Major changes with regards to digitalization and new customer behaviours have transformed the retail industry in many ways. One of the latest trends in retail is the focus on omnichannel, in order to stay competitive in today's changing market conditions. Omnichannel is about creating a seamless distribution and experience for the customers between channels. These changes that come with digitalization come with strategical and developmental challenges. As well as an increased pressure to work more efficiently and at an accelerated speed to cope with new trends. This can be hard to accomplish, to embark into unknown territory since no organization truly has reached omnichannel. Whilst speed and innovation play a vital part in adapting to new rules of conduct within retail, risk management is still a part of their project management tasks. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how management is working with handling risks that can occur in the transition processes to omnichannel. This thesis is based on a qualitative research design where seven semi-structured interviews have been conducted with managers from various large Swedish retail organizations. The conclusion shows three main themes from the empirical findings, which are the following: Operational risks are more common and manageable than strategical, Depending on project scope; risk assessment and mitigation differs and the diversity and roles of employees.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 3097129 bytes, checksum: 8ed85ce00044ac0edca48d9047de63c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The urban spaces environmental quality is determined by the interaction between the natural elements and the man-made changes to adapt the environment to their physical, social and economic needs. In this context, is inserted the urban climate, result of the dialogic relationship between the morphology of the city, the human activities and the various local and global climate factors. The climate change, characteristic of urban space, causes several damages to most cities by increasing the rigors of local climate. In this sense, the study of urban space, in particular, the research about urban climatology, become fundamental to the search for environmental quality, as well as to achieve the energy efficiency in urban areas. In the city, the use of vegetation is an important strategy for mitigation of the local climate, however, is still unknown the potential of this contribution, requiring studies to evaluate the best ways of its application, in accordance with the morphology of the green space and urban space and the local climatic characteristics. The present study analyzed the extent and the magnitude of the influence of the Buraquinho s Forest, in João Pessoa/ PB, in the climatic characteristics of their surroundings by monitoring the temperature and the air s humidity in winter and summer periods, arranged in three transects in downwind of the forest, total of thirteen points of data collection, one of them located in forest interior. It was observed that among the points considered, in the summer, the averages air temperatures were in general 3°C higher than the winter and the relative humidity 15% lower. The temperature differences between points with higher and lower temperatures were similar in both periods, it was observed the main difference at 13h: 3° C in the winter and 2,8 °C in the summer. It was also discovered that the lowest temperatures were obtained in points located on the edge of the forest, whereas the higher temperatures were found in the farthest points, however, it wasn t possible to identify a linear tendency of temperature increase associated to the increased distance from the forest. / A qualidade ambiental do espaço urbano é determinada pela interação entre os elementos naturais e as transformações artificiais produzidas pelo homem na adaptação do meio às suas necessidades físicas, sociais e econômicas. Neste contexto, insere-se o clima urbano, fruto da relação dialógica entre a morfologia da cidade, as atividades humanas e os diversos fatores climáticos locais e globais. Por sua vez, a alteração climática no espaço urbano ocasiona diversos malefícios para grande parte das cidades ao intensificar os rigores climáticos locais. Neste sentido, o estudo do espaço urbano e, em especial, as pesquisas sobre climatologia urbana, tornam-se fundamentais para a busca da qualidade ambiental, assim como para o alcance da eficiência energética urbana. Na cidade, o uso de vegetação configura-se em uma importante estratégia para amenização climática local, porém, ainda é desconhecido o potencial dessa contribuição, necessitando-se de estudos que avaliem as melhores formas de sua aplicação, de acordo com a morfologia do espaço verde e do espaço urbano e as características climáticas locais. O presente estudo analisou o alcance e magnitude da influência da Mata do Buraquinho, em João Pessoa/ PB, nas características climáticas do seu entorno ao monitorar a temperatura e umidade do ar nos períodos de inverno e verão, em três transectos dispostos a sotavento da mata, totalizando treze pontos de coleta, sendo um deles localizado em seu interior. Observou-se que entre os pontos analisados, no período de verão, as temperaturas médias do ar foram em geral 3ºC superiores as de inverno e a umidade relativa do ar 15% inferior. As diferenças de temperatura entre pontos com maior e menor temperatura foram semelhantes nos dois períodos, observando-se a maior divergência às 13h, sendo 3°C no inverno e 2,8°C no verão. Constatou-se também, que as menores temperaturas foram obtidas nos pontos localizados na borda da mata, enquanto as maiores temperaturas foram encontradas nos pontos mais afastados, porém não foi possível identificar uma tendência linear de aumento de temperatura relacionada ao aumento do distanciamento da mata.

