Within the set of all vehicle crashes that occur annually, of intersection-related crashes are over-represented. The research conducted here uses an empirical approach to study driver behavior at intersections, in a naturalistic paradigm. A data-mining algorithm was used to aggregate the data from two different naturalistic databases to obtain instances of unprotected turns at the same intersection. Several dependent variables were analyzed which included visual entropy, mean-duration of glances to locations in the driver's view, gap-acceptance/rejection time. Kinematic dependent variables include peak/average speed, and peak longitudinal and lateral acceleration. Results indicated that visual entropy and peak speed differs amongst drivers of the three age-groups (older, middle-age, teens) in the presence of traffic in the intersecting streams while negotiating a left turn. Although not significant, but approaching significance, were differences in gap acceptance times, with the older driver accepting larger gaps compared to the younger teen drivers. Significant differences were observed for peak speed and average speed during a left turn, with younger drivers exhibiting higher values for both. Overall, this research has resulted in contribution towards two types of engineering application. Firstly, the analyses of traffic levels, gap acceptance, and gap non-acceptance represented exploratory efforts, ones that ventured into new areas of technical content, using newly available naturalistic driving data. Secondly, the findings from this thesis are among the few that can be used to inform the further development, refinement, and testing of technology (and training) solutions intended to assist drivers in making successful turns and avoiding crashes at intersections. / Master of Science

Afrikaans text / Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie te gebruik in die identifisering van 'n middeljarekrisis by middeljariges. Met die oog hierop is daar hoofsaaklik op die volgende gekonsentreer: Die middeljare as fenomeen, met spesifieke verwysing na die belewing van krisis­ elemente tydens hierdie lewensfase, wat op 'n middeljarekrisis sou kon dui Die gebruik van die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie as gefundeerde teoretiese vertrekpunt in die identifisering van 'n middeljarekrisis Die daarstel van •n diagnostiese vraelys binne die raamwerk van die Opvoedkundig- Sielkundige Relasieteorie wat in die empiriese studie gebruik is om 'n middeljarekrisis te identifiseer Daar is bevind dat, aJhoewel nie aile middeljariges 'n krisistydperk ervaar nie, daar tien verskillende krisis-elemente is wat op 'n middeljarekrisis sou kon dui. 'n Diagnostiese vraelys is in terme van die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie veroperasionaliseer, en gebruik in die identifisering van 'n middeljarekrisis. / The aim of this study was to use the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory in the identification of a midlife crisis in middle aged persons. The researcher concentrated on the following main aspects: The middle years as phenomenon, with specific reference to the experience of crisis - elements during this life phase, which could lead to a crisis The use of the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory as well-grounded theoretical point of departure in the identification of a midlife crisis The compilation of a diagnostic questionnaireusing the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory as framework, which was used in the empirical study to identify a midlife crisis It was found that, although not all middle aged persons experience a crisis during this time, there are ten different crisis elements which could indicate a midlife crisis. A diagnostic questionnaire was operationalised in terms of the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory, and used in the identification of a midlife crisis. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

Afrikaans text / Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie te gebruik in die identifisering van 'n middeljarekrisis by middeljariges. Met die oog hierop is daar hoofsaaklik op die volgende gekonsentreer: Die middeljare as fenomeen, met spesifieke verwysing na die belewing van krisis­ elemente tydens hierdie lewensfase, wat op 'n middeljarekrisis sou kon dui Die gebruik van die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie as gefundeerde teoretiese vertrekpunt in die identifisering van 'n middeljarekrisis Die daarstel van •n diagnostiese vraelys binne die raamwerk van die Opvoedkundig- Sielkundige Relasieteorie wat in die empiriese studie gebruik is om 'n middeljarekrisis te identifiseer Daar is bevind dat, aJhoewel nie aile middeljariges 'n krisistydperk ervaar nie, daar tien verskillende krisis-elemente is wat op 'n middeljarekrisis sou kon dui. 'n Diagnostiese vraelys is in terme van die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie veroperasionaliseer, en gebruik in die identifisering van 'n middeljarekrisis. / The aim of this study was to use the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory in the identification of a midlife crisis in middle aged persons. The researcher concentrated on the following main aspects: The middle years as phenomenon, with specific reference to the experience of crisis - elements during this life phase, which could lead to a crisis The use of the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory as well-grounded theoretical point of departure in the identification of a midlife crisis The compilation of a diagnostic questionnaireusing the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory as framework, which was used in the empirical study to identify a midlife crisis It was found that, although not all middle aged persons experience a crisis during this time, there are ten different crisis elements which could indicate a midlife crisis. A diagnostic questionnaire was operationalised in terms of the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory, and used in the identification of a midlife crisis. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

<p>This is a study of martial material culture in the context of the Viking Age warrior of Birka, Sweden. The aim is to establish the role, function and affiliation of the Birka warrior and thereby place Birka on the power-political map of the 10th century. The study is based on the excavations of the fortified structures, particularly the Garrison, at the trading post of Birka as well as the extensive remains of material culture deriving from these investigations. A starting hypothesis is that an analysis of material culture constitutes a way of mapping social structures and that style and iconography reflect cultural groups, contacts and loyalties.</p><p>Based on the case studies of six papers, the synthesis deals with questions of the work and world view of the warriors, as too their relation to their contemporary counterparts in eastern and western Europe. Questions are raised concerning the value and function of symbols in a martial context where material culture reflects rank, status and office. In defining the Birka warrior’s particular stylistic expression, a tool is created and used in the search for contacts and affiliations reflected through the distribution patterns. The results show close contacts with the eastern trading posts located on the rivers Volga and Dnjepr in Ancient Russia.</p><p>It is stated that these Rus’ trading posts, essentially inhabited by Northmen, shared a common cultural expression that was maintained throughout a vast area by exceptionally close contacts. It is suggested that a particular stylistic expression developed in these Rus’ trading places containing elements of mainly Scandinavian, Steppe nomadic and Byzantine origin.</p><p>In conclusion, the results of this thesis show that the warriors from Birka’s Garrison had a share in the martial development of contemporary Europe but with their own particular traits. Close relations with the eastern trade route and contact with the powerful Byzantine Empire were enjoyed. As a pointer for future research, it is wondered what organisational form the close-knit structure of the Rus’ trading posts actually took, keeping the subsequent guilds of medieval Europe in mind. The fall of the Garrison, as of Birka, corresponds with the establishment of Christianity in the region. Such changes were not limited to Central Sweden but part of a greater process where a new political structure was developing, better anchored in local concerns.</p>

