Cellular_ polar research station Antarctica is the driest, the busiest and most extensive place on Earth, half-year-shrouded. People still live here. They set up the research stations in which they live and work. In these extreme climatic conditions, the station originates and disappears due to natural behaving. Stations provide researchers with safety and space for research, including comfort. They are built in different ways and provide different comforts, according to technological and transport options.

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Målet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka och ta fram ett konstruktionsförslag av en bärgningsmodul anpassad för Saabs robotsystem, RBS15, vilket skulle möjliggöra återanvändning av komponenter och underlätta utvärderingar av flygkroppen. Liknande system används av andra företag inom försvarsindustrin för att kunna utvärdera sina produkter. I examensarbetet har olika aspekter av bärgningssystemet undersökts, inklusive analys av fallskärmsinitiering, dimensionering av fallskärmar och infästningspunkter, samt packningsstudier av fallskärmsystemet. Litteraturstudier, intervjuer och simuleringar har använts som lösningsmetoder för att analysera och modellera systemet och dess komponenter. Beräknade krafter och flygbana visade att de befintliga spanten och infästningspunkterna på roboten klarade belastningen från fallskärmssystemet. Slutsatsen är att en bärgningsmodul till RBS15 har stor potential. Med detta system skulle roboten kunna återanvändas och utvärderas effektivt, vilket kan leda till ekonomiska fördelar och underlätta framtida utveckling av systemet. / The objective of this thesis was to investigate and develop a design proposal for a recovery module for Saab's missile system, RBS15, which would enable component reusability and facilitate evaluations of the missile. Similar systems are utilized by other companies in the defense industry to assess their products. The thesis project has explored various aspects of the recovery system, including parachute initiation analysis, dimensioning of parachutes with their affiliated attachment points, and packing studies of the parachute system. Literature reviews, interviews, and simulations have been employed as methods to analyze and model the system and its components. Calculated forces and flight trajectory demonstrate that the existing frames and attachment points on the missile can withstand the load from the parachute system. The conclusion is that a recovery module for RBS15 holds significant potential. With this system, the missile could be effectively reused and evaluated, which can lead to economic benefits and facilitating future system development.

Critical infrastructures like oil & gas, power grids, water treatment facilities, domain name system (DNS) etc., are attractive targets for attackers — both due to the potential impact of attacks on such systems, and due to the enormous attack surface exposed by such systems. Unwarranted functionality in the form of accidental bugs or maliciously inserted hidden functionality in any component of a system could potentially be exploited by attackers to launch attacks on the system. As it is far from practical to root out undesired functionality in every component of a complex system, it is essential to develop security measures for protecting CI systems that rely only on the integrity of a small number of carefully constructed components, identified as the trusted computing base (TCB) for the system. The broad aim of this dissertation is to characterize elements of the TCB for critical infrastructure systems, and outline strategies to leverage the TCB to secure CI systems. A unified provider-middleman-consumer (PMC) view of systems was adopted to characterize systems as being constituted by providers of data, untrusted middlemen, and consumers of data. As the goal of proposed approach is to eliminate the need to trust most components of a system to be secured, most components of the system are considered to fall under the category of “untrusted middlemen.” From this perspective, the TCB for the system is a minimal set of trusted functionality required to verify that the tasks performed by the middle-men will not result in violation of the desired assurances. Specific systems that were investigated in this dissertation work to characterize the minimal TCB included the domain name system (DNS), dynamic DNS, and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems that monitor/control various CI systems. For such systems, this dissertation provides a comprehensive functional specification of the TCB, and outlines security protocols that leverage the trust in TCB functionality to realize the desired assurances regarding the system.

