This study aimed to characterize pineapple, passion fruit and mango byproducts and select the material with the greatest potential as food ingredient to be applied in two food products: beef burger and corn extruded product. Fiber was the major component present in pineapple and passion fruit byproducts (>50%), and, due to this, they showed considerable water holding capacity. The fruit byproducts had considerable phenolic content and antioxidant activity, especially the mango byproduct. The results of the microbial counts and the content of pesticides residues of the byproducts were within the limits established by the Brazilian law and were safe for food application. Due to the high fiber amount and the functional properties presented, the byproducts were explored considering this potential. Thus, the sample with the best results was selected and evaluated as partial fat replacer in beef burger and as source of fiber in a corn extruded product. The first step of the beef burger application evaluated each byproduct in four concentrations (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5%), along with canola oil, as partial fat replacers. All byproducts improved the cooking properties of the burgers, especially the pineapple. Sensory analysis showed that color, odor and overall acceptance were not affected by the treatments. Based on the results, pineapple byproduct, at the concentration of 1.5%, was selected for further studies. Pineapple byproduct (1.5%) and canola oil (5%) were evaluated as partial animal fat replacers in low-fat beef burger. Five treatments were performed: conventional (20% fat) and four formulations with 10% of fat: control, with pineapple byproduct, with canola oil, and with pineapple byproduct and canola oil. Pineapple byproduct incorporation improved the cooking properties and the texture (shear force) and canola oil addition improved the lipid profile, without reducing the shelf life of the burgers. The quantitative descriptive analysis indicated that the use of the two fat replacers together can be an alternative choice to minimize the sensory alterations of the fat reduction. As the final step of this study, the potential application of pineapple byproduct in a corn extruded product for fiber enhancement was evaluated. During extrusion, byproduct (0, 10.5, and 21%), moisture (14, 15, and 16%) and temperature (140 and 160 °C) were evaluated. Pineapple byproduct addition decreased expansion and luminosity, while increasing redness of the extrudates compared to the control (0% byproduct/14% moisture/140 °C). When hardness, yellowness, water absorption, and bulk density were compared to the control, there was no effect of 10.5% addition on the extrudates, indicating that, at this level, pineapple byproduct could be added without promoting significant alterations in the properties of the final extruded product. The results of this study highlight the potential of pineapple byproduct in the development of new products, bringing the opportunity to convert them into value-added food ingredients. / Este estudo objetivou caracterizar subprodutos de abacaxi, maracujá e manga e selecionar aquele com maior potencial como ingrediente alimentício para ser aplicado em dois produtos: hambúrguer bovino e extrusado de milho. A fibra foi o maior componente presente nos subprodutos de abacaxi e maracujá (>50%) e, devido a isto, eles mostraram considerável capacidade de retenção de água. Os subprodutos de frutas apresentaram teor de compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante considerável, especialmente o de manga. Os resultados das contagens microbianas e dos teores de resíduos de agrotóxicos dos subprodutos apresentaram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira, estando seguros para aplicação em alimentos. Devido ao alto teor de fibra e às propriedades funcionais apresentadas, os subprodutos foram explorados considerando-se este potencial. Dessa forma, a amostra com melhores resultados foi selecionada e avaliada como substituto parcial de gordura em hambúrguer bovino e como fonte de fibras em extrusado de milho. A primeira etapa da aplicação em hambúrguer bovino avaliou cada subproduto em quatro concentrações (1,0, 1,5, 2,0 e 2,5%), juntamente com o óleo de canola, como substitutos parciais de gordura. Todos os subprodutos melhoraram as propriedades de cozimento dos hambúrgueres, especialmente o de abacaxi. A análise sensorial mostrou que cor, odor e aceitação global não foram afetados pelos tratamentos. Através dos resultados, o subproduto de abacaxi, na concentração de 1,5%, foi selecionado para estudos complementares. Subproduto de abacaxi (1,5%) e óleo de canola (5%) foram avaliados como substitutos parciais de gordura animal em hambúrguer bovino com teor reduzido de gordura. Cinco tratamentos foram realizados: convencional (20% gordura) e quatro formulações com 10% de gordura: controle, com subproduto de abacaxi, com óleo de canola, e com subproduto de abacaxi e óleo de canola. A incorporação do subproduto de abacaxi melhorou as propriedades de cozimento e a textura (força de cisalhamento) e a adição do óleo de canola melhorou o perfil lipídico, sem reduzir a vida útil dos hambúrgueres. A análise descritiva quantitativa indicou que o uso dos dois substitutos de gordura em conjunto pode ser uma alternativa adequada para minimizar alterações sensoriais da redução da gordura. Como fase final deste estudo, o potencial da aplicação de subproduto de abacaxi em extrusado de milho visando o aumento do teor de fibras foi avaliado. Durante a extrusão, subproduto (0, 10,5, 21%), umidade (14, 15, e 16%) e temperatura (140 e 160 °C) foram avaliados. A adição do subproduto de abacaxi diminuiu a expansão e a luminosidade, enquanto que aumentou a intensidade de cor vermelha dos extrusados comparados com o controle (0% subproduto/14% umidade/140 °C). Quando a dureza, intensidade de cor amarela, absorção de água e densidade foram comparadas com o controle, não houve efeito da adição de 10,5% sobre os extrusados, indicando que, neste nível, o subproduto de abacaxi pode ser adicionado, sem promover alterações significativas sobre as propriedades do produto final. Os resultados deste estudo destacam o potencial do subproduto de abacaxi no desenvolvimento de novos produtos, trazendo a oportunidade de convertê-los em ingredientes alimentícios com valor agregado.

