Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MartaLPS_partes_autorizadas_pelo autor.pdf: 1296900 bytes, checksum: ae142b4d715f0718971945acd4c853ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The mesoporous molecular sieves of MCM-41 and AlMCM-41 type are considered as promising support for metal in the refining processes of petroleum-based materials as catalysts and adsorbents for environmental protection. In this work the molecular sieves MCM-41 and AlMCM-41 were synthesized by replacing the source of silica conventionally used, for quartz, an alternative and abundant, and the use of waste from the production of diatomaceous earth, an aluminum-silicate, as a source aluminum, due to abundant reserves of diatomaceous earth in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the city of Cear?-Mirim, with the objective of producing high-value materials that have similar characteristics to traditional commercial catalysts in the market. These materials were synthesized by the method of hydrothermal synthesis at 100 ? C for 7 days and subjected to calcination at 500 ? C for 2 hours under flow of nitrogen and air. The molecular sieves were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), adsorption of N2 (BET and BJH methods), spectroscopy in the infra red (FTIR), microscopy scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The analysis indicated that the synthesized materials showed characteristic hexagonal structure of mesopores materials with high specific surface area and sort and narrow distribution of size of pores / As peneiras moleculares mesoporosas do tipo MCM-41 e AlMCM-41 s?o consideradas promissoras como suporte para metais em processos de refino de materiais a base de petr?leo, como catalisadores e como adsorventes para prote??o ambiental. Neste trabalho foram sintetizadas as peneiras moleculares MCM-41 e AlMCM-41 atrav?s da substitui??o da fonte de s?lica convencionalmente utilizada, por quartzo, uma fonte alternativa e abundante, e pela utiliza??o do rejeito da produ??o de diatomita, um alumino-silicato, como fonte de alum?nio, devido a abundante reserva de diatomita no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, no munic?pio de Cear?-Mirim, com o objetivo de produzir materiais de alto valor agregado que apresentam caracter?sticas semelhantes aos catalisadores comerciais tradicionalmente existentes no mercado. Estes materiais foram sintetizados pelo m?todo de s?ntese hidrot?rmica a 100 ?C por 7 dias, e submetidos a calcina??o a 500 ?C por 2 horas sob fluxo de nitrog?nio e ar. As peneiras moleculares foram caracterizadas por difra??o de raios-X (DRX), an?lises t?rmicas diferencial (DTA) e termogravim?trica (TG), fisissor??o de N2, (M?todos de BET e BJH), espectroscopia na regi?o do infra vermelho (FTIR), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia eletr?nica de transmiss?o (MET). As an?lises indicaram que os materiais sintetizados apresentaram estrutura hexagonal caracter?stica dos materiais mesoporosos, com elevadas ordena??o e ?rea superficial espec?fica e estreita distribui??o de tamanho de poros

Une nouvelle approche de synthèse a été développée pour non seulement contrôler la morphologie, la taille et la texture de particules de silice mais aussi incorporer une ou plusieurs fonctionnalités à la surface interne de leurs pores. La morphologie sphérique, la monodispersité des particules, la porosité radiale, la dispersion et l'accessibilité des fonctionnalités ainsi que leur taux d'incorporation constituent les propriétés et les paramètres physico-chimiques privilégiés dans notre approche qui est basée sur la méthode de Stöber modifiée et la fonctionnalisation in-situ. Deux différentes applications ont été retenues pour étudier la quintessence de cette approche. La première consiste à incorporer des espèces métalliques (Al et Cu par exemple) dans les sphères de silice afin de les rendre fonctionnelles pour des applications catalytiques en phase liquide; et la deuxième consiste à greffer à la surface des particules des nanomachines sensibles permettant de contrôler le relargage des molécules actives pour des applications thérapeutiques. Dans les deux cas