Magister Curationis - MCur / The current debate on knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of medical staff and the broader community towards mentally ill patients across the world is also quite extensive in South Africa. The literature on the subject matter demonstrates poor knowledge of mental illness in the general population and also indicates that people often have stigmatising attitudes towards mental illness. However, while most studies have explored the attitudes, perceptions and behaviour towards mentally ill patients with respect to various staff categories such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists, psychologist and the community globally and particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, few studies have extended the analysis to include general assistants. Moreover, little research has been carried out on the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards mental illness and mentally ill patients of non-medical staff such as general assistants, who on a daily basis spend time with mentally health care users, ensuring hygiene in psychiatric hospitals in South Africa. This study intended to fill the gap by using a quantitative, descriptive approach encompassing a cross-sectional survey design to identify the level of basic mental health knowledge and determine attitudes and perceptions of general assistants towards mental illness and mentally ill patients in four government funded psychiatric hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. A random sample of 124 was selected from the general assistants of the four psychiatric hospitals in Cape Town. The results established that the majority of General Assistants (75.6%) in all four psychiatric hospitals demonstrated fair basic mental health knowledge pertaining to mental illness and positive attitudes and perceptions towards mentally ill patients. Although the attitudes and perceptions are mostly positive, item analysis revealed that there are disparities in the results. One third of the general assistants find it stressful to work with mentally ill people. Others displayed frustration (30,1% ), mistrust (52%) and fear(12%). In addition, 82.9% of the general assistants like working with mentally ill people and the majority of the general assistants are comfortable working with mentally ill patients. The recommendation is that basic mental health awareness programmes or in-service training should be implemented for general assistants especially newly appointed general assistants to improve the knowledge and understanding, attitudes and perceptions of general assistants and to reduce fear and negative perceptions and attitudes in order to enhance positive patient experiences.

Magister Artium - MA / We Dare Not Say is an anthology of seven interlinked short stories with the general theme of intergenerational trauma among coloured families in Cape Town. The stories are arranged in a montage of internally, variably and externally focalised narratives that span over a century, from 1900 through to 2015, and are fictionalised accounts of real events, categorising them as biographical fiction. Some of the specific topics covered in the stories include incest, molestation, substance abuse, mental illness and humour as a coping mechanism. The body of work is conceived in the context of the twentieth century trauma narrative, the complexities of which run as undercurrents through most of the important English literary works created in South Africa since the 1800s up until John M. Coetzee, but which has often lacked a female perspective, especially women of colour. The stories in this volume aim to depict a group of people, who, through centuries of oppression in the form of serfdom, servitude and segregation, have developed various coping mechanisms to make sense of their own identity in an absurdly cruel social landscape. The stories focus on the inward turning of violence, substance abuse, silence and humour as survival mechanisms after generations of trauma that have been, in a sense, the hallmarks of coloured South Africa. The stories are told using a split narrative method, showing multiple viewpoints of the same story with perspectives ranging from young to old, crossing the gender divide in both time and space. Ultimately, We Dare Not Say, is a depiction of the complexities of lives lived under oppression, and the triumphs and challenges faced in trying to resolve, live through or deny the effects of such oppression on a group and the individuals that make up that group.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-13T13:27:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-06. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-13T13:33:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000856409.pdf: 1318028 bytes, checksum: d3b5898d8008b2200809c0c390627b67 (MD5) / Os efeitos das emoções são capazes de interromper redes da Memoria Operacional (MO), isto é, da capacidade de processar e armazenar, mentalmente, informações por um período curto de tempo. Estudos demonstram que pessoas com diferentes Transtornos Mentais e Comportamentais (TMC), por exemplo, depressão, ansiedade, e transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade apresentam prejuízos em componentes da memória operacional. Isto sugere que a capacidade da MO pode servir como um marcador para detecção de estados emocionais da valência negativa associados a níveis subclínicos de TMC, isto é, quando os sintomas são sutis e geralmente não diagnosticados. