This research examined the language used by higher education development professionals, specifically similar and dissimilar tropes and how they shape the perception of those development professionals. By studying these linguistic devices, insight is provided into this particular occupation and the effects these devices have on perceptions and interpretation. The findings in this study could help to produce more skilled communicators in the field and could be used as a framework to study other professional positions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data from twelve participants, and the data was then analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings revealed the types of metaphors used by higher education fundraisers and if and how they shaped their perceptions of the profession. Findings also showed what contradictions, paradoxes, and ironies are found in the field and if and how they shaped perceptions of the profession. This study applies theoretical aspects of organizational communication to the field of higher education development presenting new data. This study also provides practical implications for those currently in the field to consider.

This research focused on the metaphor of space as used by Afrikaans female poets in South Africa in the period 1994-2005, both space as an environment and as an abstract space in which the poets find themselves. In this period, South Africa got a new democratic dispensation and women were de-marginalised. As a background to the study, a brief overview was given of the work of various Afrikaans poetesses, but the main focus was on the work of two contemporary poetesses, namely Use van Staden and Wilma Stockenstrom, to observe whether the new role of women in society is reflected in the work of these two poetesses. In the study, the theory of Pierre Bourdieu, a French culture-sociologist, was used, namely that no text is ever "free", but that there is a close relation between text and context. Because only the work of female writers was studied in this research, and because the poetesses give a voice to the spatiality of women, theories of feminism as well as postcolonialism were also involved in the study. The spatial metaphors in the texts of the poetesses were also analysed, because they use metaphors to portray their spatiality. These spatial metaphors also lead to the exploitation of other relevant themes. In the investigation of the representation of spatial metaphors used by Afrikaans poetesses, and in particular Use van Staden and Wilma Stockenstrom, it was found that the spaces in which women find themselves play a prominent role in their lives. It was also observed that there is disharmony between poetesses and the spaces in which they find themselves. This research found that women have been de-marginalised and that the patriarchal system has been crossed, and that this phenomenon is being portrayed by the work of female poets who give a voice to the women of this country and portray the many facets of female experience. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Computer applications can be described as largely rigid structures within which an information seeker must navigate in search of information - each screen, each transaction having underlying unique code. The larger the application, the higher the number of lines of code and the larger the size of the application executable. This study suggests an alternative pattern based approach, an approach driven by the information seeker. This alternative approach makes use of value embedded in intelligent patterns to assemble rules and logic constituents, numerous patterns aggregating to form a "virtual screen" based on the need of the information seeker. Once the information need is satisfied, the atomic rules and logic constituents dissipate and return to a base state. These same constituents are available, are reassembled and form the succeeding "virtual screen" to satisfy the following request. Metaphors are used to introduce current information solutions, where events are initiated and driven by physical constructs built using monolithic instruction sets. The metaphor approach is then expanded, illustrating how metaphors can be used to communicate an understanding between two likeminded intellects - this illustrates how spatial artifacts are used to carry intellectual value across the intellectual divide, from the one (intellectual source) to the other (intellectual target). At this point, the pattern based concept is introduced. This is where value, an intellectual appreciation hidden within spatiality, can be exploited towards the delivery of information. The pattern based approach makes use of multiple pattern "instances" to deliver functionality - each pattern instance has a specific embedded value. Numbers of these patterns aggregate to drive the formation of a "virtual screen" built using patterns, each pattern referencing and associating (physical) atomic logic and spatial constituents. This is analogous to painting a picture using removable dots. The dots can be used to describe a fish, and then, once appreciation has been completed, the image is destroyed and the dots are returned to the palette. These same dots can later be reapplied to present the picture of a dog, if that is requested by the information seeker. In both pictures the same "dots" are applied and reused. The form of the fish and dog are retained as value embedded within the patterns, the dots are building blocks aligned using instructions within the patterns. This study classifies existing application solutions as belonging to the Artifact-Pattern-Artifact (APA) group, and the pattern based approach belonging to the Pattern-Artifact-Pattern (PAP) group. An overview and the characteristics of each are presented. The document concludes by presenting the results obtained when using a prototype developed using the PAP approach. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Information Technology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.