d'application, des performances optimales sont attendues. / A novel approach of synthesis has been developed in order to control simultaneously the morphology, size and textural parameters of silica particles, as well as to incorporate one or more functional groups in the pore walls. In this approach, based on the modified Stöber method and in-situ functionalization, emphasis is put on the spherical morphology, the particle monodispersity, the radially disposed porous structure, and the appropriate dispersion and accessibility of surface functional groups. Two potential applications have been selected so as to verify the feasibility of the approach. In view of materials use for heterogenous catalysis in the liquid phase, the monodisperses mesoporous silica spheres were derivatized with metallic species (e.g., Al and Cu) by direct incorporation in the synthesis stage. The second type of applications concerned the use of silica spheres as sensitive nanomachines for the controlled drug release and required grafting of appropriate organic molecules onto the silica surface.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Triazenes are a class of chemical compounds that presents three atoms of nitrogen bonded each other in sequence on a open chain. An analogue of these generics monocatenade Triazenes are Triazenes 1-oxide, used in many areas of chemistry, being targeted mainly in organic chemistry, analytical, medical, bioinorganic, coordination chemistry and catalysis recently. Was synthesized the free ligand 1-fenil-3-(4-Fluorophenil)Triazene N1-oxide (1) and from this, the complexes: bis[1-phenyl-3-(4-Fluorophenyl)triazene N1-oxide] Copper(II) (2), bis[1-phenyl-3-(4-Fluorophenyl)Triazene N1-oxide]Nickel(II) (3) and [1-phenyl-3-(4-Fluorophenyl)Triazene N1-oxide]-(triphenylphosphine)Gold(I) (4). The compounds were anchored on MCM-41, mesoporous molecular sieve with diameters between 2 and 50 nm , high surface area (1000 m2g-1) and high pore volume (1 cm3g-1), giving rise to solids Ligand-MCM (I), Cu-MCM (II), Ni-MCM (III) and Au-MCM (IV). The complexes and catalysts characterized by several types of analyzes such as melting point, infrared, x-ray diffraction powder and monocrystal, 1H and 13C NMR, nitrogen adsorption, TGA, among other. The solids were tested in the reactions oxidation of ciclooctene and reduction of chloro-cyclohexane to cyclohexane at different molar ratios (catalyst: oxidizing agent: substrate). This work has as main goal to discuss the crystallographic complex and present a comparison of efficiency among the catalysts supported on MCM-41. / Triazenos constituem uma classe de compostos químicos que apresentam três átomos de nitrogênio interligados de forma sequencial em uma cadeia aberta. Um análogo a este triazenos monocatenados genéricos, são os triazenos 1-óxido, utilizados em diversas áreas da química, sendo alvo principalmente na química orgânica, analítica, medicinal, bioinorgânica, química de coordenação e recentemente na catálise. Sintetizou-se o pró-ligante 1-fenil-3-(4-Fluorofenil)Triazeno N1-óxido (1) e a partir deste, os complexos: bis[1-fenil-3-(4-Fluorofenil)Triazeno N1-óxido]Cobre(II) (2) , bis[1-fenil-3-(4-Fluorofenil)Triazeno N1- óxido]Níquel(II) (3) e [1-fenil-3-(4-Fluorofenil)Triazeno N1-óxido]-(trifenilfosfina)Ouro(I) (4). Os compostos foram ancorados em MCM-41, uma peneira molecular mesoporosa com diâmetros de 2 e 50 nm, alta área superficial (1000 m2g-1) e elevado volume de poros (1 cm3g-1), dando origem aos sólidos Ligante-MCM (I), Cu-MCM (II), Ni-MCM (III) e Au-MCM (IV). Os complexos e catalisadores caracterizados por diversos tipos de análises, como por exemplo ponto de fusão, infravermelho, difração de raios X de pó e monocristal , RMN 1H e 13C, adsorção de nitrogênio, TGA , entre outros. Os sólidos foram testados nas reações de oxidação do cicloocteno e redução do cloro-cicloexano para cicloexano, em diversas proporções molares (catalisador:oxidante:substrato). Este trabalho tem como objetivo a discussão cristalográfica dos complexos e apresentar uma comparação de eficiência entre os catalisadores suportados em MCM-41.