My thesis proposes a theory of relational identity development in Chicana literature. Gloria Anzaldua's Borderlands/La Frontera offers an interpretation of Chicana identity that is largely based on historical models and mythology, which many scholars have found useful in interpreting Chicana literature. However, I contend that another text, Sandra Cisneros's The House on Mango Street, not only illustrates the need for an alternative paradigm for considering identity development, but in fact offers such an alternative. I argue that Cisneros shows a model for relational identity development, wherein the individual develops in the context of her community and is not determined solely by elements of myth or genealogy. In questioning the historical paradigm of identity development, I examine three key aspects associated with Chicana identity development: gender, home, and language. Employing the theories of Édouard Glissant, I discuss how individual identity development is better understood in terms of relationships and experience rather than historical models. For Chicanas, the roles of women have largely been interpreted as predetermined, set by the mythic figures La Malinche and La Virgen de Guadalupe. However, Cisneros's work shows that this historical tradition is less fruitful in understanding identity than recognizing individuals' experience in context of their relationships. With this communal understanding established, I question the common associations of home and Chicana identity. I argue that Cisneros challenges our very concept of home as she engages and counters the notions of theorist Gaston Bachelard. The idea of a house is metaphorical, becoming a space of communal belonging rather than a physical structure to separate individuals. Finally, I consider how both spoken and written language contribute to relational identity development. I argue that Cisneros's use of language demonstrates that not only does language provide the means for development within a community, but also the means for creation within that society. The theoretical implications of such a relational identity construct are not only an expansion of what is entailed in Chicana identity, but an invitation for broadening the community of theoretical discussion surrounding Chicana literature.

Se ha analizado el efecto de los tratamientos osmóticos llevados a cabo en mango bajo diferentes condiciones (concentración de las disoluciones osmóticas, presión atmosférica o aplicación de pulso de vacío, adición o no de lactato de calcio y diferentes niveles de deshidratación de la fruta) en distintas propiedades relacionadas con la calidad de la fruta mínimamente procesada: perfil de volátiles, color, propiedades mecánicas y aceptación sensorial. Además, se ha estudiado la evolución durante el almacenamiento del mango mínimamente procesado (hasta 20 ºBrix) y refrigerado a 10 ºC, a través de la respiración, la calidad microbiológica, las propiedades físicas (color y mecánicas) y el perfil de volátiles. Los tratamientos osmóticos a tiempos cortos y con disoluciones diluidas potenciaron la formación de volátiles; por el contrario, tiempos largos de tratamiento y disoluciones de alta concentración/viscosidad ocasionaron una disminución de los mismos. La pérdida de turgencia celular (asociada a la pérdida de agua) durante los tratamientos y los cambios estructurales ocasionados, dieron lugar a una disminución de la firmeza de las muestras. Esta disminución se mitigó con la incorporación de calcio cuando se aplicó pulso de vacío en el tratamiento. Desde el punto de vista sensorial, los atributos de claridad, aroma y color juegan un papel importante en la aceptación del producto. Los tratamientos llevados a cabo sin calcio y a presión atmosférica fueron los preferidos por los jueces. La vida útil del mango mínimamente procesado (hasta 20 ºBrix) puede establecerse en diferentes términos dependiendo del parámetro de calidad considerado y el tipo de tratamiento aplicado. Desde el punto de vista microbiológico, las muestras más estables fueron las tratadas con calcio, tanto a presión atmosférica como con pulso de vacío. Los tratamientos osmóticos redujeron la tasa respiratoria en términos de O2 y CO2 del mango almacenado, especialmente cuando se incorporó calcio. Las cara / Torres Oquendo, JD. (2007). Optimización de las condiciones de operación de tratamientos osmóticos destinados al procesado mínimo de mango (mangifera indica l.) [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1935