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi identificar fatores de risco (sintomas de TMC) e de proteção (comportamentos proativos) para a MO de universitários e investigar a influência desses fatores no desempenho de componentes nas capacidades de processamento e armazenamento da MO. Para tanto, foram avaliados 70 universitários, de ambos os sexos, matriculados no primeiro ano de graduação do curso de psicologia de duas universidades diferentes, sendo uma pública e outra particular, por meio de escalas de rastreio de quatro TMC, e uma bateria de testes especializadas em medir os componentes da memória operacional. Os resultados obtidos nas escalas de rastreio de TMC, escalas comportamentais e o teste cognitivo AWMA evidenciaram alguns fatores de risco, como sintomas de TMC (ansiedade, depressão e TDHA), estados de humor (tensão e raiva), uso de substâncias psicoativas e qualidade do sono associados aos prejuízos das habilidades de armazenamento e processamento de informações da MO. Assim como, apontaram fatores de proteção (bom conceito de auto-eficácia, bons aspectos sociais, emocionais e boa saúde mental) presentes em universitários e associados ao melhor desempenho dessas habilidades / The effects of emotions are able to interrupt networks of working memory (WM), i.e. the ability to process and store mentally information for a short period of time. Studies show that people with different mental and behavioral disorders (MBD), for example, depression, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have impairments in components of working memory. This suggests that the ability of the MO can serve as a market for detecting emotional states associated with valence of subclinical of MBD, i.e., when the symptoms are subtle and do not generally diagnosed. The aim of this study was to identify risks factors (symptoms MBD) and protection factors (proactive behaviors) for the WM of students and investigate the influence of the factors on the performance of processing and storage components of WM. Therefore, it was evaluated 70 students, of both gender, enrolled in first year of undergraduate psychology course of two different universities, one public and other private, by means of four MBD screening scales, and battery of tests specialized to measure the components of WM. The results given by the MBD screening scales, behavioral scales and the cognitive test a WMA showed that some risk factors, such as symptoms of MBD (anxiety, depression and ADHD), mood states (tension and anger) substrate abuse, sleep quality associated with losses in the storage and information processing of WM ability. As well as protection factors (good concept of self-efficacy, good social and emotional aspects and good mental health status) present in university and associated with better performance of these skills

abstract: Training for law enforcement on effective ways of intervening in mental health crises is limited. What is available tends to be costly for implementation, labor-intensive, and requires officers to opt-in. DEFUSE, an interactive online training program, was specifically developed to train law enforcement on mental illness and de-escalation skills. Derived from a stress inoculation framework, the curriculum provides education, skills training, and rehearsal; it is brief, cost-effective, and scalable to officers across the country. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or delayed treatment control conditions. A multivariate analysis of variance yielded a significant treatment-by-repeated-measures interaction and univariate analyses confirmed improvement on all of the measures (e.g., empathy, stigma, self-efficacy, behavioral outcomes, knowledge). Replication dependent t-test analyses conducted on the control condition following completion of DEFUSE confirmed significant improvement on four of the measures and marginal significance on the fifth. Participant responses to BPAD video vignettes revealed significant differences in objective behavioral proficiency for those participants who completed the online course. DEFUSE is a powerful tool for training law enforcement on mental illness and effective strategies for intervening in mental health crises. Considerations for future study are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Counseling Psychology 2017

This study aimed to investigate the use of expressive art as a manifestation of the unconscious psyche and as an indication of underlying personality dynamics. Its use as a significant medium for therapeutic encounter and exploration was investigated by analysing the art produced by four psychiatric in-patients during their participation in an eight-week art therapy programme. Each patient's art series was qualitatively and thematically interpreted with a focus upon the meaning of significant recurring images and motifs. The results of this study indicate that the particularity of each patient's graphic imagery enabled the lived experience of their struggles and preoccupations to emerge as uniquely different. Through their art productions they revealed the nature of their inner worlds and the power of their thoughts, feelings and experiences.