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:55:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5785.pdf: 4761732 bytes, checksum: 604d605ce379585335d48545e6063093 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-24 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The silica hybrid CTA-MCM-41 (where CTA is the cetyltrimethylammonium cation) was synthesized and used in the transesterification of ethyl acetate with methanol. This is a model reaction used to test basic catalysts for the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils and fats. The basic sites in the catalyst consist of siloxy anions associated with CTA cations. In earlier work, it was found that progressive deactivation of the catalyst occurred when it was reused, due to leaching of the CTA cations located within the pores and on the external surface, resulting in partial loss of the basicity required for this type of reaction. The challenge of the present work was to stabilize the catalytic activity of CTA-MCM-41 by restricting the loss of cations from its interior (since the basicity derives from the interaction between the CTA cation and the siloxy anion). To this end, novel modifications were made to the synthesis of CTA-MCM-41, involving the encapsulation of acrylate monomers in the hydrophobic interior of the micelles followed by their subsequent polymerization using the application of ultraviolet irradiation together with a photoinitiator. The polymers formed then interacted with the hydrophobic tails of the micelles, which restricted the exit of CTA from the interior of the pores, hence improving the stability of the catalyst. The combination of the traditional synthesis method with polymerization using a microemulsion is innovative, because there are no reports in the literature that describe a synthesis in which the initial step is performed using emulsified polymers. The emulsions and the synthesized solids were evaluated using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The materials were also analyzed by Xray diffraction, elemental (CHN) analysis, infrared absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry. All these techniques helped to identify the presence of the monomer, as well as the polymer, in the channels of the CTA-MCM-41. It was confirmed that the presence of the polymer increased the catalytic stability of these new silica hybrids applied in the transesterification reaction. / A sílica híbrida CTA-MCM-41 (onde CTA é o cátion cetiltrimetilamônio) foi empregada, tal como sintetizada, na transesterificação do acetato de etila com metanol. Esta é uma reação modelo para testar catalisadores básicos para a produção de biodiesel a partir de óleos vegetais e gorduras. Os sítios básicos desse catalisador são identificados como sendo os ânions silóxi (≡SiO-) associados aos cátions CTA. Em trabalhos anteriores foi verificado que ocorre a desativação catalítica em seus sucessivos usos, ocasionados pela lixiviação dos cátions CTA localizados no interior dos poros e também na sua superfície externa. Desta forma, tem-se a perda de parte da basicidade requerida pela formação de grupos silanóis (SiOH) para este tipo de reação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desafio de estabilizar cataliticamente a CTA-MCM-41 dificultando a saída dos cátions do seu interior, pois, como já mencionado, a basicidade é promovida pela interação do cátion CTA com o ânion silóxi. Para isso, foram realizadas modificações inéditas na síntese da CTA-MCM-41 como o encapsulamento de monômeros acrílicos (metila, butila, octila e dodecila) no interior hidrofóbico das micelas e sua posterior polimerização sob a ação da radiação ultravioleta e de um fotoiniciador. Desse modo, os polímeros formados interagiram com as caudas hidrofóbicas das micelas, dificultando a saída do CTA do interior dos poros, por conseguinte proporcionando uma melhora na estabilidade catalítica. O método tradicional de síntese realizado juntamente com a polimerização em emulsão é inovador, pois ainda não há relatos na literatura cuja etapa inicial da síntese seja por meio de polímeros emulsificados. Assim, as emulsões e os sólidos sintetizados foram avaliados por meio da técnica de espalhamento de raios X a ângulos pequenos (SAXS). Os materiais foram analisados pelas técnicas de difratometria de raios X, análise química elementar (CHN), espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e termogravimetria. Todas as técnicas auxiliaram para comprovar a presença do monômero e também do polímero nos canais da CTA-MCM-41. Desse modo, verificou-se que a presença do polímero melhorou a estabilidade catalítica destas novas sílicas híbridas sintetizadas e aplicadas na transesterificação.