This study undertakes to explore the extent to which students at the Elijah Mango College are involved in college decision making structures. The whole process of “carrying” of major subjects was selected to crystallise the extent of this involvement. The varying patterns of meanings attributed by the students to this phenomena were explored. By way of a theoretical contribution, the researcher synthesised features of interpretive and resistance theories in education to further explain this involvement. The empirical component which is attendant on the theoretical elaboration undertakes to explore and capture the patterns of meanings that the students used as a rationale for their reflexive resp^ ,ses to the college decision making structures. The epistemology underlying this investigation also enabled the researcher to gain a sensitivity towards the meanings formulated by the students. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology)

Total soluble solids (TSS) is a reliable indicator of melon eating quality, with a minimum standard of 10% recommended. The state of Australian melon production with respect to this quality criterion was considered within seasons, between growing districts and over seasons. It was concluded that improvement in agronomic practice and varietal selection is required to produce sweeter melons. The scientific literature addressing melon physiology and agronomy was summarised, as a background to the work that is required to improve melon production practices in Australia. The effect of source sink manipulation was assessed for commercially grown and glasshouse grown melon plants. The timing of fruit thinning, pollination scheduling, the application of a growth inhibitor and source biomass removal were assessed in relation to fruit growth and sugar accumulation. Results are interpreted against a model in which fruit rapidly increase in weight until about two weeks before harvest, with sugar accumulation continuing as fruit growth ceases. Thus treatment response is very dependant on timing of application. For example, fruit thinning at 25 days before harvest resulted in further fruit set and increased fruit weight but did not impact on fruit TSS (at 9.8%, control 9.3%), while thinning at 5 days before harvest resulted in a significant (Pless than 0.05) increase in fruit TSS (to 10.8%, control 9.3%) and no increase in fruit weight or number. A cost/ benefit analysis is presented, allowing an estimation of the increase in sale price required to sustain the implementation of fruit thinning. The effect of irrigation scheduling was also considered with respect to increasing melon yield and quality. To date, recommended practice has been to cause an irrigation deficit close to fruit harvest, with the intent of 'drying out' or 'stressing' the plant, to 'bring on' maturity and increase sugar accumulation. Irrigation trials showed that keeping plants stress-free close to harvest and during harvest, facilitated the production of sweeter fruit. The maintenance of a TSS grade standard using either batch based (destructive) sampling or (non-invasive) grading of individual fruit is discussed. On-line grading of individual fruit is possible using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), but the applicability of the technique to melons has received little published attention. Tissue sampling strategy was optimised, in relation to the optical geometry used (in commercial operation in Australia), both in terms of the diameter and depth of sampled tissue. NIR calibration model performance was superior when based on the TSS of outer, rather than inner mesocarp tissue. However the linear relationship between outer and middle tissue TSS was strong (r2 = 0.8) in immature fruit, though less related in maturing fruit (r2 = 0.5). The effect of fruit storage (maturation/senescence) on calibration model performance was assessed. There was a negligible effect of fruit cold storage on calibration performance. Currently, the agronomist lacks a cost-effective tool to rapidly assess fruit TSS in the field. Design parameters for such a tool were established, and several optical front ends compared for rapid, though invasive, analysis. Further, for visualisation of the spatial distribution of tissue TSS within a melon fruit, a two-dimensional, or hyper-spectral NIR imaging system based on a low cost 8-bit charge coupled device (CCD) camera and filter arrangement, was designed and characterised.

