Orientador: Mônica Sanches Yassuda / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T17:29:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sposito_Giovana_D.pdf: 2581166 bytes, checksum: 5b2db24cb3b900af8525ab613c018eca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as associações entre o engajamento em atividades avançadas de vida diária (AAVD) e o desempenho cognitivo em idosos da comunidade. Os dados foram extraídos do estudo de base populacional, intitulado Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros (FIBRA-Unicamp). A amostra foi composta por 2.549 idosos sem comprometimento cognitivo sugestivo de demência, sendo 65,71% mulheres, com idade média de 72,32 anos (±5,55) e escolaridade de 4,37 anos (±3,99). Foram coletadas informações sobre características sociodemográficas (gênero, idade, escolaridade e renda familiar) e condições de saúde (número de doenças relatadas e sintomas depressivos). As AAVD autorrelatadas foram agrupadas em físicas, sociais e intelectuais. O desempenho cognitivo foi avaliado pelo Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), considerando a pontuação global e os domínios de orientação, memória, atenção e cálculo, linguagem e praxia construtiva. Os escores médios do MEEM foram significativamente maiores entre os homens, os indivíduos mais jovens e aqueles que tinham maior escolaridade, maior renda, menos doenças relatadas e não apresentavam sintomas depressivos. As análises de regressão linear multivariada e análise de regressão hierárquica realizada em blocos (variáveis sociodemográficas, condições de saúde e AAVD físicas, sociais e intelectuais) mostraram que o engajamento em AAVD intelectuais foram associados positivamente com o escore total do MEEM (p=<0,01, R2=0,014 e p=<0,01, R2=0,013 respectivamente). Em relação aos domínios cognitivos, embora modesta, a análise de regressão multivariada mostrou associação entre as AAVDs intelectuais e os domínios de orientação, atenção/ cálculo, linguagem e praxia construtiva (p=0,017, R2=0,005; p=<0,042, R2=0,008; p=<0,001, R2=0,021 e p=<0,001, R2=0,021 respectivamente). As AAVD sociais se associaram aos domínios de memória (p=0,024, R2=0,002) e linguagem (p=0,023, R2=0.004). Não houve associação entre o engajamento em AAVD físicas e o desempenho cognitivo. Anos de escolaridade e maior renda familiar foram as variáveis que se associaram de forma mais robusta ao escore total do MEEM e seus domínios (com exceção apenas entre renda familiar e memória). Os resultados sugerem que o engajamento em AAVD sociais e intelectuais podem ter um papel protetor no envelhecimento cognitivo e que o engajamento em AAVD pode representar uma estratégia viável para a promoção da saúde mental entre os idosos / Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the engagement in advanced activities of daily living (AADL) and cognitive performance in community-dwelling seniors. The data presented is drawn from the population-based study Frailty Profile of Elderly Brazilians (FIBRA-Unicamp). The sample comprised 2.549 older adults without cognitive impairment suggestive of dementia, and 65.71% females, mean age of 72.32 years (±5.55) and education of 4.37 years (±3.99). Information on sociodemographic characteristics were collected (gender, age, education and family income) and health conditions (number of diseases and depressive symptoms). The self-reported AADL were grouped into physical, social and intellectual. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), considering the global score and guidance fields, memory, attention and calculation, language and constructive praxis. The mean scores of MMEE were significantly higher among men, younger individuals and those who had more education, higher income, less related diseases and had no depressive symptoms. The analysis of multivariate linear regression and hierarchical regression analysis performed in blocks (sociodemographic variables, health and physical, social and intellectual AADL) have shown that engaging in intellectual AADL were positively associated with total MMSE score (p=<0.01, R2=0.014 and p=<0.01, R2=0.013 respectively). Regarding cognitive domains, though modest, multivariate regression analysis showed an association between the intellectual AADL and guidance fields, attention / calculation, language and constructive praxis (p=0.017, R2=0.005; p=<0.042, R2=0.008; p=<0.001, R2=0.021 e p=<0.001, R2=0.021 respectively). Social AADL joined the domains of memory (p=0.024, R2=0.002) e language (p=0,023, R2=0.004). There was no association between engaging in vigorous physical AADL and cognitive performance. Years of education and family income were the variables associated more robustly to the total MMSE score and your domains (except only between family income and memory). The results suggest that engagement in social and intellectual AADL may have a protective role in cognitive aging and engaging in AADL may represent a viable strategy for promoting mental health among the elderly / Doutorado / Gerontologia / Doutora em Gerontologia