Este trabalho aborda a avaliação de impactos ambientais de empreendimentos rodoviários, no âmbito do licenciamento ambiental. As obras rodoviárias geram numerosos impactos ambientais e atualmente ainda existem falhas na gestão ambiental destes projetos, desde a pequena dimensão dada aos aspectos ambientais ainda na fase de planejamento da obra, perpassando por falhas nos estudos ambientais, dificuldades na previsão dos impactos e dimensionamento das medidas preventivas e mitigadoras, pelas rotinas controversas dos processos de licenciamento até o acompanhamento ambiental deficiente. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho visa propor diretrizes e procedimentos para o licenciamento ambiental de rodovias, tendo como base a análise de diferentes projetos rodoviários em licenciamento ambiental federal, localizados no Sul do país. Foram analisados os empreendimentos rodoviários BR 285 (Timbé do Sul/SC – São José dos Ausentes/RS) e BR 386 (Tabaí/RS – Estrela/RS), por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, com revisão teórica e documental. Ao final da análise foram apresentadas propostas de medidas preventivas e mitigadoras sistematizadas às etapas de instalação e operação de empreendimentos rodoviários, além dos estudos ambientais necessários ao licenciamento ambiental, de acordo com as tipologias pavimentação, implantação e duplicação de rodovias. Foram elaborados roteiros orientativos para o licenciamento de obras de apoio e para a escolha dos Programas Ambientais mais adequados às diferentes fases do projeto e diferentes tipologias de obras rodoviárias. Concluiu-se o trabalho com diretrizes básicas para os processos de licenciamento ambiental e de avaliação de impactos ambientais de rodovias. Para o processo de licenciamento: tramitação eletrônica do processo de licenciamento; licenciamento trifásico com possibilidade de fusão em duas ou uma etapa; criação de padrões para o estabelecimento de condicionantes para as licenças; participação popular em outros momentos do processo, além das audiências públicas; divulgação de impactos positivos e boas práticas adotadas; consulta aos órgãos intervenientes na fase de planejamento; exigência de manutenção de equipe de supervisão ambiental durante toda a fase de obras. Para a avaliação de impactos ambientais: criação de banco de dados nacional compartilhado com informações ambientais de empreendimentos já licenciados; elaboração de um manual de avaliação de impacto ambiental, com regras claras para a elaboração dos estudos ambientais; elaboração de manuais técnicos para temas relacionados ao licenciamento, passíveis de padronização de técnicas e metodologias; criação de roteiro metodológico com critérios para avaliação dos estudos pelos analistas ambientais; limitação do diagnóstico às variáveis ambientais com possibilidade de interagirem com o empreendimento e obrigatoriedade de um Programa de Controle Ambiental para execução durante a paralisação de obras. / This study discusses the environmental impact assessment of highways projects in the context of project licensing. Constructing highways create many environmental impacts and, nowadays, there are still flaws in environmental management of these projects, including the little importance given to environmental aspects in project planning, low quality of environmental impact statements, difficulties in impact prediction and mitigation design, common shortfalls in the project licensing process and, lastly, deficient environmental monitoring. In this context, this study aims to propose guidelines and procedures to improve the project licensing process, based on the analysis of different highways projects under government permitting process, located in southern Brazil. The following highways projects were selected: BR 285 (Timbé do Sul/SC – São José dos Ausentes/RS) and BR 386 (Tabaí/RS – Estrela/RS). The study was based on qualitative research with theoretical and documentary review. At the end of analysis, the proposals were focused on preventive and mitigating measures, considering installation and operation stages of highways projects, in addition to the main issues and statements to be considered in the licensing process, according to the different types of highways projects: paving, implementation and duplication. Some guidelines for the support project licensing were presented, as well as guidelines for the most appropriate environmental programs to be applied along different stages of the projects and to different types of highways projects. The study was completed with basic guidelines for environmental impact assessment and for project licensing of highways projects. Suggestions for project licensing: electronic processing, licensing processes in three phases with possibility of fusing into two or one, creation of standards for constraints imposed in the environmental permit, popular participation in all stages of the process, dissemination of positive impacts and best practices adopted, discussion with government agencies in highway planning moment, mandatory requirement of environmental supervision team throughout the construction phase. Suggestions for environmental impact assessment: creation of a national and shared database with environmental information from already licensed projects, development of environmental impact assessment guideline, with clear rules for the preparation of environmental impact statements, preparation of manuals on issues related to licensing with the possibility of standardization of methodologies and techniques, creation of methodological script with criteria for evaluation of studies by staff members at government agencies in charge of the licensing process, scoping on issues associated with the project (that truly matter), and mandatory requirement of a control program to run during the stoppage of works.