This study undertakes to explore the extent to which students at the Elijah Mango College are involved in college decision making structures. The whole process of “carrying” of major subjects was selected to crystallise the extent of this involvement. The varying patterns of meanings attributed by the students to this phenomena were explored. By way of a theoretical contribution, the researcher synthesised features of interpretive and resistance theories in education to further explain this involvement. The empirical component which is attendant on the theoretical elaboration undertakes to explore and capture the patterns of meanings that the students used as a rationale for their reflexive resp^ ,ses to the college decision making structures. The epistemology underlying this investigation also enabled the researcher to gain a sensitivity towards the meanings formulated by the students. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-01Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:47:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000813883.pdf: 964204 bytes, checksum: 98f0d33499c4b06ce70e2b99bc4bdb99 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / As teorias da memória que compõem o cenário atual sobre o tema da memória abrangem conceitos cujas linhas de pensamento se situam nos extremos: do idealismo platônico à sociologia baseada em quadros sociais. Na ponta sociológica, Maurice Halbwachs, por meio do que ele chama de “quadros sociais vivos do presente”, irá construir a sua teoria da memória coletiva. Relacionando essa memória aos conceitos de memória individual, memória histórica, espaço e tempo, o sociólogo desconstruirá ou reconstruirá alguns conceitos fundamentais da filosofia idealista vigente em sua época. A criação literária, reconhecida pioneira na análise dos fatos humanos, estabelecer-se-á como um campo fértil nos estudos da memória. Entendendo a importância e a relevância do estudo e a ampliação de todos os conceitos em torno dessa temática, este trabalho analisa a representação da memória nas literaturas moderna e contemporânea, partindo da ideia de que, em uma representação de memória construída pelo eu, seja essa representação fictícia ou ficcionalizada, sempre há a presença da sociedade por meio de quadros sociais. Como respaldo teórico, valemo-nos da teoria da memória coletiva e outros escritos relativos à memória que complementam o ponto-de-vista adotado. Para tanto, trabalhamos com as narrativas: Memórias de Lázaro (1952), do baiano Adonias Filho; The House on Mango Street (1984), da norte-americana de origem familiar e cultural mexicana, Sandra Cisneros; e No Fio da Vida: uma Odisséia Açor-Americana (Autobiografia) (2013), do açoriano e professor residente dos Estados Unidos, Francisco Cota Fagundes. Identificando e analisando os quadros de representação da memória dessas narrativas e articulando estes aos elementos da arte da ficção assinalados e trabalhados por Umberto Eco e por James Wood / The memory's theories that form the current scenario about the memory theme are composed by concepts in which areas of thinking are studied from the following extreme points: from platonic idealism to sociology based on social frameworks. Taking into account the sociology viewpoint, Maurice Halbwachs will be the basis of sociological studies due to his theory of collective memory through something that he named of 'social alive pictures from present'. Linking this kind of memory with concepts of individual memory, historical memory, space and time, the French sociologist is designated 'to destroy and rebuild' some fundamental concepts of current idealistic philosophy of his time. The literary creation (a kind of recognized pioneer in analyzing human facts) will be established itself as a good space of memory's study and the Marcel Proust's work will be one of the 'addresses' more visited by researchers of a variety of areas. Thus, considering the importance and the relevance of the study and the increase of all concepts around this subject, this project aims to analyze the representation of memory in modern and contemporary literature, defending the hypothesis that in a representation of memory built by an 'I', we will always find the presence of society through social frameworks. As theoretical base, this project will have the collective memory theory and other works related to the memory that will complement the point of view taken. In order to do this, we identified and analized the memory's representation framework of some narratives: Memórias de Lázaro (1952), written by Adonias Filho; The House on Mango Street (1984), written by Sandra Ciseros, an American but also Mexican descendent; and No Fio da Vida: uma Odisséia Açor - Americana (Autobiografia) (2013), written by Francisco Cota Fagundes, an Azorean and university professor who lives in USA. Identifying and analyzing the narratives’ frameworks representation memory and ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:32:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de Jose Aparecido LIma Dourado.pdf: 1724723 bytes, checksum: 1e57253763a099fe6826e5510bf00ac9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-14 / The present dissertation has as objective to understand the occurred transformations in the agriculture of Release of Ours Lady (BA) from the implantation of the Project of Irrigation of the Valley of the River Brumado, in the decade of 1980, and it s unfolding as for the capital relation versus work in the mangoculture. The choice of the clipping space-weather took in consideration the action of the Politics of Irrigation for the Northeast in the local space, when the State search s through the infrastructure availability to