A prática deliberada de corrida promove uma melhora no padrão de movimento do corredor, porém ainda é incerto quais são as contribuições da experiência de corrida na mecânica do corpo. No curso de dar luz a essas contribuições nos deparamos com uma questão básica anterior: o que é um corredor experiente? Apesar de existir uma regra dos \"dez anos\" de prática para se tornar especialista, não há uma definição clara do que é ser experiente em corrida e, quantificar o nível da experiência é uma tarefa desafiadora. Uma alternativa para essa tarefa envolve a criação de um sistema de apoio à decisão para classificação do fenômeno utilizando um sistemas linguísticos fuzzy. O uso desses sistemas é indicado para tratar de fenômenos com características de incerteza de identificação. Os objetivos do estudo foram: (i) desenvolver um sistema de apoio à decisão para a classificação da experiência do corredor de longa distância não federado por meio de um modelo fuzzy; e (ii) desenvolver uma prova que avalie a capacidade do corredor em controlar o ritmo durante a corrida, como forma de qualificar a experiência nessa modalidade. Para o primeiro objetivo, dois subsistemas tipo Mamdani foram desenvolvidos a partir do julgamento de três técnicos especialistas em corrida. No primeiro subsistema as variáveis linguísticas de frequência e volume de treino foram combinadas tendo como saída conjuntos que definiram a qualidade da prática. O segundo subsistema combinou à saída do 1º sistema, o número de provas e o tempo de prática e determinou o nível de experiência em corrida, em cinco conjuntos de saída. Os resultados do modelo foram altamente consistentes com a avaliação dos três especialistas em corrida que o criaram (r > O,88, p < O,OOl) e altamente consistentes com a avaliação de cinco outros especialistas (r > O,86, p < O,OOl). Para o segundo objetivo, como os especialistas descreveram de forma contundente que o controle de ritmo durante a corrida é uma característica presente e marcante em corredores experientes, desenvolvemos uma prova para testar essa capacidade do corredor e para que esta ferramenta pudesse ser utilizada como padrão de comparação com os resultados da avaliação do modelo fuzzy. Duas provas de 1000 m e 3200 m foram desenvolvidas. A primeira foi aplicada em 100 e a segunda em 42 corredores de longa distância não federados, onde tinham um tempo alvo para completar a prova baseado no tempo da última prova de 5km ou 10km que tivessem realizado. Os tempos parciais foram mensurados a cada 200m para identificar o ritmo. Foi possível identificar algumas distribuições de ritmo típicas ao longo dos testes, todavia, elas não se relacionaram com o nível de experiência dos corredores, o mesmo ocorreu entre o grau de acurácia em reproduzir os tempos solicitados e o nível de experiência. No geral, pode-se dizer que a classificação de experiência baseada num sistema fuzzy foi consistente como se pode depreender do grau de correlação do modelo com os julgamentos dos especialistas. A ausência de relações significantes entre o modelo e o controle de ritmo pode ser atribuída ao segundo, já que não há consenso na literatura sobre qual seria um teste de ritmo objetivo, fidedigno e válido. O controle de ritmo por si já está imbuído de um grau de incerteza (várias combinações temporais levam ao mesmo resultado final) o que corrobora com a utilização da lógica fuzzy para o entendimento do fenômeno e demanda estudos específicos. É importante destacar que a aplicação do modelo permitiu identificar que um alto nível de experiência não está balizado pela \"regra dos 10 anos de prática\" o que provavelmente tem a ver com o tipo de atividade estudada aqui, depende de uma habilidade mais motora e menos cognitiva. Isso indica que na corrida há outros fatores balizadores, como a frequência e o volume de treinos e a participação em provas. O sistema fuzzy de apoio a decisão para classificação do nível de experiência do praticante de corrida de fundo mostrou-se capaz de identificar e classificar a experiência em corrida com confiabilidade / The deliberate practice of running enhances the runner\'s movement pattern, but it is yet uncertain what are the contributions of running experience to body mechanics. In the course to unravel such contributions one is faced with a more basic question: what is an experienced runner? In spite of the well known rule of \"ten years of practice\" to become an expertise, there is no clear definition of what it is to be an experienced runner, hence to quantify the experience levei is a challenging task. One alternative to this task entails the development a system to support decision-making to classify the phenomenon using Fuzzy Linguistic Systems. The use of such systems is indicated to deal with phenomena that have an uncertain characterization because its identification allows different configurations. The goals of the study were: (i) to develop a fuzzy decision support system for classifying the running experience of non- elite long distance runners; (ii) to develop a running test to assess the runner\'s ability to pace control during running and that might be associated to experience levels. For the first goal, two Mamdani subsystems were developed from the judgements of