abstract: Both law and medicine are interpretive practices, and both systems have historically worked in tandem, however ineffectively or tumultuously. The law is, by social mandate, imagined as a "fixed" system of social control, made up of rules and procedures grounded in a reality that is independent of language; although we know that law is both revised and interpreted every day in courtroom practice, to imagine the law, the system that keeps bad people behind bars and good people safe, as indeterminate or, worse, fallible, produces social anxieties that upend our cultural assumptions about fairness that predate our judicial system. This imaginary stability, then, is ultimately what prevents the legal system from evolving in consonance with developments in the mental health professions, as inadequate as that discursive system may be for describing and categorizing the infinite possibilities of mental illness, specifically where it is relevant to the commission of a crime. Ultimately, the insanity plea raises the specter of the endless interpretability of the law and mental illness and, therefore, the frailty of the justice system, which makes each insanity defense trial emblematic of larger social anxieties about social control, fairness, and susceptibility to mental illness or the actions of mentally ill people. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. English 2014

Orientador: Lúcia Helena Reily / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T04:58:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_JoseOtavioMottaPompeue_D.pdf: 112510643 bytes, checksum: 9dcf244570154a5417b20080aed28522 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa discute a teoria e a técnica da terapêutica ocupacional da psiquiatra Nise da Silveira, pioneira no Brasil no estudo das atividades expressivas, artísticas e de atividade como meio de terapia em pessoas com doença mental. Defende-se a tese que ela criou a sua própria terapêutica ocupacional ao invés de se filiar a alguma escola de terapia ocupacional já existente. Busca-se neste estudo reconstruir a trajetória de Nise da Silveira e encontrar evidências que recuperem seu modo de estudo e prática da terapêutica ocupacional. A metodologia utilizada é a qualitativa e privilegia as fontes primárias. Destacaram-se para análise duas fontes: uma entrevista concedida a pesquisadora Dulce Pandolfi em 1992 utilizando a história oral para reconstruir parte de sua trajetória e um filme inédito de 1986 feito pelo cineasta Leon Hirszman em que a psiquiatra discute as questões ligadas à reforma psiquiátrica e a terapêutica ocupacional/ "emoção de lidar". Além de entrevistas, foram analisados artigos de jornais e material escrito da psiquiatra. A pesquisa apoia-se em uma iconologia que mostra Nise da Silveira e a terapêutica ocupacional desenvolvida por ela. Outro ponto importante deste trabalho foi explicitar a própria metodologia de pesquisa utilizada por ela, bem como aproximar-se do seu pensamento por meio do estudo da sua biblioteca e os autores que ela escolhe para fundamentar sua teoria sobre a terapêutica ocupacional com ênfase nas atividades expressivas. A discussão biográfica e de sua produção escrita pontua que Nise da Silveira estudou e praticou terapia ocupacional no Brasil, dez anos antes de termos o primeiro curso reconhecido nos textos atuais da história desta profissão. Esta pesquisa contribui para a interseção das áreas de artes plásticas e de terapia ocupacional. Conclui-se que Nise da Silveira, além de várias outras áreas em que atuou, deixou um legado significativo para o diálogo entre campos como arte e saúde considerando principalmente o atendimento de pessoas com sofrimento mental / Abstract: This study discusses Nise da Silveira's theoretical approach and her occupational therapy technique. This psychiatrist was a pioneer in the study of expressive, artistic and work activities as a means of therapy for people with mental illness. I defend the thesis that Silveira created her own brand of occupational therapy, rather than seeking affiliation to an already existing occupational therapy school of thought. In this study I aim to reconstruct Nise da Silveira's trajectory and find evidence that recovers the way in which she studied and practiced in occupational therapy. The main sources of discourse that were analyzed included an interview given to Dulce Pandolfi in 1992 using the oral history method to reconstruct part of her trajectory and an unfinished film that Leon Hirszman produced in 1986 in which Nise da Silveira discussed issues related to psychiatry reform and occupational therapy / "emotion of coping". Besides the interviews, Nise da Silveira left various articles in journals, published books and many other manuscripts which were read and analyzed. This study uses iconology to present Nise da Silveira and the occupational therapy that she developed. Another important issue was to make her