modernize the territory and thus to supply the adequate conditions so that the great capital can be territoriality. The territorilization of the great capital in Release of Ours Lady occurs through the agro business centered in the fruit farming irrigated based in the mango production. In this direction, the new space dynamic in the field how much in the city, decurrent of the functionality become in such a way evident that the city assumes as fruit farming producing polar region. The farming s directed toward the production of sorts of first necessity had started to occupy each time little space and, on the other hand, the mangoculture has verified a considerable growth, placing the city as an importer of basic products of the feeding as it is the case of the rice and the beans. The methodology used during the research was correct in the qualitative boarding. In the theoretical referential we argue the concepts of campesinato and work in the context of the implantation of the projects of irrigation in Brazilian Half-Barren, based in the studies on the simulation of the campesinato while product of the different and combined development of the capitalism. Problematic on who is the benefited ones with the actions of the Politics of north-eastern implemented Irrigation half-barren, in order to bring to a bob the contradictions and movements that permeate such actions, whose resulted they have camouflaged for the State to take care of to the demands of the financial capital. In this context we defend the importance to think the citizens that live in Brazilian Half-Barren from its singularity, having for this the necessity to search to appraise this citizen as caatingueiro peasant for recognizing that its way of life, in its different aspects (cultural, social and economic) differs significantly from the called citizens of sertanejos . With the insertion of the agrobusiness of the mango in the city one witnessed deep transformations in the relations of work in the field, as almost the extinguishing of not capitalist relations of production (partnership and would mearia ) to the step that had an intensification of the salaried. The exploration on urban peasants and workers has increased, being that the presence of the contractors cats has contributed for in such a way, finding these busy ones temporarily in activities in the farmings, sheds and packing houses, in its majority without having guaranteed the labor laws, has seen that they work as buoy-cold and day-workers without register in wallet and under precarious conditions of work. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo compreender as transformações espaciais ocorridas na agricultura de Livramento de Nossa Senhora (BA) a partir da implantação do Projeto de Irrigação do Vale do Rio Brumado, na década de 1980, e seus desdobramentos no que se refere à relação capital versus trabalho no agronegócio da manga. A escolha do recorte espaço-temporal levou em consideração as ações da Política de Irrigação para o Nordeste Semiárido, pela qual o Estado buscou, através da disponibilidade de infraestrutura, modernizar o território e, assim, fornecer as condições adequadas para o capital territorializar-se. A territorilização do capital em Livramento de Nossa Senhora ocorre através do agronegócio fruticultor exportador de manga. Nesse sentido, tornam-se evidentes as novas dinâmicas espaciais tanto no campo quanto na cidade, decorrentes da funcionalidade que o município assume como polo produtor frutícola. As lavouras voltadas para a produção de gêneros de primeira necessidade passaram a ocupar cada vez menos espaço e, em contrapartida, a mangicultura tem tido um crescimento considerável, situação que coloca o município como um importador de produtos básicos da alimentação, como arroz e feijão. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa esteve pautada na abordagem qualitativa, compreendendo diversos instrumentos de coleta de dados, tais como entrevistas, diário de campo, registro fotográfico e relatos orais. No referencial teórico, discuti-se os conceitos de campesinato e trabalho no contexto da implantação dos projetos de irrigação no Nordeste semi-árido, com base nos estudos sobre a recriação do campesinato enquanto produto do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado do capitalismo. Questionou-se quem são os beneficiados com as ações da Política de Irrigação implementada no Nordeste semi-árido, de modo a trazer à tona as contradições e movimentos que permeiam tais ações, cujos resultados têm sido camuflados pelo Estado para atender às demandas do capital financeiro. Nesse contexto, defende-se a importância de pensar os sujeitos que vivem na Caatinga a partir de suas singularidades, havendo, para isso, a necessidade de conceituar esse sujeito como camponês caatingueiro por reconhecer que o seu modo de vida, em seus diferentes aspectos (culturais, sociais e econômicos), difere significativamente dos sujeitos denominados de sertanejos . Com a inserção do agronegócio da manga no município, presenciou-se profundas transformações nas relações de trabalho no campo, como a quase extinção de relações não capitalistas de produção (parceria e meação), ao passo que houve uma intensificação do assalariamento. A exploração de camponeses e trabalhadores que mesmo morando na cidade voltam ao campo para trabalhar tem aumentado, sendo que a presença dos empreiteiros gatos tem contribuído, sobremodo, para que isso ocorra. Estes trabalhadores ocupam-se temporariamente em atividades nas lavouras, galpões e Packing houses, em sua maioria, sem ter garantidos os direitos trabalhistas, haja vista que trabalham como boias-frias e diaristas, sem registro em carteira e sob condições precárias de trabalho.