This thesis consists of three main objectives: fundamental and literature review of EV batteries, experimental development, and validation of two liquid cooling battery modules, thermal modeling and comparison of the inter-cell cooling battery module. / The traditional vehicles with internal combustion engine have resulted in severe environmental pollution, which motivates the development of electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. Due to a low energy density and long refueling time of the battery pack, it is still hard for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles to be widely accepted by the consumers. As the batteries with a better ultra-fast charging capability are massively produced, the range anxiety issue is somewhat alleviated. During a charging with large current magnitude, the battery generally has a great amount of heat generation and evident temperature rise. Therefore, a thermal management system is necessary to effectively dissipate the battery loss and minimize the degradation mechanisms caused by extreme temperature. The motivation of this thesis is to study the discipline of the battery thermal management system as an application for electric vehicles. The design methodologies are presented in both experiment test and numerical simulation. For the comparative study between active liquid cooling methods for a lithium-ion battery module using experimental techniques, two battery modules with three Kokam Nickel Manganese Cobalt battery cells connected in parallel are developed. One has liquid coolant flowing along the edge of the model, and another with liquid coolant flowing between the cells. Several characterization tests, including thermal resistance tests, fast charging tests up to 5C, and drive cycle tests are designed and performed on the battery module. The inter-cell cooling module has a lower peak temperature rise and faster thermal response compared to the edge cooling module, i.e., 4.1⁰C peak temperature rise under 5C charging for inter-cell cooling method and 14.2⁰C for edge cooling method. The thermal models built in ANSYS represent the numerical simulation of the inter-cell cooling module as a comparison with the experiment. A cell loss model is developed to calculate the battery heat generation rate under ultra-fast charging tests and a road trip test, which are further adopted as the inputs to the thermal models. The simulation of the 5C ultra-fast charging test gives the peak temperature rise just 0.47⁰C lower than the experimental measurement, it indicates that the FEA thermal models can provide an accurate temperature prediction of the battery module. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc) / With a demanding market of electric vehicles, battery technologies have grown rapidly in recent years. Among all the battery research topics, the development of ultra-fast charging, that can fully charge the battery pack within 15 minutes, is the most promising direction to address the range anxiety and improve the social acceptance of electric vehicles. Nevertheless, the application of ultra-fast charging has many challenges. In particular, an efficient thermal management system is significant to guarantee the safety and prolong the service life of the battery pack. This thesis contributes to study the fundamentals of the battery field, and design liquid cooling systems to observe the thermal behavior of a battery prototype module under fast charging and general use. FEA thermal modeling of the battery module is developed to provide a guide for further test validation.

Solar photovoltaic energy has gained great importance in the last couple of years, as its costs getlower and the total installed capacity increases. As a result of this, new technologies are arisingwithin the field, with the objective of increasing performance and reducing costs. One of themis the half-cell solar modules which, among other advantages, are said to perform better undershaded conditions compared to standard modules.This project checks the veracity of this statement. For that, a Matlab/Simulink model capable ofrepresenting the behavior of the JAM60S21-365-MR solar module has been created, andexperimentally calibrated with measurements performed in an actual panel. After the modelaccuracy has been checked, it has been used to simulate various shaded scenarios for standardand half-cell modules, to carry out an equivalent comparison between the two.The results for the model show a maximum error of 0.62% for the reference case, and of 6.06%for the worst 4-module-string simulation. This has been found to be an acceptable error, whichis created mainly as a result of temperature measuring inaccuracies and the rough estimation ofsolar cell model parameters. To reduce it, it is recommended that these issues are addressed.Which module does better under shading has been found to be dependent on multiple factors:The temperature and irradiance at which the module operates, its constructive parameters, thenumber of series or parallel connected devices and the shape and size of the shadow. This lastone is the one with the biggest impact in electrical power output. Because of it, the most usualcases for shadowing in PV facilities have been compared. For equivalent modules, shading in thedirection of the string of a single cell is less detrimental in half-cell modules; however, if thatshadow covers a whole row, it is equally damaging. If a full cell is 50% shaded in this scenario, a20% less power is lost in the half cell module compared to the normal one. On the other hand,shadowing in the direction on the bypass-diode line tends to slightly benefit standard modulesfor equal cell parameters if the shadowed full-cell percentage is below 50%, for both cell androw shading. However, as this value increases, half-cell modules tend to gain an advantage overstandard ones.

