исходном (закаленном) состоянии, Такие исследования имеют важное значение для оптимизации магнитных характеристик и способствуют повышению качества изделий из этого сплава. Состояние поверхности ленты изменяли при помощи термообработок на воздухе в интервале температур 90–380 оС, обработкой водой и ацетоном, формированием полимерного покрытия.
Исследования показали, что ленты аморфного сплава Co–Ni–Fe–Cr–Mn–Si–B в закаленном состоянии обладают существенной неоднородностью магнитных характеристик, которая носит закономерный характер и может быть связана с технологией изготовления ленты. Обработка водой приводит к окислению и гидрированию поверхности ленты и ее влияние зависит от знака константы магнитострикции (λs). В состоянии с λs<0 способствует увеличению объема доменов с ортогональной намагниченностью и остроты магнитной текстуры в плоскости ленты, определяемой отношением объемов доменов с планарной намагниченностью, ориентированной вдоль и поперек оси ленты. В состоянии с λs>0 вызывает уменьшение объема доменов с ортогональной намагниченностью и остроты магнитной текстуры. Обработка ацетоном вследствие его окисления и гидрирования содержащимися в поверхности ионами водорода и кислорода оказывает влияние на распределение намагниченности в ленте противоположное воздействию воды, которое также зависит от знака константы магнитострикции. Увеличение длительности обработки ацетоном приводит к усилению ее влияния на изменение объема доменов с ортогональной намагниченностью и ослаблению влияния на перераспределение намагниченности в плоскости ленты.
Низкотемпературный отжиг в интервале температур 90 –130оС не способствует изменению максимальной магнитной проницаемости, объема доменов с ортогональной намагниченностью и знака λs, но способствует перераспределению намагниченности в плоскости ленты в результате в результате взаимодействия с атмосферным паром. Наблюдаемое сильное уменьшение максимальной магнитной проницаемости при температурах выше 180 оС связано с ростом объема доменов с ортогональной намагниченностью и снижением остроты магнитной текстуры в плоскости ленты. При 250оС обнаружено формирование поперечной магнитной анизотропии.
Полимерное покрытие, формируемое на ленте в закаленном состоянии при 90 –130оС, способствует повышению максимальной магнитной проницаемости и уменьшению объема доменов с ортогональной намагниченностью во всем интервале температур. Полученные результаты находят объяснение в рамках влияния анизотропных напряжений, индуцируемых в ленте в результате взаимодействия ее поверхности с химически активными средами, магнитоактивным полимерным покрытием и анизотропной поверхностной кристаллизацией. / The paper presents the results of the influence of the ribbon surface state on the magnetization distribution and magnetic permeability of amorphous magnetically soft Co-Ni-Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-B alloy, as well as heterogeneity of magnetic characteristics in the initial (as-quenched) state. The state of the ribbon surface was changed by heat treatment in the air in the temperature range 90-380oC, treatment with water and acetone, formation of a polymer coating. The studies showed that the Co-Ni-Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-B amorphous alloy ribbons in the as-quenched state have a significant heterogeneity of magnetic characteristics, which has a natural character and can be associated with the tape manufacturing technology. The water treatment leads to oxidation and hydrogenation of the strip surface and its influence depends on the sign of the magnetostriction constant (λs). In the state with λs<0 the volume of domains with orthogonal magnetization and the sharpness of the magnetic texture in the tape plane, determined by the ratio of the volumes of domains with planar magnetization oriented along and across the tape axis, are increased. In the condition with λs>0 the volume of domains with orthogonal magnetization and the sharpness of the magnetic texture decrease. Treatment with acetone due to its oxidation and hydrogenation by hydrogen and oxygen ions contained in the surface affects the magnetization distribution in the tape opposite to that of water, which also depends on the sign of the magnetostriction constant. Increasing the duration of treatment with acetone leads to increasing its effect on the change in the volume of domains with orthogonal magnetization and to a weaker effect on the redistribution of magnetization in the tape plane.
Low-temperature annealing in the temperature range 90 - 130oC does not contribute to changes in the maximum magnetic permeability, the volume of domains with orthogonal magnetization and the sign of λs but contributes to the redistribution of magnetization in the tape plane because of interaction with atmospheric vapor. The observed strong decrease in the maximum magnetic permeability at temperatures above 180oC is associated with an increase in the volume of domains with orthogonal magnetization and a decrease in the sharpness of the magnetic texture in the tape plane. The formation of transverse magnetic anisotropy was detected at 250oC. The polymer coating formed on the tape in the quenched state at 90 - 130oC increases the maximum magnetic permeability and reduces the volume of domains with orthogonal magnetization throughout the temperature range.