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataMB_TESE.pdf: 1339744 bytes, checksum: 24902b1b3636b97bbd787863d62c1f99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a thermochemical conversion process for production energy which have been very atratactive due to energetic use of its products: gas (CO, CO2, H2, CH4, etc.), liquid (bio-oil) and charcoal. The bio-oil is the main product of fast pyrolysis, and its final composition and characteristics is intrinsically related to quality of biomass (ash disposal, moisture, content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) and efficiency removal of oxygen compounds that cause undesirable features such as increased viscosity, instability, corrosiveness and low calorific value. The oxygenates are originated in the conventional process of biomass pyrolysis, where the use of solid catalysts allows minimization of these products by improving the bio-oil quality. The present study aims to evaluate the products of catalytic pyrolysis of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) using solid catalysts as tungsten oxides, supported or not in mesoporous materials like MCM-41, derived silica from rice husk ash, aimed to reduce oxygenates produced in pyrolysis. The biomasss treatment by washing with heated water (CEL) or washing with acid solution (CELix) and application of tungsten catalysts on vapors from the pyrolysis process was designed to improve the pyrolysis products quality. Conventional and catalytic pyrolysis of biomass was performed in a micro-pyrolyzer, Py-5200, coupled to GC/MS. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, X ray fluorescence, temperature programmed reduction and thermogravimetric analysis. Kinetic studies applying the Flynn and Wall model were performed in order to evaluate the apparent activation energy of holoceluloce thermal decomposition on samples elephant grass (CE, CEL and CELix). The results show the effectiveness of the treatment process, reducing the ash content, and were also observed decrease in the apparent activation energy of these samples. The catalytic pyrolysis process converted most of the oxygenate componds in aromatics such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, etc / A pir?lise r?pida da biomassa lignocelul?sica ? um processo de convers?o termoqu?mica para produ??o de energia que vem se tornando muito atratativo devido ao aproveitamento energ?tico de seus produtos: g?s (CO, CO2, H2, CH4, etc), l?quido (bio-?leo) e carv?o vegetal. O bio-?leo ? o principal produto da pir?lise r?pida, sendo a sua composi??o e caracter?sticas finais intrinsecamente relacionadas ? qualidade da biomassa (elimina??o de cinzas, teor de umidade, teor de celulose, hemicelulose e lignina) bem como ? efici?ncia da remo??o dos compostos oxigenados que causam caracter?sticas indesej?veis como aumento da viscosidade, instabilidade, corrosividade e baixo poder calor?fico. Os compostos oxigenados s?o originados no processo de pir?lise convencional da biomassa onde o uso de catalisadores s?lidos, em geral, permite a minimiza??o destes produtos melhorando a qualidade do produto final, o bio-?leo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os produtos da pir?lise catal?tica do capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) utilizando catalisadores s?lidos, ?xidos a base de tungst?nio, suportados ou n?o em materiais mesoporosos do tipo MCM-41, derivados da s?lica da casca do arroz, visando ? redu??o de compostos oxigenados produzidos na pir?lise. O tratamento da biomasssa atrav?s da lavagem com ?gua aquecida (CEL) ou lavagem com solu??o ?cida (CELix), bem como a aplica??o de catalisadores a