abstract: Cordon pricing strategies attempt to charge motorists for the marginal social costs of driving in heavily congested areas, lure them out of their vehicles and into other modes, and thereby reduce vehicle miles traveled and congestion-related externalities. These strategies are gaining policy-makers` attention worldwide. The benefits and costs of such strategies can potentially lead to a disproportionate and inequitable burden on lower income commuters, particularly those commuters with poor accessibility to alternative modes of transportation. Strategies designed to mitigate the impacts of cordon pricing for disadvantaged travelers, such as discount and exemptions, can reduce the effectiveness of the pricing strategy. Transit improvements using pricing fee revenues are another mitigation strategy, but can be wasteful and inefficient if not properly targeted toward those most disadvantaged and in need. This research examines these considerations and explores the implications for transportation planners working to balance goals of system effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. First, a theoretical conceptual model for analyzing the justice implications of cordon pricing is presented. Next, the Mobility Access and Pricing Study, a cordon pricing strategy examined by the San Francisco County Transportation Authority is analyzed utilizing a neighborhood-level accessibility-based approach. The fee-payment impacts for low-income transportation-disadvantaged commuters within the San Francisco Bay area are examined, utilizing Geographic Information Systems coupled with data from the Longitudinal Employment and Household Dynamics program of the US Census Bureau. This research questions whether the recommended blanket 50% discount for low-income travelers would unnecessarily reduce the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the cordon pricing system. It is proposed that reinvestment of revenue in transportation-improvement projects targeted at those most disproportionately impacted by tolling fees, low-income automobile-dependent peak-period commuters in areas with poor access to alternative modes, would be a more suitable mitigation strategy. This would not only help maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of the cordon pricing system, but would better address income, modal and spatial equity issues. The results of this study demonstrate how the spatial distribution of the toll-payment impacts may burden low-income residents in quite different ways, thereby warranting the inclusion of such analysis in transportation planning and practice. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Environmental Design and Planning 2013

abstract: Urbanization and infrastructure development often brings dramatic changes in the surface and groundwater regimes. These changes in moisture content may be particularly problematic when subsurface soils are moisture sensitive such as expansive soils. Residential foundations such as slab-on ground may be built on unsaturated expansive soils and therefore have to resist the deformations associated with change in moisture content (matric suction) in the soil. The problem is more pronounced in arid and semi arid regions with drying periods followed by wet season resulting in large changes in soil suction. Moisture content change causes volume change in expansive soil which causes serious damage to the structures. In order to mitigate these ill effects various mitigation are adopted. The most commonly adopted method in the US is the removal and replacement of upper soils in the profile. The remove and replace method, although heavily used, is not well understood with regard to its impact on the depth of soil wetting or near-surface differential soil movements. In this study the effectiveness of the remove and replace method is studied. A parametric study is done with various removal and replacement materials used and analyzed to obtain the optimal replacement depths and best material. The depth of wetting and heave caused in expansive soil profile under climatic conditions and common irrigation scenarios are studied for arid regions. Soil suction changes and associated soil deformations are analyzed using finite element codes for unsaturated flow and stress/deformation, SVFlux and SVSolid, respectively. The effectiveness and fundamental mechanisms at play in mitigation of expansive soils for remove and replace methods are studied, and include (1) its role in reducing the depth and degree of wetting, and (2) its effect in reducing the overall heave potential, and (3) the effectiveness of this method in pushing the seat of movement deeper within the soil profile to reduce differential soil surface movements. Various non-expansive replacement layers and different surface flux boundary conditions are analyzed, and the concept of optimal depth and soil is introduced. General observations are made concerning the efficacy of remove and replace as a mitigation method. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Civil and Environmental Engineering 2013