research methodology explicit, as well as to understand her thinking by looking at her library and chosen authors that underlie her theoretical stance on occupational therapy and on expressive arts activities. The discussion of biographical information and of her written production highlights that Nise da Silveira studied and practiced occupational therapy in Brazil ten years before the first university level course had been recognized, according to present day texts on the history of the profession. This study contributes towards the intersection of the fields of visual arts and occupational therapy. The conclusion is that Nise da Silveira, who crossed into various fields of knowledge, left a significant heritage to enable dialogue between professionals in the fields of art and health, primarily for the benefit of services for people with mental suffering / Doutorado / Artes Visuais / Doutor em Artes

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa är vanligt förekommande och står för den största ökningen i sjukfrånvaro. Med stor sannolikhet kommer sjuksköterskor att möta dessa personer med psykisk ohälsa i sitt yrke. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva sjuksköterskors attityder mot personer med psykisk ohälsa och vad som påverkar dessa attityder samt hur undersökningsgruppen beskrivs i de utvalda artiklarna. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie. Tio artiklar inkluderades i studien varav nio stycken kvantitativa och en kvalitativ. Artiklarna hämtades från sökdatabaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Huvudresultat: I resultatet framkom att många sjuksköterskor påvisade positiva attityder till personer med psykisk ohälsa men också negativa attityder. De negativa attityderna kan bero på kunskapsbrist eller brist på klinisk erfarenhet. I resultatet framkom även vilka faktorer som kan påverka. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor behöver mer kunskap och klinisk erfarenhet angående psykisk ohälsa för att nå samförstånd med patienten i omvårdnadssituationen. / Background: Mental illness is commonplace and accounts for the largest increase in sick leave. In all likelihood, nurses will meet these people with mental illness in their profession. Aim: The purpose is to describe the attitudes of nurses towards persons with mental illness and what affects these attitudes and how the research group is described in the selected articles Method: A descriptive literature study. Ten articles were included in the study, nine of which were quantitative and one qualitative. The articles were retrieved from the search databases CINAHL and PubMed. Result: The outcome shows that many nurses demonstrated positive attitudes to people with mental health but also negative attitudes. The negative attitudes may be due to lack of knowledge or lack of clinical experience. The results also revealed what factors can affect. Conclusion: Nurses needs more knowledge and clinical experience about mental illness in order to reach a consensus with the patient in the nursing situation

According to the Social Services Act relatives have a fundamental right to receive support that facilitates the care of their related. In Sweden 1,3 million people regularly nurture, support and assist a related. With their knowledge and experience the relatives therefore plays an important role in the life of the related. Previous research shows that relatives take a lot of responsibility and feel left to themselves in the care of their related (Ali, 2013). The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of how relatives caring for a related with mental disorders experience their everyday lives. A qualitative approach was used and a total of four interviews were conducted with relatives between the ages of 25-35. The analysis of the results revealed three themes with six subcategories. The results were analyzed on the theoretical concepts of normality, resilience, coping and the theories stigma and identity along with previous research. The results show that relatives of people with mental illness early realized that the related parties state in relation to other adults were different. While some relatives had a fear of becoming infected with the same mental illness as their related, the other experienced that they were labeled as diseased only by association. Relatives had during their childhood a great desire to be normal. In the care of their loved one the relatives had to take a responsibility that many times perceived as inevitable. By accepting the related parties mental illness, there was a fear among the relatives that it normalized the related parties illness. Finally, we make recommendations to the social work practice that relatives is a large group that should not be ignored. Active social workers need to a greater extent seize the relatives experiences and thus respond to the relatives need for support. / Enligt Socialtjänstlagen har