base de tungst?nio nos vapores provenientes do processo de pir?lise, teve a finalidade de melhorar a qualidade dos produtos da pir?lise. A pir?lise convencional e catal?tica da biomassa foram realizadas em um micro pirolisador, Py-5200, acoplado ao GC/MS. Os catalisadores sintetizados foram caracterizados por Difra??o de raios X, Espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho, Fluoresc?ncia de Raios X, Redu??o por Temperatura Programada e An?lise termogravim?trica. Estudos cin?ticos aplicando o modelo de Flynn Wall foram realizados com a finalidade de avaliar a energia de ativa??o aparente da decomposi??o t?rmica da holoceluloce nas amostras de capim elefante (CE, CEL e CELix). Os resultados mostraram a efici?ncia do processo de tratamento, reduzindo o teor de cinzas, como tamb?m foi observada a diminui??o na energia de ativa??o aparente dessas amostras. O processo de pir?lise catal?tica converteu a maioria dos produtos oxigenados do CE em arom?ticos como benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno, etc

The mesoporous materials Al-MCM-41 produced from kaolin, low cost raw material, by means of hydrothermal acid treatment route, has shown potential for being used as adsorbent in removal process of methylene blue. The process of synthesis of Al-MCM-41 is based on calcination of kaolin, dealumination by acid treatment, hydrothermal synthesis and extraction of the surfactant. The characterization of de obtained mesoporous material was carried out by techniques such as: X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared, 29Si and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance in the solid state, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption/desorption. The X-ray diffraction at low angles allowed the determination of the cell parameter, which was 4.02 nm. The analyses of scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed important morphological properties of the synthesized material. N2 adsorption/desorption showed a BET specific surface area of 1,303 m2 g-1, pore volume of 1.23 cm3 g-1 and average diameter of 2.45 nm. PZC measurements showed a pHPZC of 2.69. The adsorption of methylene blue by Al-MCM-41 adsorbent showed high kinetic and high adsorption capacity, with values around 316 mg g-1. / O material mesoporoso Al-MCM-41 produzido a partir de caulim, matÃria-prima de baixo custo, por meio de rota hidrotÃrmica com tratamento Ãcido, mostrou-se promissor para ser usado como adsorvente do corante azul de metileno. O processo de sÃntese da Al-MCM-41 Ã baseado na calcinaÃÃo do caulim, desaluminizaÃÃo por tratamento Ãcido, sÃntese hidrotÃrmica e eliminaÃÃo do surfactante. A caracterizaÃÃo do material mesoporoso foi realizada por meio de tÃcnicas como: difraÃÃo de raios-X, espectroscopia vibracional na regiÃo do infravermelho, ressonÃncia magnÃtica nuclear no estado sÃlido de 29Si e 27Al, microscopia eletrÃnica de varredura, microscopia eletrÃnica de transmissÃo e adsorÃÃo de N2. A anÃlise de difraÃÃo de raios-X em baixo Ãngulo da Al-MCM-41 permitiu a determinaÃÃo do parÃmetro de cÃlula que apresentou valor de 4,02 nm. As anÃlises de microscopia eletrÃnica de varredura e de transmissÃo revelaram importantes propriedades morfolÃgicas do material sintetizado. Utilizando as medidas de adsorÃÃo e desorÃÃo de gÃs N2 a Ãrea superficial especÃfica BET da Al-MCM-41 apresentou valor 1.303 m2 g-1, com um volume de poros de 1,23 cm3 g-1 e diÃmetro mÃdio de 2,45 nm. O teste do PZC determinou um pHPZC de 2,69. Os testes de adsorÃÃo do azul de metileno pelo adsorvente Al-MCM-41 mostraram que o mesmo apresenta alta capacidade de adsorÃÃo com valores em torno de 316 mg g-1.