This research focused on the metaphor of space as used by Afrikaans female poets in South Africa in the period 1994-2005, both space as an environment and as an abstract space in which the poets find themselves. In this period, South Africa got a new democratic dispensation and women were de-marginalised. As a background to the study, a brief overview was given of the work of various Afrikaans poetesses, but the main focus was on the work of two contemporary poetesses, namely Use van Staden and Wilma Stockenstrom, to observe whether the new role of women in society is reflected in the work of these two poetesses. In the study, the theory of Pierre Bourdieu, a French culture-sociologist, was used, namely that no text is ever "free", but that there is a close relation between text and context. Because only the work of female writers was studied in this research, and because the poetesses give a voice to the spatiality of women, theories of feminism as well as postcolonialism were also involved in the study. The spatial metaphors in the texts of the poetesses were also analysed, because they use metaphors to portray their spatiality. These spatial metaphors also lead to the exploitation of other relevant themes. In the investigation of the representation of spatial metaphors used by Afrikaans poetesses, and in particular Use van Staden and Wilma Stockenstrom, it was found that the spaces in which women find themselves play a prominent role in their lives. It was also observed that there is disharmony between poetesses and the spaces in which they find themselves. This research found that women have been de-marginalised and that the patriarchal system has been crossed, and that this phenomenon is being portrayed by the work of female poets who give a voice to the women of this country and portray the many facets of female experience. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

This study indented to explore preservice elementary and secondary science teacher&rsquo / s perception of their professional roles and investigate their reasons of choosing teaching as a profession. To explore the perception of professional roles, metaphorical images were also used as a tool. The present study was conducted during the spring semester of 2004-2005 academic year with a total number of 441 (n=287 females / n=153 males and n=1 gender not provided) senior preservice elementary and secondary science teachers who enrolled in the elementary science and secondary science (biology, physics and chemistry) teacher education programs of three different universities in Ankara. Data were collected utilizing a questionnaire developed by Saban (2003) composed of five basic sections which investigates the participant&rsquo / s perception of teaching as a profession and their roles in instruction process and reasons of choosing teaching as a profession. Data of the present study were analyzed utilizing descriptive and inferential statistics. Analysis of the data showed that preservice teachers perceive their roles mostly with student-centered metaphors and define their selves as pedagogical expert who fosters student&rsquo / s social, emotional, and moral growth. Besides, most of the preservice teachers have altruistic reasons to choose teaching as a profession.

Why are there individual differences in people&amp / #8217 / s bodily communication performance success? Which variables may be responsible for the variation in the performance success? Which analogies would appear to dominate in bodily communication, and in what ways would the metaphorization and metonymization processes operate? In this study, the relationship of bodily communication performance with cognitive and personality variables was investigated. 218 students participated to the first phase of the study while 88 of them participated to the second phase of it. In the first phase, a set of tests was given successively to determine the levels of certain cognitive and personality variables. In the experimental setting, the participants were instructed to communicate certain words one by one nonverbally just as in the &amp / #8216 / Silent Movie&amp / #8217 / game. The stability of bodily communication expectancy ratings, the factor structure of bodily communication performance and the frequency of the ways of representation for each word were analyzed. Interrater reliability analysis, third eye analysis and case studies were conducted / the unsuccessful representations were described and finally, structural equation modeling results were presented. The theories and research on personality and cognition, metaphors, metonymies, analogies, bodily representations, mind-reading, pragmatics and the notion of relevance were reviewed in the dissertation and after the exposition of the strategies, schemata and scripts employed in the experiments, a model of bodily communication was proposed aiming to integrate the manifold aspects of bodily communication.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 781138 bytes, checksum: 8dd23a0778fccaa956819e20f940f784 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The metaphorical constructions, in its majority, stop a certain cognitive value for partner-cultural factors. This idea is overcoming, linguistically, the notion that such constructions are considered, just, literary decorations. With the objective of discussing those subjects and of analyzing the metaphorical constructions to the institution "school", this study considers, among other theoretical ones, the ideas of Lakoff and Jonshon (1980;2002). The hypothesis the idea that such constructions are metaphors conceptuais that, for his/her time, they characterize Social Representations in the vision of Moscovici (1978; 2003). For so much, were analyzed 85 texts produced by trainees of the course of Pedagogy of the Federal University of Paraíba act in a Project of Pedagogic Support addressed students of the Fundamental Teaching of municipal public schools. The analysis of the metaphorical updatings starteds the texts allowed to prove that the experiences lived at the institution "school" are characterized by metaphors conceptuais that are Social Representations of systemic base, so much current of the literal sense of that term as "physical space", as of abstract experiences, when it prevails, in those texts, the idea that the "school" is a space of hope. / As construções metafóricas, em sua maioria, detêm um valor cognitivo determinado por fatores sócio-culturais. Essa ideia vem superando, linguisticamente, a noção de que construções dessa natureza sejam consideradas, apenas, enfeites literários. Com o objetivo de discutir essas questões e de analisar as construções metafóricas para a instituição escola , este estudo considera, entre outros teóricos, as ideias de Lakoff e Jonshon (1980; 2002). Tem como hipótese a afirmação de que tais construções são metáforas conceptuais que, por sua vez, caracterizam Representações Sociais na visão de Moscovici (1978; 2003). Para tanto, foram analisadas 85 produções textuais de estagiários(as) do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba que atuam em um Projeto de Apoio Pedagógico direcionado a alunos do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas municipais. A análise das atualizações metafóricas identificadas nesses textos permitiu comprovar que as experiências vivenciadas na instituição escola são caracterizadas por metáforas conceptuais veiculadoras de Representações Sociais de base sistêmica, decorrentes tanto do sentido literal desse termo, como espaço físico , quanto de experiências abstratas, quando prevalece, nesses produtos verbais, a ideia de que a escola é um espaço de esperança.