anhöriga som grundläggande rätt att få stöd som underlättar vården av deras närstående. I Sverige vårdar, hjälper och stödjer över 1,3 miljoner människor regelbundet en närstående (Socialstyrelsen, 2015). Med sina kunskaper och erfarenheter spelar därför  anhöriga en viktig roll i den närståendes liv. Tidigare forskning visar  att anhöriga får ta ett stort ansvar och känner sig lämnade till sig själva i vården av sin närstående (Ali, 2013). Syftet med denna studie är att få en ökad förståelse kring hur anhöriga som vårdar närstående med psykisk ohälsa upplever sin vardag. En kvalitativ metod har använts och totalt fyra intervjuer genomfördes med anhöriga mellan 25-35 år. I analysen av resultatet framkom tre teman med sex underkategorier. Resultatet analyserades utifrån begreppen normalitet, resilience, coping och teorierna stigmatisering och identitet tillsammans med tidigare forskning. Studiens resultat visar att anhöriga till personer med psykisk ohälsa tidigt förstod att den närståendes tillstånd i relation till andra vuxna människor var annorlunda. Medan en del anhöriga hade en rädsla över att bli smittade med samma psykiska sjukdom som sin närstående, upplevde majoriteten att de blev stämplade som sjuka enbart genom association. Anhöriga hade under sin uppväxt en stor önskan om att få vara normal. I vården av sin närstående har anhöriga många gånger fått ta ett ofrånkomligt ansvar. Genom att acceptera den närståendes psykiska ohälsa, fanns det en rädsla bland de anhöriga om att de normaliserade den närståendes sjukdom. Slutligen ger författarna rekommendationer till det sociala arbetets praktik om att anhöriga är en stor grupp som inte bör ignoreras. Verksamma socialarbetare behöver i en större omfattning ta vara på anhörigas upplevelser och därmed bemöta den anhöriges behov av stöd.

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa är ett utbrett och växande problem i samhället. Människor med psykisk sjukdom möts ofta av negativa och skeptiska attityder i såväl samhället som i vården. I den dagliga verksamheten möter sjuksköterskor patienter med psykisk sjukdom såväl i den somatiska som i den psykiatriska vården och det ingår i sjuksköterskans profession att behandla alla patienter på lika villkor. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors attityder gentemot patienter med psykisk sjukdom. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt har skapats för att belysa sjuksköterskors attityder gentemot patienter med psykisk sjukdom. Resultatet baserades på tio vetenskapliga artiklar, två kvalitativa och åtta kvantitativa, vilka hämtades från databaserna CINAHL Complete och PubMed. Samtliga artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och resultatanalyserades. Resultat: Denna litteraturöversikt visar att sjuksköterskorna uttryckte främst positiva men även negativa attityder gentemot patienter med psykisk sjukdom. Utbildning och erfarenhet visade sig vara de faktorer som främst hade betydelse för sjuksköterskornas attityder men även organisationen, vårdklimatet, åldern och genus, hade betydelse på olika sätt. Diskussion: Ökad kunskap i form av utbildning och erfarenhet, kan förbättra sjuksköterskors attityder och därmed även bemötandet av patienter. I enlighet med resultaten förefaller det finnas ett behov för sjuksköterskor av mer utbildning gällande psykiska sjukdomar, hanteringsstrategier för svåra situationer samt även möjligheter till självreflektion. / Background: Mental illness is a widespread and growing problem in society. People living with mental illness are often met with negative and skeptical attitudes in society as well as by health care professionals. In their daily working lives, nurse meet patients with mental illness in both somatic and psychiatric care and it is the nurses’ duty to care for all patients on equal terms. Aim: The aim was to highlight the attitudes of nurses towards patients with mental illness. Method: A general literature review has been performed to highlight the attitudes of nurses towards patients with mental illness. The result is based on ten scientific articles, two of which are qualitative and eight quantitative, retrieved from the databases CINAHL Complete and PubMed. All of the articles were reviewed according to quality. Results: This literature review shows that nurses expressed primarily positive but also negative attitudes towards patients with mental illness. Education and experience proved to be the factors that were primarily relevant to nurses´ attitudes but also organization, healthcare climate, age and gender had significance in various ways. Discussion: Increased knowledge in the form of education and experience, can improve the attitudes of nurses and, consequently, the treatment of patients. According to the results, there seems to a need for nurses for more education regarding mental illness, management strategies for difficult situations and opportunities for self- reflection.