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The significant increase of carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere comes intensifying the global warming. The search for energetic source that turn emission down is of great importance, as well as the use of complementary actions like dioxide carbon capture process of the main emissions sources. From among some processes already very well-known industrially highlights chemical absorption with alkanolamine, which shows some disadvantages in being costly and generate waste derived from recovery. The use gas-solid selective in carbon dioxide adsorption has very advantages over absorption liquid amine such as easy handling without risks to the environment and recovering of adsorbent material, being possible to use industries plants with continuous flux. In this context were synthesized through hydrothermal method two materials of family M41S of type MCM-41 and MCM-48. Then the materials were impregnated with ethylenediamine by wet impregnation method. These materials were used for the carbon dioxide adsorption process and were characterized by several physic-chemical techniques. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples showed all peaks characteristics of MCM-41 and MCM-48 before and after impregnation with amines. The absorption spectrum in the infrared region showed bands due to Si-O and O-Si-O bonds in all materials and N-H bonds due to presence of amine in the supports after impregnation process. The thermogravimetric curves showed that stability of material containing amines is up to 100 °C. The materials showed N2 adsorption isotherms type IV, some with hysteresis type H1 and high surfaces areas (over 1000 m2 g-1). Carbon dioxide capture tests in flux system and atmosphere pressure showed significant drawbacks in the capture capacities of carbon dioxide for the materials impregnated with ethylenediamine in comparison to the values obtained with the MCM-41 and MCM-48 supports alone. Tests with closed system and pressure variation in the range of 0.5 to 30 bar allowed the construction of the isotherms to prepared materials of which were fitted using the Langmuir model. The results showed that the samples of MCM-41 and MCM-48 without impregnation are favorable for applications where high pressures are required. / O aumento significativo das emissões de dióxido de carbono na atmosfera vem acentuando o efeito do aquecimento global. A busca por fontes energéticas que minimizem as emissões é de grande importância, como também o uso de ações complementares como processos para captura deste gás das principais fontes emissoras. Dentre alguns processos já bem conhecidos industrialmente, destaca-se a absorção química com alcanolaminas, a qual apresenta algumas desvantagens por ser dispendiosa e gerar rejeitos da sua recuperação. O uso da adsorção gás-sólido seletiva de dióxido de carbono tem muitas vantagens sobre a absorção com aminas líquidas, tais como: fácil manipulação sem riscos ao ambiente, e recuperação do material adsorvente, podendo-se utilizar plantas industriais com fluxo contínuo. Neste contexto, foram sintetizados através do método hidrotérmico dois materiais da família M41S do tipo MCM-41 e MCM-48. Em seguida os materiais foram impregnados com etilenodiamina, através do método de impregnação por via úmida. Estes materiais foram utilizados para o processo de adsorção de dióxido de carbono e foram caracterizados por diversas técnicas físico-químicas. Os difratogramas de raios-X das amostras sintetizadas apresentaram os picos característicos do MCM-41 e do MCM-48 antes e após a impregnação com aminas. Os espectros de absorção na região do infravermelho mostraram bandas devido às ligações Si-O e O-Si-O em todos os materiais e de ligações N-H devido à presença da amina nos suportes após a impregnação. As curvas termogravimétricas mostraram que a estabilidade do material contendo aminas é de até 100 °C. Todos os materiais apresentaram isotermas de adsorção de N2 do tipo IV, alguns com histerese do tipo H1 e elevadas áreas superficiais (acima de 1000 m2 g-1). Os testes de captura de dióxido de carbono em sistema com fluxo e pressão atmosférica mostraram significativas reduções nas capacidades de captura para os materiais impregnados em comparação com os valores obtidos com os suportes MCM-41 e MCM-48. Testes com sistema fechado e variação de pressão na faixa de 0,5-30 bar permitiram o levantamento de isotermas de equilíbrio para os materiais preparados as quais foram ajustadas através do modelo de Langmuir. Os resultados mostraram que as amostras de MCM-41 e MCM-48 são favoráveis para aplicações onde altas pressões são requeridas.