three expert running coaches. In the first subsystem, the linguistic variables of training frequency and volume were combined and the output defined the quality of running practice. The second subsystem determined the running experience levei from the five output sets of the first subsystem combined with the number of races and practice time. The results of the model were highly consistent with the evaluation done by the three expert running coaches who created it (r > O,88, p < O,OOl) as well as with that of other five expert running coaches (r > O,86, p < O,OOl). For the second goal, considering that the running experts were quite confident that pace control is a marked ability of experienced runners, a running test was developed to assess the runner\'s ability to exert such control and that might be a reference for comparison with the experience levei defined by the fuzzy system based classification. Two running tests, 1000 and 3200 meters races, were developed and applied in a sample of 142 non-elite long distance runners in which they had a goal time to complete the test based on their personal last time in 10km or 5km races. Splits times we-re taken at each 200 m to identify the pace. Although it was possible to identify some typical pace distributions in the tests, they were not correlated to experience levels and also to the accuracy with which the goal time were attained. Overall, the classification of running experience based in a fuzzy system was consistent as one considers the degree of correlation between the model and the judgments made by the expert coaches. The lack of correlation with the pace control might be due to the fact that the test might not be appropriated. There is no consensus in the literature about what would be an objective, reliable and valid running pace control testo Pace control is in itself an uncertain process (many temporal combinations can yield the same final result) which agrees with the use fuzzy logic to unravel it, hence it warrants a set of particular investigations. It is important to remark that with the application of the model it was possible to verify that a high running experience levei is not constrained by \"the ten years of practice\" rule, which is likely to related to the activity studied here. This indicates that in running there are other constraints for experience such as training frequency, volume and participation in races. The fuzzy decision support system to classify the experience levei of the non-elite long distance runner proved to be capable to identify and classify the running experience with reliability

A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) é definida como um grupo de desordens permanentes do desenvolvimento da postura e movimento, causando limitação em atividades. Assim, com o intuito de promover melhora de desempenho motor, os programas de reabilitação utilizam cada vez mais ambientes de realidade virtual, entretanto com poucas evidências de sua eficácia na transferência de desempenho para ambientes reais. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se o treino de tarefa em ambiente virtual (sem toque) auxilia na melhora de desempenho em tarefas em ambiente com característica mais real (com toque) nas pessoas com PC. Para a realização deste trabalho foram avaliadas 80 pessoas, divididas em dois grupos: 40 no grupo PC e 40 no grupo controle composto por indivíduos com desenvolvimento típico (DT) com idade entre 8 e 21 anos (13,7 ± 3,6 anos), 24 do sexo masculino e 16 do sexo feminino, sendo o grupo DT pareado por idade e sexo ao grupo PC. Os resultados apontam que o ambiente mais virtual (kinect for windows) apresentou pior desempenho em todas as fases do estudo. Para o grupo PC a prática constante apontou pior desempenho apenas no ambiente mais virtual, enquanto no grupo DT, o pior desempenho foi encontrado para o ambiente mais real. Além disto, a prática prévia em ambiente virtual promoveu melhor desempenho na tarefa com características mais reais. Os participantes de ambos os grupos retiveram o desempenho adquirido, exceto pelos que realizaram a prática da primeira sequência no ambiente mais virtual. Todos também transferiram o desempenho para tarefa em maior velocidade e com interação pelo toque no botão do teclado. O grupo com PC apresentou pior desempenho que o grupo DT apenas nas fases de retenção e transferências. Concluímos então, que todos os indivíduos, tanto do grupo controle como experimental, conseguiram melhorar o desempenho durante a prática em ambos ambientes (real e virtual) e transferir o desempenho para a tarefa com maior velocidade e com características mais reais, independentemente se iniciaram pela prática aleatória ou constante. Além disto, a prática prévia em ambiente virtual promoveu melhor desempenho quando a mesma tarefa foi realizada em ambiente com características mais reais / Cerebral Palsy (CP) is defined as a group of permanent disorders of the development of posture and movement, causing limitation in activities. Thus, with the aim of promoting motor performance improvement, rehabilitation programs increasingly use virtual reality environments, but with