The purpose of this essay is to investigate which components previous scientific studies suggest that an efficient treatment for adolescents with behavioural problems should contain. For this purpose, an extensive review of scientific research conducted in Scandinavia has been read and will be presented in this essay. This essay also present an introduction to residential care in Sweden as well as to an alternative form of treatment for adolescents with behavioural problems called Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC). The result of this essay suggest that treatment of adolescents with behavioural problems should be based on the emphasis of risk/resilience factors of the youth and that the treatment should be adapted to the youth’s individual personality and way of learning. Furthermore should the method of treatment be well incorporated within the staff and be based on methods proven effective by scientific research. Based on the scientific research previously conducted, one could argue that the MTFC treatment is more efficient when it comes to treatment of adolescents with behavioural problems than residential care due to the residential cares inconsistency in treatment methods.

<p>Ett stort antal barn är idag placerade i fosterfamilj. Flertalet av dessa barn uppvisar ett asocialt beteende med dåliga sociala relationer. Multidimension Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) är ett program vars mål är att förändra barnets attityd. Det är en öppen vårdinsats där barnet placeras i en utbildad fosterfamilj. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes baserat på nio intervjuer. Syftet var att utifrån ett utvecklingsekologiskt systemperspektiv undersöka hur MTFC- familjer och biologiska familjer upplever effekten av behandlingen. Resultat visar att biologiska/fosterföräldrar upplevde programmet som ständigt närvarande med tydliga roller. Samtliga familjer bekräftar att programmet har positiva effekter på barnet beteende. Programmet upplevdes erbjuda fosterföräldrar en yrkesmässig relation till barnet och biologiska föräldrar en möjlighet att utveckla ett ökat självförtroende som förälder.</p>

Ett stort antal barn är idag placerade i fosterfamilj. Flertalet av dessa barn uppvisar ett asocialt beteende med dåliga sociala relationer. Multidimension Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) är ett program vars mål är att förändra barnets attityd. Det är en öppen vårdinsats där barnet placeras i en utbildad fosterfamilj. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes baserat på nio intervjuer. Syftet var att utifrån ett utvecklingsekologiskt systemperspektiv undersöka hur MTFC- familjer och biologiska familjer upplever effekten av behandlingen. Resultat visar att biologiska/fosterföräldrar upplevde programmet som ständigt närvarande med tydliga roller. Samtliga familjer bekräftar att programmet har positiva effekter på barnet beteende. Programmet upplevdes erbjuda fosterföräldrar en yrkesmässig relation till barnet och biologiska föräldrar en möjlighet att utveckla ett ökat självförtroende som förälder.

Social workers in this study describes various experiences of the assessments of interventions for children and adolescents. Social workers experience of the many different situations where an assessment of best effort must be made on the basis of BBIC, which is the Social Services investigation records. To make this assessment, the Social workers need social assistance and support of their colleagues and manager. Knowledge mixed with experience is also an important part when it comes to being professional and not let emotions control that could otherwise be happened when the social worker meets and builds relationships with clients. Social workers are also those who will decide which achievement the client needs from the needs. We use systems theory, Hasenfeld´s theory of human services organizations  and Lipsky´s grassroots bureaucrats to analyze how social worker work with clients of different experiences, knowledge and some of their own personal values for the various operations. The efforts in our work we have examined is traditional familycare and MTFC (Multi dementional Treatment Foster Care), we have found that there are different arguments for different actions, but the assessments are made virtually the same assessment model. There are requirements that govern the operation of which is matched with the objectives and resources administration. Social worker also believes that social work is a game where we do not know how the results will be.

<p>Social workers in this study describes various experiences of the assessments of interventions for children and adolescents. Social workers experience of the many different situations where an assessment of best effort must be made on the basis of BBIC, which is the Social Services investigation records. To make this assessment, the Social workers need social assistance and support of their colleagues and manager. Knowledge mixed with experience is also an important part when it comes to being professional and not let emotions control that could otherwise be happened when the social worker meets and builds relationships with clients. Social workers are also those who will decide which achievement the client needs from the needs. We use systems theory, Hasenfeld´s theory of human services organizations  and Lipsky´s grassroots bureaucrats to analyze how social worker work with clients of different experiences, knowledge and some of their own personal values for the various operations. The efforts in our work we have examined is traditional familycare and MTFC (Multi dementional Treatment Foster Care), we have found that there are different arguments for different actions, but the assessments are made virtually the same assessment model. There are requirements that govern the operation of which is matched with the objectives and resources administration. Social worker also believes that social work is a game where we do not know how the results will be.</p>

The study of deformation zones is of great geological interest since these zones can separate rocks with different characteristics. The geometry of these structures with depth is important for interpreting the geological history of an area. Paper I to III present 2D reflection seismic data over deformation zones targeting structures in the upper 3-4 km of the crust. These seismic profiles were acquired with a crooked-line recording geometry. 2D seismic processing assumes a straight recording geometry. Most seismic processing tools were developed for sub-horizontally layered structures. However, in the crystalline rocks in Scandinavia more complex structures with contrasting dip directions and folding are common. The crooked-line recording geometries have the benefit of sampling a 3D volume. This broader sampling can be used to gain knowledge about the true geometry of subsurface structures. Correlation with geological maps and other geophysical data along with seismic data modeling can be used to differentiate reflections from faults or fracture zones from other reflectivity, e.g. mafic bodies. Fault and fracture zones may have a large impedance contrast to surrounding rocks, while ductile shear zones usually do not. The ductile shear zones can instead be interpreted based on differing reflectivity patterns between domains and correlations with geology or magnetic maps. Paper IV presents 3D reflection seismic data from a quick-clay landslide site in southern Sweden. The area is located in a deformation zone and structures in unconsolidated sediments may have been influenced by faults in the bedrock. The main target layer is located at only 20 m depth, but good surface conditions during acquisition and careful processing enabled a clear seismic image of this shallow layer to be obtained.The research presented in this thesis provides increased knowledge about subsurface structures in four geologically important areas. The unconventional processing methods used are recommended to future researchers working with data from crooked-line recording geometries in crystalline environments. The imaging of shallow structures at the quick-clay landslide site shows that the 3D reflection seismic method can be used as a complement to other geophysical measurements for shallow landslide site investigations.

Youth who are placed in the Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) program come from families with multiple risk factors. The MTFC program is based on social learning theory, which posits that youth learn from modeling those in their environment. It is unclear whether motivation for social learning decreases over time. Past research has indicated that there is an efficacious time period for treatment in the MTFC program (6 to 9 months). The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the behavior effects of remaining in treatment foster care for an extended length of time. This was measured through pre- and posttreatment scores on the Children's Functional Assessment Rating Scale (CFARS) and specific negative behaviors tracked through the Foster Parent Daily Report. Archival data were used for a sample of 34 youth placed in an MTFC program in a northwestern state. The repeated measures ANOVA results demonstrated increased scores on the CFARS from intake to exit date. Regression analysis indicated that the behaviors of arguing and defiance were observed at higher instances for youth in the MTFC program longer than 6 to 9 months. There were no significant findings related to the behavior of destructiveness/vandalism and the length of stay. The implications for social change include social workers being able to move youth out of MTFC sooner. Also, if behaviors are targeted and treated successfully as youth, then there is a decreased likelihood of the youth having negative and criminal behavior as adults.