Embora o fenômeno da fotodissociação (dissociação de moléculas devido à interação com um campo externo dependente do tempo) venha já há muito tempo atraindo a atenção dos pesquisadores, esta ainda longe de ser completamente compreendido. Este problema é de difícil tratamento teórico por se tratar não apenas de um problema quântico de vários corpos, mas que apresenta também dependência temporal. Este trabalho tem como alvo de estudo a evolução temporal da função de onda de uma molécula diatômica sujeita a um campo externo dependente do tempo, servindo-se para isso do potencial de Morse. Este potencial unidimensional descreve razoavelmente bem os níveis vibracionais de moléculas diatômicas e pode ter seus parâmetros ajustados de forma a representar varias moléculas. O estado fundamental do oscilador é perturbado pelo campo e a função de onda é propagada através de diferentes métodos, que são comparados entre si. É interessante notar que as partes real e imaginária da função de onda começam a oscilar, mostrando que o pacote esta ganhando energia cinética, enquanto que a densidade de probabilidade permanece inicialmente quase inalterada. E discutido um efeito similar ao Stark, devido ao fato da variação temporal do campo externo ter sido assumida proporcional a um co-seno. O princípio do processo dissociativo, com as funções de onda se estendendo para maiores valores da coordenada espacial, é observado com o prosseguimento da propagação a tempos maiores / Although the phenomenon of photodissociation (dissociation of molecules due to the interaction with an external time-dependent field) has been for a long time attracting scientists\' attention, it is yet far from being completely understood. Theoretical approach to this process is difficult not only because it is a many-body quantum problem, but also due to the time dependence of the external field. The main goal of this work is to study the time evolution of a diatomic molecule in the presence of an external time-dependent field, using the Morse potential. This unidimensional potential describes reasonably well the vibrational levels of diatomic molecules and may have its parameters adjusted in order to represent several molecules. The ground state is perturbed by the field and the wavefunction propagated through a few methods, which are compared among them. It is interesting to notice that the real and imaginary parts of the wavefunction start to oscillate, showing that the packet is gaining kinetic energy, while the probability density initially remains practically still. An effect similar to the Stark one, due to the fact that the time oscillation of the external field has been assumed proportional to a co-sine, is discussed. The beginning of the dissociation process, with the wavefunctions extending to greater values of the spatial coordinate, is observed as the propagation is continued through greater times

Orientador: Wu Shin-Ting / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T15:13:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Malheiros_MarcelodeGomensoro_M.pdf: 26877147 bytes, checksum: 59ca5d670223c400cfadc1dc9251d45b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Mestrado

In 1970, Raoul Bott published The Periodicity Theorem for the Classical Groups and Some of Its Applications, in which he uses this famous result as a guideline to present some important areas and tools of Algebraic Topology. This dissertation aims to use the path Bott presented in his article as a guideline to address certain topics on Algebraic Topology. We start this incursion developing important tools used in Homotopy Theory such as spectral sequences and Eilenberg-MacLane spaces, exploring how they can be combined to aid in computation of homotopy groups. We then study important results of Morse Theory, a tool which was in the centre of Botts proof of the Periodicity Theorem. We also develop two extensions: Morse-Bott Theory, and the applications of such results to the loopspace of a manifold. We end by giving an introduction to generalised cohomology theories and K-Theory. / Em 1970, Raoul Bott publicou o artigo The Periodicity Theorem for the Classical Groups and Some of Its Applications no qual usava esse famoso resultado como um guia para apresentar importantes áreas e ferramentas da Topologia Algébrica. O presente trabalho usa o mesmo caminho traçado por Bott em seu artigo como roteiro para explorar tópicos importantes da Topologia Algébrica. Começamos esta incursão desenvolvendo ferramentas importantes da Teoria de Homotopia como sequências espectrais e espaços de Eilenberg-MacLane, explorando como estes podem ser combinados para auxiliar em cálculos de grupos de homotopia. Passamos então a estudar resultados importantes de Teoria de Morse, uma ferramenta que estava no centro da demonstração de Bott do Teorema da Periodicidade. Desenvolvemos ainda, duas extensões: Teoria de Morse-Bott e aplicações destes resultados ao espaço de laços de uma variedade. Terminamos com uma introdução a teorias de cohomologia generalizadas e K-Teoria.