This report focuses on the practicality and results of using the COMSOL 6.0 Optimization Module on a HVDC bushing corona shield model provided by Hitachi Energy to minimize electric field. The Optimization Module has several functions and parameters for altering the geometry of a model. Parameter Optimization, Polynomial Boundary and Free Shape Boundary was the primary methods used. The best results in minimizing the electric field was found with the Polynomial Boundary. The optimized shape decreased the maximum electric field by about 15% and when run with constraints to the change in volume the optimization showed similar results. Tests with Parameter Optimization did decrease the electric field but lacked the ability to fine-tune the shape like Polynomial Boundary can. Free Shape Boundaryseemed to have great potential in the documentation but we did not finda successful way of implementing the method. Through testing of different setups for methods and solvers we have concluded that the Optimization Module is both useful and practical for the given model and a clear improvement in electric field was observed in the new shape. Polynomial Boundary is the best option for the given model but more research is needed about Free Shape Boundary.

Weda AB är ett svenskt miljöteknikföretag som utvecklar produkter avsedda för undervattensrengöring. B600 är en av Wedas undervattensrengöringsrobotar som används inom den offentliga sektorn. B600 består av en kraftfull pump och kombineras med två roterande valsborstar både bak och fram. Valsborstarna är avsedda för att bara föra in smuts i pumpen under städning, vilket gör att B600 saknar idag skrubbeffekt för effektivare städning. Detta examensarbete är en fortsättning på de tidigare projekten genomförda åt Weda AB utförda på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH). Målet är att ta fram ett lösningsförslag samt en fungerande prototyp av en extern borstmodul, samt eventuellt vidareutveckla åtgärder mot de brister som dök upp i de tidigare projekten och effektivisera städning på B600. Projektet består av fyra faser vilka är problemdefinition, förundersökning, konceptutveckling och utvärdering. Problemdefinitionsfasen innehar problembeskrivning, målformulering och avgränsningar. För att komma fram till ett lösningsförslag utifrån kundkrav och kundbehov identifieras produktspecifikationer. Genom att använda Quality Function Deployment (QFD) upprättades produktspecifikationer som var väsentliga för att kunna tillfredsställa kundkraven och för att veta vilka utgångspunkter detta projekt ska inrikta sig mot. Förundersökningsfas beskriver kortfattat om de tidigare projekten utförda på KTH samt presenterar olika material och olika tillverkningsprocesser inför produktion. Konceptutvecklingsfas omfattar CAD-modellering av lösningsförslag, prototypframtagning samt prototyptestning som säkerställer om lösningsförslaget kommer att fungera i verkligheten. Sista fasen utvärdering analyserar resultaten utifrån prototyptestning. / Weda AB is a Swedish environmental technology company that develops products intended for under-water cleaning. The B600 is one of Wedas underwater cleaning robots used in the public sector. B600 consist of a powerful pump and is combined with two rotating roller brushes, one on the front and the other one on the back. The roller brushes are intended to insert only dirt into the pump during the cleaning, which means that the B600 does not have today a scrubbing effect for more efficient cleaning. This thesis is a continuation of previous projects carried out at Weda AB and performed at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). The goal is to develop a proposal solution and a functional prototype of an external brush module that will further develop previous insufficiencies and streamline cleaning on the B600. The project consists of four phases which are planning, preliminary research, concept development and evaluation. The planning phase covers up problem description, goal definitions and delimitations set to minimize the scope of the project. To arrive at a proposal solution based on customer requirements and customer needs, identifies product specifications. By using Quality Function Deployment (QFD), product specifications were established which were essential to satisfy the customer requirements and to know which points of departure this project should focus on. Preliminary investigation describes briefly about previous projects performed at the KTH and presents various materials and different manufacturing processes that can be used at the production. Concept development phase includes CAD-modeling of the proposal solution, prototype development and prototype testing that ensures whether the proposal solution will work in reality. The final phase evaluation analyzes the results based on prototype tests.

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