abstract: Global climate change (GCC) is among the most important issues of the 21st century. Adaptation to and mitigation of climate change are some of the salient local and regional challenges scientists, decision makers, and the general public face today and will be in the near future. However, designed adaptation and mitigation strategies do not guarantee success in coping with global climate change. Despite the robust and convincing body for anthropogenic global climate change research and science there is still a significant gap between the recommendations provided by the scientific community and the actual actions by the public and policy makers. In order to design, implement, and generate sufficient public support for policies and planning interventions at the national and international level, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the public's perceptions regarding GCC. Based on survey research in nine countries, the purpose of this study is two-fold: First, to understand the nature of public perceptions of global climate change in different countries; and secondly to identi-fy perception factors which have a significant impact on the public's willingness to sup-port GCC policies or commit to behavioral changes to reduce GHG emissions. Factors such as trust in GCC information which need to be considered in future climate change communication efforts are also dealt with in this dissertation. This study has identified several aspects that need to be considered in future communication programs. GCC is characterized by high uncertainties, unfamiliar risks, and other characteristics of hazards which make personal connections, responsibility and engagement difficult. Communication efforts need to acknowledge these obstacles, build up trust and motivate the public to be more engaged in reducing GCC by emphasizing the multiple benefits of many policies outside of just reducing GCC. Levels of skepticism among the public towards the reality of GCC as well as the trustworthiness and sufficien-cy of the scientific findings varies by country. Thus, communicators need to be aware of their audience in order to decide how educational their program needs to be. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Environmental Design and Planning 2013

abstract: Civil infrastructures are susceptible to damage under the events of natural or manmade disasters. Over the last two decades, the use of emerging engineering materials, such as the fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs), in structural retrofitting have gained significant popularity. However, due to their inherent brittleness and lack of energy dissipation, undesirable failure modes of the FRP-retrofitted systems, such as sudden laminate fracture and debonding, have been frequently observed. In this light, a Carbon-fiber reinforced Hybrid-polymeric Matrix Composite (or CHMC) was developed to provide a superior, yet affordable, solution for infrastructure damage mitigation and protection. The microstructural and micromechanical characteristics of the CHMC was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nanoindentation technique. The mechanical performance, such as damping, was identified using free and forced vibration tests. A simplified analytical model based on micromechanics was developed to predict the laminate stiffness using the modulus profile tested by the nanoindentation. The prediction results were verified by the flexural modulus calculated from the vibration tests. The feasibility of using CHMC to retrofit damaged structural systems was investigated via a series of structural component level tests. The effectiveness of using CHMC versus conventional carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy (CF/ epoxy) to retrofit notch damaged steel beams were tested. The comparison of the test results indicated the superior deformation capacity of the CHMC retrofitted beams. The full field strain distributions near the critical notch tip region were experimentally determined by the digital imaging correlation (DIC), and the results matched well with the finite element analysis (FEA) results. In the second series of tests, the application of CHMC was expanded to retrofit the full-scale fatigue-damaged concrete-encased steel (or SRC) girders. Similar to the notched steel beam tests, the CHMC retrofitted SRC girders exhibited substantially better post-peak load ductility than that of CF/ epoxy retrofitted girder. Lastly, a quasi-static push over test on the CHMC retrofitted reinforced concrete shear wall further highlighted the CHMC's capability of enhancing the deformation and energy dissipating potential of the damaged civil infrastructure systems. Analytical and numerical models were developed to assist the retrofitting design using the newly developed CHMC material. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Civil and Environmental Engineering 2013

