The attraction of the cybersecurity market is increasing with the fast market growth as well as the potential that comes with the digitalisation of todays society. A supplier of information security products that wants to expand, needs to be able to identify new customers and segments as well as understand the customers needs. The purpose of this study is hence to map how suppliers of information security strategically should think and act when expanding to new segments and customers.  A customers willingness to invest has been identified as the main factor to impact a supplier of cyber security. Another identified factor is how a value proposition is received, which means that the supplier needs to take strategic decisions regarding the choice of marketing strategy. This have resulted in a final analysis model that includes four factors stemming from specific market segments and three factors stemming from specific customers, which all impact both the willingness to invest and the choice of marketing strategy. Furthermore, the choice of marketing strategy is also impacted by the competitors value propositions as well as the available attributes connected to the supplier. The model has grown iteratively throughout the report by first building a theoretical framework, which included price sensitivity, laws and regulations, level of knowledge as well as litterature connected to the value proposition of competitors and attributes in a value proposition. This study has been conducted together with Basalt AB as a case company. Empirical data was collected by both meetings and interviews with supervisor Michael Buczek at Basalt, as well as interviews with 12 people from six different socially important segments. Therefore, the theoretical framework could be expanded with the empirical data to the final analysis model.  In conclusion the thesis builds a base for suppliers of information security, regaring how to think and act when planning a market expansion. The study contribute both to the case company Basalt with a value analysis of the market, where the company with the guidelines and frameworks have gotten a basis for the identification of customers and which marketings strategies to use. The studie also contribute to current research by presenting a value analysis and linkage between the cybersecurity market segment and fitting marketing strategies. The expectations of the study is also for it to be used as a basis for future research, that can further improve the frameworks by investigating more segments of vital societal functions. Furthermore, the study could be expanded to take other countries in account, in order to create a framework for international expansion. The implementation of the thesis value analysis could also be a base for the analysis of other market segments than cybersecurity. / Cybersäkerhetsmarknadens attraktivitet ökar i koppling till den snabba tillväxten tillsammans med potentialen som kommer med samhällets digitalisering. Som en leverantör av cybersäkerhet är det därför intressant att kunna identifiera nya kunder och branscher att expandera till, där det krävs en förståelse för kunderna. Syftet med rapporten är sålunda att planlägga hur leverantörer av informationssäkerhet strategiskt bör tänka och agera vid en expansion till nya branscher och kunder. Kundens investeringsvilja har identifierats som huvudsaklig faktor som påverkar en leverantör av cybersäkerhet. Därutöver hur ett värdeerbjudande tas emot, vilket innebär att leverantören behöver ta ett strategiskt beslut gällande sitt val av marknadsföring. Det har utmynnat i en slutgiltig analysmodell vilken innefattar fyra branschfaktorer och tre kundfaktorer, som båda påverkar både investeringsvillighet och val av marknadsföring. Därutöver påverkas även valet av marknadsföring av konkurrenternas värdeerbjudande samt vilka tillgängliga attribut/features som leverantören har.  Ramverket har iterativt byggts fram i rapporten genom att ett teoretiskt ramverk togs fram genom att undersöka priskänslighet, lagar och regleringar, kunskapsnivå/upplevd risk samt litteratur kopplad till konkurrenters värdeerbjudande och attribut i ett värdeerbjudande. Arbetet har genomförts tillsammans med Basalt AB som fallföretag. Empiriska data samlades in genom både möten och intervjuer med handledare Michael Buczek på Basalt, samt 12 personer från sex olika samhällsviktiga segment. Därmed kunde det teoretiska ramverket byggas ut med hjälp av empiri till det slutgiltiga ramverket.    Sammanfattningsvis ger studien en grund för hur leverantörer av informationssäkerhet kan tänka och agera vid en planerad marknadsexpansion. Studien bidrar både till att hjälpa fallföretaget Basalt AB med en värdeanalys av en del av marknaden, där bolaget med hjälp av framtagna riktlinjer och ramverk kan få en hjälp i att identifiera passande kunder och marknadsföringsstrategier. Studien bidrar även till befintlig forskning genom att tillhandahålla ett ramverk att använda vid planerad expansion, riktat till leverantörer av cybersäkerhet. Förhoppningen är att studien ska kunna ligga till grund för framtida forskning som kan bygga vidare på ramverken genom att undersöka resterande samhällsviktiga segment. Därutöver kan studien byggas ut till att innefatta fler länder än Norden och på det sättet skapa ett ramverk för internationell expansion. Studiens genomförande av värdeanalysen kan även ligga till grund för analys av andra marknadssegment än cybersäkerhetsmarknaden.

No description available.