This study explores uses of metaphor and metonymy related to the concept of anger in the American television series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles from 2012. The theoretical framework of the study is Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The data consists of metaphors and metonymies in the verbal and the pictorial mode. The pictorial data are visual expressions of the type called pictorial runes. In both modes, the underlying conceptual metaphors are identified, and the results are then compared between modes. The main finding is that the verbal mode contains a greater variety of metaphorical expressions. Explanations suggested for differences found between modes are: different technical possibilities of the two modes; universality in the pictorial mode and language specific metaphors as well as universal ones in the verbal mode; a connection of pictorial and verbal data respectively to different genres within the series; and the different narrator roles between the two modes.

La fiction, bien plutôt que de relever d'une illusion, stérile et dangereuse, engendrée par une imagination trop souvent réduite à n'être que la « folle du logis» par la tradition rationaliste de la philosophie, ne montre-t-elle pas toute sa pertinence et sa fécondité dans le double domaine de l'esthétique et de l'épistémologie, que ce soit, par exemple, dans le jeu paradoxal du comédien ou dans la métaphorisation du réel par le chercheur scientifique, qui s'alimentent, tous deux, à la source d'une mimésis où s'originent toute connaissance comme toute action humaines ? Mais la fiction ne trouve et ne prouve toute son ampleur théorique et pratique que d'être inscrite dans une « philosophie du comme si », dont la véritable filiation est à rechercher dans un kantisme élargi plutôt que dans l'orthodoxie pragmatiste. Ce fictionalisme, qui permet à l'esprit humain de se déprendre de ses habitudes conceptuelles en faisant primer l'intuition poïétique sur l'intelligence technique, ne peut lui-même faire son œuvre que d'être ancré en une philosophie de l'absurde qui, bien loin de réduire « l'homme absurde» au désespoir, en appelle à une décision existentielle de (c l'âme active» qui ré-éveille le génie qui sommeille en chaque homme à l'exigence d'une existence soucieuse de lucidité et de responsabilité, pour soi-même et les autres comme pour le monde. / Does not fiction, rather than arising from a sterile and dangerous illusion, engendered by a creative faculty that is too often reduced by the rationalist tradition in philosophy to nothing more than "an overactive imagination", reveal ail of its relevance and fecundity in the dual domain of esthetics and epistemology - for example in the paradoxical performance of an actor or the metaphorisation of the real by a scientific researcher, both of which draw from the source of a mimesis in which ail knowledge and ail human actions originate ? But the full theoretical and practical scope of fiction can only be found and proven when it is situated within a "philosophy of the as if, whose true filiation is to be found in a broadened Kantianism rather than in the pragmatist orthodoxy. Such a fictionalism, which allows the human mind to free itself from its conceptual habits by stressing intuition over technical intelligence, can itself do its work only by being rooted in a philosophy of the absurd which, far from reducing "the absurd man" to despair, calls for an existential decision of the "active soul" which re-awakens the spirit that lies dormant in each human individual to the demands of an existence mindful of lucidity an responsibility, for oneself and for others as for the world.