little evidence of their effectiveness in transferring performance to real environments. Therefore, the goal of this work is to verify if the task training in virtual environment (without touch) helps the improvement of performance in tasks in environment with more real characteristic (with touch) in people with CP. Eighty people were evaluated, divided into two groups: 40 in the CP group and 40 in the control group composed of individuals with typical development (TD) aged between 8 and 21 (13.7 ± 3.6 years) , 24 males and 16 females. The TD group matches the CP group on both age and gender distribution. The results show that the most virtual environment (kinect for windows) presented worse performance in all phases of the study. For the CP group, the constant practice showed worse performance only in the most virtual environment, whereas in the TD group, the worst performance was found at the most real environment. In addition, the previous practice in virtual environment resulted in better performance in the task with more real characteristics. Participants in both groups retained their performance, except for those who performed the first sequence in the most virtual environment. Everyone also transferred the performance to task at a higher speed and with interaction by touching the keyboard button. The CP group presented worse performance than the TD group only in the retention and transfer phases. We conclude that all individuals, both control and experimental, were able to improve performance during practice in both real and virtual environments and transfer performance to the task with higher speed and with more real characteristics, regardless of whether they started with practice. In addition, previous practice in virtual environment promoted better performance when the same task was performed in an environment with more real characteristics

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelo Ricardo Garcia.pdf: 292851 bytes, checksum: bd990692005f6a27dc090e15cee9347f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-28 / The growth hormone (GH) is the hormone secreted by the anterior hypophysis. It is necessary for the longitudinal growth and for certain aspects of the global metabolism, promoting the growth and expansion of all body tissues until their maturation. The goal of this project was to verify the effect of the administration of GH associated or not associated to physical activity in the serum biochemistry, body weight and in the weight of Wistar rats organs. In the present research, 40 rats were used, divided in four groups (n=10): CT (group without physical activity and without administration of GH), GH (group without physical activity and with administration of GH), Ex (group with physical activity and without administration of GH), and ExGH (group with physical activity and with administration of GH). The rats that received 0.2 IU/Kg of GH subcutaneous, they received this hormone each two days for 30 days (Monday, Wednesday and Friday). The other rats from groups without treatment with GH received the same volume of saline solution. After 30 days, the serum biochemistry, the weight of animals, the organs weight, and the length and abdominal circumference were measured. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey test (p<0.05). It was observed a significant decrease in the weight of retroabdominal fat in the group of animals with hormone and physical activity. / O hormônio de crescimento (GH) é um hormônio secretado pela hipófise anterior, é requerido para o crescimento longitudinal e certos aspectos do metabolismo global, promovendo o crescimento e o aumento de todos os tecidos do corpo até a maturação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da administração do GH associado ou não à atividade física na bioquímica sérica, peso corporal e no peso dos órgãos de ratos Wistar. Na presente pesquisa foram utilizadas 40 ratos divididos em quatro grupos (n=10): CT (grupo controle sem exercício físico e sem administrar GH); GH (grupo sem exercício físico e com administração de GH); Ex (grupo com exercício físico e sem administração de GH); e ExGH (grupo com exercício físico e com administração de GH). Os ratos submetidos ao uso de 0,2 UI/Kg de GH subcutâneo receberam o medicamento a cada dois dias por 30 dias (segunda-feira, quarta-feira e sexta-feira), e nos outros grupos em que não foi administrado hormônio, foi administrado o mesmo volume de solução fisiológica. Após 30 dias, a bioquímica sérica, o peso dos animais, peso dos órgãos e comprimento e circunferência abdominal foram mensurados. As variáveis foram submetidas ao teste análise de variância (ANOVA), seguida do teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Foi observada uma diminuição significativa no peso de gordura retroabdominal nos animais que recebiam hormônio e praticavam atividade física.