Orientador: Francesco Mercuri / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T22:33:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moura_AdrianoAdregade_M.pdf: 3027032 bytes, checksum: 607063b53ccb9efcb5e36ab24f93bf36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Resumo: O trabalho tem por linha básica estudar a teoria dos pontos críticos em dimensão infinita e mostrar algumas de suas aplicações. O principal resultado é o desenvolvimento de uma teoria de Morse considerando pontos críticos degenerados e com hipóteses de baixa diferenciabilidade, o que nos permite recuperar o Teorema de Gromoll e Meyer para geodésicas fechadas no caso de métrica de Finsler / Abstract: The goal of this dissertation is to study infinite dimensional critical point theory showing some of its possible applications. The main result is the development of a Morse theory with low differentiability hypothesis considering degenerate critical points, what allows us to state the Gromoll and Meyer theorem for closed geodesics in the case of Finsler metric / Mestrado / Mestre em Matemática

L'obtention de ce mémoire a été rendue possible par le soutien financier du FRQNT et du CRSNG. / Ce mémoire est une étude détaillée de certains aspects de la théorie de Morse et des complexes de chaînes qui en découlent : le complexe de Morse, le complexe de Milnor et le complexe de Barraud-Cornea. À l’aide de différentes techniques de la topologie différentielle et de la théorie de Morse, dont les bases forment les premiers chapitres de ce texte, nous ferons la construction détaillée de ces trois complexes avant de démontrer leurs équivalences deux à deux. Ce mémoire synthétise et met en parallèle trois branches de la théorie de Morse en ne supposant que des connaissances du niveau d’un étudiant de début maîtrise. / In this thesis, we study aspects of Morse theory and the chain complexes that derive from it : the Morse complex, the Milnor complex and the Barraud-Cornea complex. Using different techniques from differential topology and Morse theory, which will be presented in the first chapters, we carefully build these complexes before proving their equivalence. This thesis synthesises and compares three points of view in Morse theory in a document accessible to beginning graduate students.

This thesis is split up into two parts each revolving around Floer homology and quantum cohomology of closed monotone symplectic manifolds. In the first part we consider symplectic manifolds obtained by symplectic reduction. Our main result is that a quantum version of an abelianization formula of Martin holds, which relates the quantum cohomologies of symplectic quotients by a group and by its maximal torus. Also we show a quantum version of the Leray-Hirsch theorem for Floer homology of Lagrangian intersections in the quotient. The second part is devoted to Floer homology of a pair of monotone Lagrangian submanifolds in clean intersection. Under these assumptions the symplectic action functional is degenerated. Nevertheless Frauenfelder defines a version of Floer homology, which is in a certain sense an infinite dimensional analogon of Morse-Bott homology. Via natural filtrations on the chain level we were able to define two spectral sequences which serve as a tool to compute Floer homology. We show how these are used to obtain new intersection results for simply connected Lagrangians in the product of two complex projective spaces. The link between both parts is that in the background the same technical methods are applied; namely the theory of holomorphic strips with boundary on Lagrangians in clean intersection. Since all our constructions rely heavily on these methods we also give a detailed account of this theory although in principle many results are not new or require only straight forward generalizations.:1. Introduction 2. Overview of the main results 2.1. Abelianization . 2.2. Quantum Leray-Hirsch theorem 2.3. Floer homology of Lagrangians in clean intersection 3. Background 3.1. Symplectic geometry . 3.2. Hamiltonian action functional 3.3. Morse homology . 3.4. Floer homology 4. Asymptotic analysis 4.1. Main statement . 4.2. Mean-value inequality . 4.3. Isoperimetric inequality 4.4. Linear theory 4.5. Proofs 5. Compactness 5.1. Cauchy-Riemann-Floer equation . 5.2. Local convergence . 5.3. Convergence on the ends 5.4. Minimal energy . 5.5. Action, energy and index estimates 6. Fredholm Theory 6.1. Banach manifold . 6.2. Linear theory 7. Transversality 7.1. Setup 7.2. R-dependent structures 7.3. R-invariant structures . 7.4. Regular points . 7.5. Floer’s ε-norm . 8. Gluing 8.1. Setup and main statement 8.2. Pregluing . 8.3. A uniform bounded right inverse 8.4. Quadratic estimate 8.5. Continuity of the gluing map 8.6. Surjectivity of the gluing map 8.7. Degree of the gluing map 8.8. Morse gluing . 9. Orientations 9.1. Preliminaries and notation 9.2. Spin structures and relative spin structures 9.3. Orientation of caps 9.4. Linear theory . 10.Pearl homology 10.1. Overview . 10.2. Pearl trajectories . 10.3. Invariance . 10.4. Spectral sequences 11.Proofs of the main results 11.1. Abelianization Theorem 11.2. Quantum Leray-Hirsch Theorem . 12.Applications 12.1. Quantum cohomology of the complex Grassmannian 12.2. Lagrangian spheres in symplectic quotients A. Estimates A.1. Derivative of the exponential map A.2. Parallel Transport A.3. Estimates for strips B. Operators on Hilbert spaces B.1. Spectral gap B.2. Flow operator C. Viterbo index D. Quotients of principal bundles by maximal tori D.1. Compact Lie groups D.2. The cohomology of the quotient of principle bundles by maximal tori