abstract: In-band full-duplex relays are envisioned as promising solution to increase the throughput of next generation wireless communications. Full-duplex relays, being able to transmit and receive at same carrier frequency, offers increased spectral efficiency compared to half-duplex relays that transmit and receive at different frequencies or times. The practical implementation of full-duplex relays is limited by the strong self-interference caused by the coupling of relay's own transit signals to its desired received signals. Several techniques have been proposed in literature to mitigate the relay self-interference. In this thesis, the performance of in-band full-duplex multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relays is considered in the context of simultaneous communications and channel estimation. In particular, adaptive spatial transmit techniques is considered to protect the full-duplex radio's receive array. It is assumed that relay's transmit and receive antenna phase centers are physically distinct. This allows the radio to employ adaptive spatial transmit and receive processing to mitigate self-interference. The performance of this protection is dependent upon numerous factors, including channel estimation accuracy, which is the focus of this thesis. In particular, the concentration is on estimating the self-interference channel. A novel approach of simultaneous signaling to estimate the self-interference channel in MIMO full-duplex relays is proposed. To achieve this simultaneous communications and channel estimation, a full-rank pilot signal at a reduced relative power is transmitted simultaneously with a low rank communication waveform. The self-interference mitigation is investigated in the context of eigenvalue spread of spatial relay receive co-variance matrix. Performance is demonstrated by using simulations, in which orthogonal-frequency division-multiplexing communications and pilot sequences are employed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2014

Este trabalho divide-se em seis grandes tópicos e uma conclusão. A parte introdutória busca situar a teoria do inadimplemento antecipado e seu surgimento no direito inglês, bem como delimitar os objetivos do trabalho, especialmente no que diz respeito à definição da natureza jurídica da teoria do inadimplemento antecipado e à sua aplicabilidade no direito nacional. Para construir as bases fundamentais do raciocínio a ser desenvolvido ao longo do texto, o segundo capítulo trata das noções gerais do direito obrigacional, sobretudo da teoria da obrigação como um processo e dos deveres laterais de conduta. A terceira parte versa sobre a extinção das obrigações em suas formas normal e anômala e, principalmente, as diversas facetas que pode assumir o inadimplemento das obrigações. O quarto capítulo aborda o inadimplemento antecipado, traçando sua origem histórica, sua natureza jurídica e sua classificação nas mais diversas formas (quanto ao sujeito, quanto à imputabilidade, quanto à possibilidade ou não de cumprimento). A quinta parte do trabalho discute os efeitos do inadimplemento antecipado e, primordialmente, a chamada doctrine of mitigation. O sexto capítulo aponta institutos jurídicos similares ao inadimplemento antecipado com a finalidade de definir suas diferenças em relação àqueles. Por fim, o trabalho conclui pela possibilidade de aplicação da teoria do inadimplemento antecipado no direito brasileiro, devendo tal instituto ser reconhecido por doutrina e jurisprudência. / This work is divided into six major topics and its conclusion. The introduction aims to situate the anticipatory breach theory, its origin in English law, as well as define the main purpose of the work, especially regarding the definition of the legal nature of the anticipatory breach theory and its applicability under Brazilian law. In order to build the foundations to be developed throughout the work, the second chapter deals with general notions of the law of obligations, mainly the theory of the obligation as a process and the lateral conduct obligations. The third part of this paper deals with the termination of obligations in its normal and anomalous forms and, in particular, with the various facets that the breach of obligations may take. The fourth chapter discusses the anticipatory breach, tracing its historical origin, its legal nature, and especially its classification in various forms (in accordance with the subject, in accordance to responsibility, in accordance with possibility or nor of its performance). The fifth part of the work deals with the effects of anticipatory breach and, primarily, the called doctrine of mitigation. The sixth chapter deals with similar institutions in relation to the anticipatory breach theory, in order to note their differences. Finally, we conclude the work defending the possibility of application of the anticipatory breach theory under Brazilian law, aiming that doctrine and jurisprudence should recognize it.