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelo Ricardo Garcia.pdf: 292851 bytes, checksum: bd990692005f6a27dc090e15cee9347f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-28 / The growth hormone (GH) is the hormone secreted by the anterior hypophysis. It is necessary for the longitudinal growth and for certain aspects of the global metabolism, promoting the growth and expansion of all body tissues until their maturation. The goal of this project was to verify the effect of the administration of GH associated or not associated to physical activity in the serum biochemistry, body weight and in the weight of Wistar rats organs. In the present research, 40 rats were used, divided in four groups (n=10): CT (group without physical activity and without administration of GH), GH (group without physical activity and with administration of GH), Ex (group with physical activity and without administration of GH), and ExGH (group with physical activity and with administration of GH). The rats that received 0.2 IU/Kg of GH subcutaneous, they received this hormone each two days for 30 days (Monday, Wednesday and Friday). The other rats from groups without treatment with GH received the same volume of saline solution. After 30 days, the serum biochemistry, the weight of animals, the organs weight, and the length and abdominal circumference were measured. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey test (p<0.05). It was observed a significant decrease in the weight of retroabdominal fat in the group of animals with hormone and physical activity. / O hormônio de crescimento (GH) é um hormônio secretado pela hipófise anterior, é requerido para o crescimento longitudinal e certos aspectos do metabolismo global, promovendo o crescimento e o aumento de todos os tecidos do corpo até a maturação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da administração do GH associado ou não à atividade física na bioquímica sérica, peso corporal e no peso dos órgãos de ratos Wistar. Na presente pesquisa foram utilizadas 40 ratos divididos em quatro grupos (n=10): CT (grupo controle sem exercício físico e sem administrar GH); GH (grupo sem exercício físico e com administração de GH); Ex (grupo com exercício físico e sem administração de GH); e ExGH (grupo com exercício físico e com administração de GH). Os ratos submetidos ao uso de 0,2 UI/Kg de GH subcutâneo receberam o medicamento a cada dois dias por 30 dias (segunda-feira, quarta-feira e sexta-feira), e nos outros grupos em que não foi administrado hormônio, foi administrado o mesmo volume de solução fisiológica. Após 30 dias, a bioquímica sérica, o peso dos animais, peso dos órgãos e comprimento e circunferência abdominal foram mensurados. As variáveis foram submetidas ao teste análise de variância (ANOVA), seguida do teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Foi observada uma diminuição significativa no peso de gordura retroabdominal nos animais que recebiam hormônio e praticavam atividade física.

Up to 60% of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) do not participate in regular physical activity (PA) despite the known benefits. To encourage these individuals to increase PA behavior, this study tested the feasibility and implementation of a nurse-directed counseling intervention using continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). The study used a framework derived from self-efficacy theory to 1) compare changes in self-efficacy, BP and activity counts between participants receiving CGMS counseling and standard T2DM counseling, 2) examine relationships between PA self-efficacy and BP and activity counts, 3) evaluate recruitment, retention, and screening strategies, and 4) assess instrument reliability and utility. Adults (N=52) with T2DM (non-insulin requiring, inactive) were randomized to intervention (n=27) or control groups (n=25). Both groups received 90 minutes of diabetes education with a follow-up phone call at 4 weeks. The intervention group also received feedback on their own CGMS graphs and a role model's graph depicting PA related reductions in glucose levels. PA benefits/barriers were discussed and goals were set. Outcomes were recorded at 1 and 8 weeks. Participants were older (57±14 years), predominantly (90%) white, about half (52%) female, and had diabetes for 8±7 years. Relative to the control group, participants receiving the intervention had higher self-efficacy scores at 8 weeks, indicating more confidence in sticking to a PA program. Their light/sedentary activity minutes decreased significantly and moderate activity minutes increased significantly; systolic BP, A1c and BMI decreased significantly. Only self-efficacy for "Sticking to it" was positively associated with moderate activity. The most successful recruitment media was multiple newspaper press releases. Most referrals came from endocrinology physicians. Of 231 study volunteers, 106 did not meet the criterion of A1c≥7.5%. These data suggest that CGMS feedback is feasible for counseling individuals with T2DM to improve PA and may improve risk factors for diabetes-related complications. Newspaper press releases are effective for recruiting participants with T2DM. Less restrictive inclusion criteria in a larger study may allow more participation by sedentary individuals with T2DM but may reduce effect size. CGMS was well tolerated and its data aided diabetes-related teaching.