Des complexes bio-inspirés de zinc(II) ont été ancrés à la surface des nanopores d’une silice mésoporeuse de type MCM-41 adopté la technique du pochoir moléculaire à motifs périodiques pour assurer l’isolation des sites en utilisant des ions TMA+ comme espaceur pour contrôler le greffage des fonctions triméthylsilyle. L’objectif étant de mimer le doigt de zinc de l’anhydrase carbonique, une enzyme qui catalyse la réaction réversible d’hydratation du dioxyde de carbone en bicarbonate. Des complexes aminés de métaux de transition ont été aussi ancrés par analogie au site métallique de l’anhydrase carbonique avec un contrôle du voisinage moléculaire comparable à celui des matériaux contenant les complexes à base de zinc. L’interaction du CO2 adsorbé avec les sites actifs de ces matériaux a été aussi étudiée. Les matériaux intermédiaires sont caractérisés à chaque étape par un panel de techniques, dont DRX, analyses élémentaires, adsorption-désorption d’N2, FT-IR, 29Si RMN, XPS et RPE qui confirment l’intégrité de la structure poreuse et la formation des complexes. / Bio-inspired diethylenetriamine zinc(II) complexes were anchored into the nanopores of hexagonal mesoporous MCM41-like silicas. A step-by-step approach called “Molecular Stencil Patterning” was adopted to perform an in situ synthesis in order to mimic the zinc finger of the carbonic anhydrase. In the presence of a surface-masking pattern of TMA+ ions, some silanol groups were capped using grafted trimethylsilyl functions. Transition metal complexes have also been anchored in analogy to the metallic site of carbonic anhydrase with a molecular vicinity control comparable to that of materials containing zinc complexes. The interaction of adsorbed CO2 with the active sites of these materials has also been studied. The materials were characterized with a panel of techniques including XRD, elemental analysis, N2-adsorption-desorption, FT-IR, 29Si NMR, XPS and EPR that confirm the integrity of the porous structure and the complexes formation.

L’objectif de cette thèse consiste à mettre en place un système d’émulsion catalysé par des nanoparticules de Pickering afin de synthétiser des tensioactifs bio sourcés. Pour cela nous nous sommes intéressés à des matériaux mésoporeux fonctionnalisés (de type MCM-41). Ces matériaux favorisent la formation des émulsions tout en catalysant la réaction.Après une étude bibliographique sur le glycérol, les tensioactifs, les émulsions de Pickering et les matériaux mésoporeux, nous nous sommes intéressés à la synthèse et à la fonctionnalisation de ces matériaux. Puis après les avoir caractérisés, nous les avons testés dans des réactions modèles biphasiques (acétalysation et hydrolyse d’ester). Enfin, nous avons terminé cette étude en testant ces catalyseurs dans notre réaction cible (éthérification du glycérol par des alcools gras). La MCM-41 a été synthétisée en utilisant un chauffage micro-onde.Les fonctions greffées sur nos matériaux ont permis de faire varier la balance hydrophile hydrophobe de nos matériaux tout en leur fournissant une fonction catalytique. Les nanoparticules ont été caractérisées par leur ATG, BET, DRX, analyse élémentaire, acidité et tailles des particules.Des catalyseurs à base d’Aerosil® 200 et de Nanoparticules de carbone ont également été testés.Une longue chaine alkyke (C18) et des nanoparticules de petites tailles (Aerosil® 200 et nanoparticules de carbone) favorisent la stabilité des émulsions. Cependant la présence de pores dans nos matériaux n’apporte pas d’avantage catalytique déterminant. / The objective of this work is the conception of emulsion catalysed by Pickering nanoparticles inorder to synthetize biosurfactant. Our strategy was based on functionalised mesoporous materials(MCM-41). These materials combine both emulsion stabilisation and reaction catalysis.After a bibliographic study on glycerol, surfactants, Pickering emulsions and mesoporousmaterials; our strategy was to functionalise these materials. After charaterisation, these materialswere tested in bipohasic model reactions (acetalysation and ester hydrolysis). We come to the end of this study by testing these catalysts in our target reaction (glycerol etherifaction from fattyalcohol).The MCM-41 was synthetized by using a microwave heating. The grafted functions on our materials can both make several hydrophilic-hydrophobic materialsas possible and provided them some catalytic functions. The nanoparticles were characterized byTGA, BET, XRD, elemental analysis, acidity and particle size.Catalyst from Aerosil® 200 and carbon nanoparticles were also tested. A long alkyl chain (C18) and small nanoparticles (Aerosil® 200 and carbon nanoparticles) supportthe emulsion’s stability. Nevertheless, the porous inside our materials is not interesting on acatalytic point of view.