The obtained results find an explanation in the influence of anisotropic stresses induced in the tape because of interaction of its surface with chemically active media, magnetically active polymer coating and anisotropic surface crystallization.
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Investigation of Negative Refractive Index in Isotropic Chiral Metamaterials Under First and Second-Order Material Dispersion With and Without Conductive LossAlgadey, Tarig 17 May 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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Methodenentwicklung zur Simulation von Strömungen mit freier Oberfläche unter dem Einfluss elektromagnetischer WechselfelderBeckstein, Pascal 16 February 2018 (has links) (PDF)
Im Bereich der industriellen Metallurgie und Kristallzüchtung treten bei zahlreichen Anwendungen, wo magnetische Wechselfelder zur induktiven Beeinflussung von leitfähigen Werkstoffen eingesetzt werden, auch Strömungen mit freier Oberfläche auf. Das Anwendungsspektrum reicht dabei vom einfachen Aufschmelzen eines Metalls in einem offenen Tiegel bis hin zur vollständigen Levitation. Auch der sogenannte RGS-Prozess, ein substratbasiertes Kristallisationsverfahren zur Herstellung siliziumbasierter Dünnschichtmaterialien, ist dafür ein Beispiel. Um bei solchen Prozessen die Interaktion von Magnetfeld und Strömung zu untersuchen, ist die numerische Simulationen ein wertvolles Hilfsmittel. Für beliebige dreidimensionale Probleme werden entsprechende Berechnungen bisher durch eine externe Kopplung kommerzieller Programme realisiert, die für Magnetfeld und Strömung jeweils unterschiedliche numerische Techniken nutzen. Diese Vorgehensweise ist jedoch im Allgemeinen mit unnötigem Rechenaufwand verbunden. In dieser Arbeit wird ein neu entwickelter Methodenapparat auf Basis der FVM vorgestellt, mit welchem sich diese Art von Berechnungen effizient durchführen lassen. Mit der Implementierung dieser Methoden in foam-extend, einer erweiterten Version der quelloffenen Software OpenFOAM, ist daraus ein leistungsfähiges Werkzeug in Form einer freien Simulationsplattform entstanden, welches sich durch einen modularen Aufbau leicht erweitern lässt. Mit dieser Plattform wurden in foam-extend auch erstmalig dreidimensionale Induktionsprozesse im Frequenzraum gelöst.
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Methodenentwicklung zur Simulation von Strömungen mit freier Oberfläche unter dem Einfluss elektromagnetischer WechselfelderBeckstein, Pascal 08 January 2018 (has links)
Im Bereich der industriellen Metallurgie und Kristallzüchtung treten bei zahlreichen Anwendungen, wo magnetische Wechselfelder zur induktiven Beeinflussung von leitfähigen Werkstoffen eingesetzt werden, auch Strömungen mit freier Oberfläche auf. Das Anwendungsspektrum reicht dabei vom einfachen Aufschmelzen eines Metalls in einem offenen Tiegel bis hin zur vollständigen Levitation. Auch der sogenannte RGS-Prozess, ein substratbasiertes Kristallisationsverfahren zur Herstellung siliziumbasierter Dünnschichtmaterialien, ist dafür ein Beispiel. Um bei solchen Prozessen die Interaktion von Magnetfeld und Strömung zu untersuchen, ist die numerische Simulationen ein wertvolles Hilfsmittel. Für beliebige dreidimensionale Probleme werden entsprechende Berechnungen bisher durch eine externe Kopplung kommerzieller Programme realisiert, die für Magnetfeld und Strömung jeweils unterschiedliche numerische Techniken nutzen. Diese Vorgehensweise ist jedoch im Allgemeinen mit unnötigem Rechenaufwand verbunden. In dieser Arbeit wird ein neu entwickelter Methodenapparat auf Basis der FVM vorgestellt, mit welchem sich diese Art von Berechnungen effizient durchführen lassen. Mit der Implementierung dieser Methoden in foam-extend, einer erweiterten Version der quelloffenen Software OpenFOAM, ist daraus ein leistungsfähiges Werkzeug in Form einer freien Simulationsplattform entstanden, welches sich durch einen modularen Aufbau leicht erweitern lässt. Mit dieser Plattform wurden in foam-extend auch erstmalig dreidimensionale Induktionsprozesse im Frequenzraum gelöst.
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