Nicotine sensitization and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were analyzed in adolescent beta-arrestin-2 knockout (betaA-2 KO) and wild type (WT) mice. The beta-arrestin-2 protein has been shown to be important in G-protein hydrolysis and receptor internalization. Four- to five-week-old adolescent betaA-2 KO and WT C57/Bl6 mice were administered either nicotine (0.5 mg/kg free base) or saline 10 min before being placed into a locomotor arena on each of 7 (Experiment 1) or 14 (Experiment 2) consecutive days. A nicotine challenge was given 7 days after sensitization was complete. In Experiment 1, betaA-2 KO mice administered nicotine or saline and WT mice administered nicotine demonstrated significant hypoactivity during early in testing, and neither WT nor betaA-2 KO mice administered nicotine demonstrated sensitization. On the nicotine challenge, WT mice administered nicotine demonstrated significantly higher activity levels compared to all groups, and this same group demonstrated significantly higher levels of accumbal BDNF compared to all groups. In Experiment 2, betaA-2 KO mice were again hypoactive compared to WT mice, whereas WT mice administered nicotine demonstrated significant hypoactivity during initial testing and significantly higher levels of activity compared to all other groups late in testing. On the nicotine challenge, WT mice that received nicotine demonstrated a significant increase in activity compared to all groups, and showed increased accumbal BDNF compared to all groups. These results show that the beta-arrestin-2 protein is important in induction and expression of nicotine sensitization as well as nicotine's effects on accumbal BDNF.

In assessing and assimilating the neurodevelopmental basis of the so-called movement disorders it is probably useful to establish certain concepts that will modulate both the variation and selection of affliction, mechanisms-processes and diversity of disease states. Both genetic, developmental and degenerative aberrations are to be encompassed within such an approach, as well as all deviations from the necessary components of behaviour that are generally understood to incorporate "normal" functioning. In the present treatise, both conditions of hyperactivity/hypoactivity, akinesia and bradykinesia together with a constellation of other symptoms and syndromes are considered in conjunction with the neuropharmacological and brain morphological alterations that may or may not accompany them, e.g. following neonatal denervation. As a case in point, the neuroanatomical and neurochemical points of interaction in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are examined with reference to both the perinatal metallic and organic environment and genetic backgrounds. The role of apoptosis, as opposed to necrosis, in cell death during grain development necessitates careful considerations of the current explosion of evidence for brain nerve growth factors, neurotrophins and cytokines, and the processes regulating their appearance, release and fate. Some of these processes may posses putative inherited characteristics, like asynuclein, others may to greater or lesser extents be endogenous or semi-endogenous (in food), like the tetrahydroisoquinolines, others exogenous until inhaled or injested through environmental accident, like heavy metals, e.g. mercury. Another central concept of neurodevelopment is cellular plasticity, thereby underlining the essential involvement of glutamate systems and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor configurations. Finally, an essential assimilation of brain development in disease must delineate the relative merits of inherited as opposed to environmental risks not only for the commonly-regarded movement disorders, like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and epilepsy, but also for afflictions bearing strong elements of psychosocial tragedy, like ADHD, autism and Savantism.

Although the relationship between increased anteversion and abnormal motor control in children with cerebral palsy is well documented there are no published studies that look at the possible links between motor control and femoral anteversion in children without neurological deficits. Children with intoeing gait are reported to be clumsy; but this clumsiness is usually ascribed to the gait angle. The aim of this study, therefore, is to explore the possible relationship between detorsion of the femur during growth and the development of hip posture and movement. Hip internal and external rotation are commonly used as a clinical measure of anteversion of the femur. In this study the range of hip internal and external rotation (as a clinical measure of anteversion) was related to performance of motor tasks requiring control of the posture and movement of the hip. If the degree of femoral anteversion is linked to the development of motor control, the next step would be to investigate the effectiveness of exercise programmes on the process of detorsion of the femur in children with excessive medial femoral torsion.

In the theoretical part, the thesis "Primitive reflexology and its relation to the evolution of locomotion" summarizes the knowledge of movement management and postural control. The main part is focused on individual components which are tested according to developmental kinesiology as spontaneous motor activity, primitive reflexology, postural reactibility. End of the main part addresses the issue of exit examinations. The practical part is focused on finding connections of the components according to the developmental kinesiology test as a screening method. In the second mentioned part of the study were found significantly important connections between the palmar grasp reflex and the Collis horizontal reaction. Other relationships which we verified weren't statistically proven. This concerns the relation of plantar grasp reflex and Collis horizontal reaction, Galant reflex and Landau reaction, suprapubic reflex and traction response and at the end the extension crossed reflex and traction response.