Le débat sur l'origine du comportement anormal de l'eau (H2O), que peut être dû, au niveau moléculaire, à sa capacité à former des réseaux de liaisons hydrogène, est encore ouvert. Les anomalies de le H2O sont fortement accentuées dans la région surfondue du diagramme de phase (PD). Beaucoup de simulations numérique ont expliqué cet comportement en suggérant l'existence d'une transition de phase liquide-liquide (LLPT) entre deux phases de densité différente: Low Density Liquid et High Density Liquid, séparées par une ligne de coexistence terminant sur un point critique (CP) (hypothèse de le 2°point critique). Malheureusement, ce CP, s'il existe, réside dans le No man's land, une région du PD difficile à explorer expérimentalement à cause de la cristallisation spontanée. Confiner H2O dans des géométries nanométrique peut abaisser la température de congélation, en ouvrant la possibilité d'entrer dans le No man's land et d'enquêter sur l'existence de LLPT. Nous avons étudié H2O confiné dans une matrice mésoporeuse (MCM-41), en mettant l'accent sur l'existence d'un minimum de densité (DM) à 210 K, qui devrait être directement lié au second CP supposé. Nos expériences ont exploité la spectroscopie infrarouge, la diffusion de neutrons à petit angle et la diffraction de neutrons sur une large gamme de Q. L'interprétation de nos résultats a conduit à conclure que dans le centre du pore de MCM-41 se forme une hétérophase solide, à une température proche a quelle prétendu par d'autres auteurs pour le DM. Donc l'approche expérimentale commune est faux et ce qui a été précédemment interprété comme un signe de DM à 210 K est en réalité dû au début d'un événement de cristallisation. / Le débat sur l'origine du comportement anormal de l'eau (H2O), qui peut être dû, au niveau moléculaire, à sa capacité à former des réseaux de liaisons hydrogène, est encore ouvert. Les anomalies du H2O sont fortement accentuées dans la région surfondue du diagramme de phase (PD). Beaucoup de simulations numérique ont expliqué cet comportement en suggérant l'existence d'une transition de phase liquide-liquide (LLPT) entre deux phases de densité différente: Low Density Liquid et High Density Liquid, séparées par une ligne de coexistence terminant sur un point critique (CP) (hypothèse de le 2°point critique). Malheureusement, ce CP, s'il existe, réside dans le No man's land, une région du PD difficile à explorer expérimentalement à cause de la cristallisation spontanée. Confiner H2O dans des géométries nanométrique peut abaisser la température de congélation, en ouvrant la possibilité d'entrer dans le No man's land et d'enquêter sur l'existence de LLPT. Nous avons étudié H2O confiné dans une matrice mésoporeuse (MCM-41), en mettant l'accent sur l'existence d'un minimum de densité (DM) à 210 K, qui devrait être directement lié au second CP supposé. Nos expériences ont exploité la spectroscopie infrarouge, la diffusion de neutrons à petit angle et la diffraction de neutrons sur une large gamme de Q. L'interprétation de nos résultats a conduit à conclure que dans le centre du pore de MCM-41 se forme une hétérophase solide, à une température proche a quelle prétendu par d'autres auteurs pour le DM. Donc l'approche expérimentale commune est faux et ce qui a été précédemment interprété comme un signe de DM à 210 K est en réalité dû au début d'un événement de cristallisation.