I Markus 11:23-24 finns ett uttalande från Jesus: Sannerligen, om någon säger till berget här: Upp och kasta dig i havet! och inte tvivlar i sitt hjärta utan tror att det skall gå som han säger, då blir det så. Därför säger jag er: tro att ni skall få allt det ni ber om i er bön, då blir det så. Ska man tolka dessa ord bokstavligt, eller som ett löfte eller en utmaning? Om bönesvaret uteblir, vad gör det med människans tro respektive tvivel, med hennes tillit till Bibeln eller till Jesus? I denna uppsats studerar jag exempel på hur man genom tiderna tänkt kring tro, bön och bönesvar utifrån Mark 11:20-25. Jag har valt att studera bibelvetenskapliga, framgångsteologiska och pentekostala tolkningar av Mark 11:20-25.  Kortfattat kan man säga att bibelvetenskapen lyfter fram det historiska och det litterära perspektivet kring hur Markustexten lästes och tolkades då det skrevs. Det pentekostala perspektivet ser Markus 11:20-25 som en viktig bibeltext då den lyfter fram Guds allmakt, medan det framgångsteologiska perspektivet poängterar den böneundervisning och den s.k. ”trons formel” som de menar att Mark 11:20-25 lyfter fram. I uppsatsen studeras hur skillnader i de olika traditionernas bibelsyn påverkar tolkningen av vald bibeltext.

Compressors that are used in refrigerators and air conditioners usually have flapper vales made of martensitic stainless steel to control the flow of the refrigerant in the system. During service the flapper valves are affected by both bending and impact fatigue in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) range with billions of cycles until failure. Due to the VHCF, it is time consuming and expensive to test the performance of the flapper valves. One approach to improve the valve testing could be to combine traditional sample testing with the finite element method (FEM). In this paper, FEM was used to calculate the velocity and stress between a flapper valve and the seat during impact. Three different valve tongue shapes were investigated: a circular and two elliptically shaped tongues with a width to length ratio of 3:2 and 2:1. Furthermore, two different load cases were used to make the valve move: a backpressure case that was adapted from a compressor manufacturer and a springback case that was adapted from a flapper valve testing platform. A study of the wear mark evolution was also made on the surface of flapper valves that impacts with the seat. The valves had been in use for a different amount of cycles, were supplied by a compressor manufacturer and were made of Sandvik Hiflex steel. Stereo microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface measurements were used at three different areas on the valves. It was shown with the FEM that the maximum compressive stress, at a specific point in the material, does not occur at the impact for that point. Rather, that constructive interference between stress waves in the material is the probable cause for the stress peaks that are formed. In what way the valve impacts with the seat will affect the maximum compressive stress distribution in the valve tongue. If an area close to the root of the valve impacts first with the seat, a whiplash effect will cause a higher impact velocity and impact stress in the free end of the valve. The wear mark study showed an initially high growth rate for the wear mark. However, with an increasing amount of cycles, the wear mark growth rate will decrease. Areas at the edge of the valve tongue consistently had the lowest wear mark depth, while areas close to the root and the free end of the valve had similar wear mark depth in the longest tested valve. FEM and wear mark results indicate that the impact velocity and maximum compressive stress are important factors for wear mark growth.

In Meaning as Species, Mark Richard provides an argument to the conclusion that stipulation can transiently create perfect intralinguistic synonymy. The key to achieve this is the notion of meaning as "abstracted common ground” (ACG). In this thesis, I argue that Richard’s argument is not enough to ensure the existence of perfect synonymy. It remains possible to coin a new term, stipulate that it has the same meaning(-cum-ACG) as a previous one, and yet make the case that the coined term is only an instance of the original term. This is important if we use a notion of perfect synonymy for which it is necessary, for two words to be synonyms, that they are different words. To defend my claim, I deal with two distinct notions of perfect synonymy, the criterion of equinormality, and the distinction between word-instances and word-types.

Fatal accidents on the road are an unfortunate daily occurrence, with almost 30,000 deaths resulting from hit-and-runs in the USA between 2006 and 2021. The identification of the driver responsible for this road crime can become a challenge. Nonetheless, the accident scene provides a large amount of trace evidence that can prove critical to this matter, one of them being the tire marks. While traditional tire mark analysis is full of physical information helping the reconstruction of the event, additional information can be extracted from the rubber left during the braking event. Each tire model is manufactured with a specific design, obtained by a chemical formulation that can become its signature. Supplemental to the molecular profile of the rubber itself, analysis of the trace and contaminant elements can help build the chemical signature for the tire rubber. This work consists of establishing the link between the tire and the skid mark and particles it left during a braking event. The difference between tire models was proved from the elemental analysis of the tire rubber itself, showing that the specific content of minor and trace elements is specific to the model. Expanding to the problem of tire marks, the first challenge consists in efficiently sampling the rubber from the road. The development of an effective procedure to lift the tire particles from the mark is demonstrated in this work. This does present some challenges, including removal of other particles present within the lift and extraction of the tire rubber for further analysis by ICP-MS, providing an elemental profile for the sampled skid mark. Finally, with the skid mark rubber analyzed, it is compared with the elemental profile of the rubber from the source tire. The results of this comparison will be discussed in both simulated (with a lab- made tire mark maker) and field cases (from braking tests performed by the Florida Highway Patrol (FHP)). The results of my research provide the forensic community with the first evaluation of elemental analysis of tire rubber to use this seldom used trace evidence, all along the analytical process, from sampling to analysis to attribution.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.