Com o presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da interação entre a adição de monensina e diferentes níveis de nitrato de cálcio à dieta de bovinos como manipuladores do metabolismo ruminal. Foram utilizadas oito fêmeas bovinas da raça Nelore, com peso vivo médio de 519 ± 56 kg, alimentadas com diferentes níveis de nitrato de cálcio na dieta (0%, 1,5%, 3% e 4,5%) e adição ou não de monensina (30 ppm), sendo utilizado delineamento quadrado latino 4 x 4 replicado, em um arranjo fatorial 2 x 4. Foram avaliados o consumo de matéria seca e de água, comportamento ingestivo, digestibilidade aparente total, excreção dos nutrientes, degradabilidade ruminal, taxa de passagem, parâmetros urinários, pH ruminal e os parâmetros e produtos da fermentação ruminal. A coleta de conteúdo ruminal foi realizada no dia 25 antes (0), 3, 6, 9, e 12 horas após a alimentação matinal para quantificação dos produtos da fermentação ruminal, além da concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) e a contagem total e diferencial de protozoários. A interação entre a monensina e os níveis de nitrato de cálcio não foi significativa para nenhum dos parâmetros estudados. O consumo de matéria seca apresentou redução de até 10% conforme o aumento dos níveis de nitrato de cálcio. Por outro lado, ao avaliar o comportamento ingestivo, observou-se que os animais passaram mais tempo comendo e menos tempo ruminando conforme o aumento dos níveis de nitrato de cálcio. Não houve efeito da monensina, nem dos níveis de nitrato de cálcio sobre a digestibilidade aparente, excreção dos nutrientes, degradabilidade ruminal, taxa de passagem. Entretanto, a monensina diminuiu a excreção de ureia na urina e a excreção dos derivados de purinas, consequentemente, diminuindo a síntese de nitrogênio microbiano (Nmic). Apesar disso, a eficiência de Nmic não foi alterada. Para os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal, a inclusão dos níveis de nitrato de cálcio reduziu a produção de metano em até 32,4% sem afetar a produção dos AGCC, com exceção do ácido butírico, que apresentou redução de até 25,7%. Adicionalmente não observou-se efeito de ambos os aditivos sobre a concentração de N-NH3, contagem total de protozoários e pH ruminal. O nitrato de cálcio se mostrou eficiente em diminuir a produção de metano ruminal sem influenciar negativamente nos parâmetros de cinética e fermentação ruminal, demonstrando assim ser uma alternativa confiável ao uso na nutrição de ruminantes com vista a mitigação de metano, além de ser uma boa fonte de nitrogênio não proteico para a síntese de Nmic. / The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the interaction between monensin and different levels of calcium nitrate in the diet of cattle as manipulators of ruminal metabolism. Eight Nellore cattle, with initial average weight of 519 ± 56 kg, were fed with different levels of dietary calcium nitrate (0%, 1.5%, 3% and 4.5%) at four periods with 29 days each. The experimental design was composed by a replicate 4x4 Latin square design in a 2x4 factorial arrangement. The dry matter and water intake, ingestive behavior, total apparent digestibility, nutrient excretion, ruminal degradability, passage rate, urinary parameters, ruminal pH and the parameters and products of ruminal fermentation were evaluated. The ruminal content was collected on day 25 before (0), 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours after the morning feeding to quantify ruminal fermentation products, as well as the ammonia nitrogen concentration (N-NH3) and the total protozoa count. The interaction between monensin and calcium nitrate levels was not significant for any of the parameters studied. The dry matter consumption presented reduction of up to 10% as the levels of calcium nitrate increased. On the other hand, when evaluating the ingestive behavior, it was observed that the animals spent more time eating and less time ruminating as the levels of calcium nitrate increased. There was no effect of monensin, nor of calcium nitrate levels on apparent digestibility, nutrient excretion, rumen degradability, passage rate. However, monensin decreased the urine excretion of urea and excretion of the purine derivatives, consequently reducing the synthesis of microbial nitrogen (Nmic). Despite this, the efficiency of Nmic was not altered. For the ruminal fermentation parameters, the inclusion of calcium nitrate levels reduced the production of methane by up to 32.4% without affecting the production of VFAs, with the exception of butyric acid, which presented reduction of up to 25.7%. In addition, both additives had no effect on N-NH3 concentration, total protozoa count and ruminal pH was observed. The calcium nitrate was efficient in reducing the ruminal methane production without negatively influencing the parameters of kinetic and ruminal fermentation, proving to be a good alternative to use in ruminant diets in order to mitigate methane, besides being a good source of non-protein nitrogen for the synthesis of Nmic.