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD) / Background: Lack of appropriate bone thickness is a common clinical limitation for tooth replacement, often requiring narrow implants, which have shown better results when combined with Morse taper connections. Little is known about the sealing of the abutment-implant interface of narrow implants with Morse taper connections against oral bacteria. Aims: To investigate the in vitro ability of four commercially available narrow diameter implant (< 3.5 mm) with Morse-taper type implant abutment connections to impede bacterial penetration of their implant abutment interface (IAI). Material and Methods: Four commercially available narrow implant systems with Morse taper connections were subjected to Streptococcus sanguinis cultures in vitro and evaluated for contamination and microgaps through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results: Bacterial penetration of the IAI was observed in all systems (n=12), ranging from 65 to >300 CFU. There were no statistically significant differences in the average log CFU between the four implant groups (χ2= 5.244, P=0.155). Microgaps ranging from 5-10 μm were observed in all assemblies when analyzed under SEM, with no statistically significant differences between the different systems (P>0.05). Conclusions: Despite the advantages of Morse taper systems, the evaluated narrow diameter implants using this type of abutment geometry failed to provide bacterial sealing. The observed microgaps can form reservoirs and potentially lead to inflammation in the peri-implant tissues and micromovements.

The introduction of supersymmetry has led to great progress in the study of quantum field theories. Notably, with supersymmetry, properties of a quantum field theory can be computed with higher precision than what would otherwise be possible. In this project, we investigate supersymmetry in the context of quantum mechanics. In particular, we show how the Witten index is insensitive to the details of the supersymmetric quantum mechanical system, making it a robust quantity when considering variations in the system’s parameters. Explicit calculations of the supersymmetric ground states are carried out to identify what determines the Witten index. The concept of superpotential is introduced and we relate Morse theory to the Witten index by identifying the superpotential as a Morse function. Moreover, we consider supersymmetric quantum mechanics on compact orientable Riemann manifolds. We show how the structure of supersymmetric quantum mechanics has a close connection to topological properties of the target manifolds. Specifically, the Witten index is shown to be the Euler characteristic, a topological invariant.

We study ground states in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) with an isotropic harmonic potential, in energy-critical and energy-supercritical cases. In both cases, we prove existence of a family of ground states parametrized by their amplitude, together with the corresponding values of the spectral parameter. Moreover, we derive asymptotic behavior of the spectral parameter when the amplitude of ground states tends to infinity. We show that in the energy-supercritical case the family of ground states converges to a limiting singular solution and the spectral parameter converges to a nonzero limit, where the convergence is oscillatory for smaller dimensions, and monotone for larger dimensions. In the energy-critical case, we show that the spectral parameter converges to zero, with a specific leading-order term behavior depending on the spatial dimension. Furthermore, we study the Morse index of the ground states in the energy-supercritical case. We show that in the case of monotone behavior of the spectral parameter, that is for large values of the dimension, the Morse index of the ground state is finite and independent of its amplitude. Moreover, we show that it asymptotically equals to the Morse index of the limiting singular solution. This result suggests how to estimate the Morse index of the ground state numerically. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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