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The thesis concentrates on Latin influence on North Germanic languages, especially on Norwegian. First part deals with this topic from sociolinguistic point of view: relationship between Latin and domestic languages in Middle Ages, discerning contexts, where Latin was used, emphasizing the role of church, schools and literature. Second part concentrates on concrete examples of Latin influence, persisting to the modern times, especially loanwords, prefixes and suffixes, irregular declension, idioms. Original research concentrates on Norwegian letters from Middle Age, in Diplomatarium Norwegicum. Research about numbers of Latin letters and letters in domestic language, according to topic and time, in comparison with similar informations from Denmark and Sweden.

Buscando compreender a vivência do climatério realizei pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem fenomenológica. As entrevistas foram realizadas com sete mulheres, entre 48 e 55 anos de idade, que apresentaram menopausa espontânea. Para desvelar a essência do fenômeno ser mulher vivenciando o climatério elaborei a questão norteadora: Fale-me, como é para você estar vivenciando o climatério? Dos depoimentos emergiram as Unificações Ontológicas: percebendo mudanças no seu corpo, vivenciando sentimentos de ambigüidade, conscientizando-se do mundo por meio do corpo no tempo e no espaço, refletindo sobre a sexualidade e reconhecendo novas maneiras de co-existir no mundo, que foram analisadas e interpretadas à luz do referencial teórico filosófico de Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Os resultados do estudo culminaram na elaboração de pressupostos para a pesquisa, o ensino e a assistência à mulher climatérica, que vão além do biológico, contemplando a dimensão humana existencial. UNITERMOS:Assistência de enfermagem. Climatério. Menopausa. Meia-idade. Saúde da mulher. Fenomenologia. / Trying to understand the climacteric experience, I have accomplished qualitative survey of phenomenological approach. The interviews were accomplished with seven women, aged between 48 and 55, who have presented spontaneous menopause. In order to unveil the essence of the phenomenon "being woman experiencing the climacteric", I have prepared the guiding question: Tell me, how it sounds to you to be living the climacteric? Ontological Unifications arose from the testimonies: realizing changes in her body, experiencing feelings of ambiguity, becoming aware of the body in space and time, bethinking about the sexuality and recognizing new ways to co-exist in the world, which were analyzed and interpreted under the light of Maurice Merleau-Ponty's philosophical theoretical referential. The results of the study have culminated in the elaboration of presuppositions for the survey, the teaching and support to the climacteric woman, that go beyond the biological, contemplating the existential human dimension.

Le développement des comptabilités monastiques au XIIIe et au début du XIVe siècle s’inscrit dans le phénomène d’essor de l’écrit qui accompagne les transformations sociales du Moyen Âge central. Les comptes du prieuré cathédral de Norwich se décomposent en plusieurs séries de comptes manoriaux – les comptes des domaines – et de comptes d’obédienciers – les comptes « domestiques » - qui permettent, à travers une analyse fine de l’organisation et de l’évolution des comptes, d’étudier la façon dont le recours au nouveau medium de l’écrit a catalysé une formalisation et une désambiguïsation des termes de la comptabilité et, à travers cela, a contribué à la naissance d’une pensée comptable. Le rôle de la hiérarchie ecclésiastique dans la diffusion et l’imposition de normes comptables a été réévalué, ainsi que la spécificité des pratiques monastiques, influencées par le développement concomitant de la fiscalité royale et pontificale sur les revenus monastiques. Enfin, tout au long du XIIIe et de la première moitié du XIVe siècle, les moines élaborent différents types de calculs agricoles permettant de contrôler les pratiques des officiers manoriaux à travers une meilleure connaissance des valeurs de l’agriculture. Le développement de ces valeurs reflète une logique économique médiévale, qui repose sur la comparaison entre des valeurs réelles et des valeurs de référence. La notion de valeur est centrale, à la fois pour la comptabilité seigneuriale et pour le calcul des assiettes fiscales, d’où des transferts notionnels entre les pratiques administratives seigneuriales et la mise en place d’une fiscalité institutionnelle. / The spread of monastic accounting in the 13th and early 14th centuries is one aspect of the development of pragmatic literacy and of the social transformations of the High Middle Ages. The accounts of Norwich Cathedral Priory are series of manorial and obedientiary accounts. The detailed study of their evolution and organisation reflects how the transfer of oral accounts to the written record has stimulated the specification of the field of accounting. The role of the ecclesiastical hierarchy in spreading norms of accounting has been reassessed, as well as the specificity of monastic accounting practices, which were influenced by the simultaneous development of the royal and papal taxation on ecclesiastical income. In the course of the 13th and early 14h centuries, monks have also developed calculations on agriculture which were meant to control manorial officers through a more accurate knowledge of the value of agricultural produce. The development of these calculations and values illustrates a medieval approach to the economy, founded on the comparison of real and ideal values for the produce of agriculture. The notion of value is central to seigniorial administration, but also to taxation and there have been transfers of logics between these fields.