[1] Four specimens of zoned tourmaline from granitic pegmatites are characterised in detail, each having unusual compositional and/or morphologic features: (1) a crystal from Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, showing a central pink zone of elbaite mantled by a thin rim of green liddicoatite; (2) a large (~25 cm) slab of Madagascar liddicoatite cut along (001) showing complex patterns of oscillatory zoning; and (3) a wheatsheaf and (4) a mushroom elbaite from Mogok, Myanmar, both showing extensive bifurcation of fibrous crystals originating from a central core crystal, and showing pronounced discontinuous colour zoning. Crystal chemistry and crystal structure of these samples are characterised by SREF, EMPA, and 11B and 27Al MAS NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopies. For each sample, compositional change, as a function of crystal growth, is characterised by EMPA traverses, and the total chemical variation is reduced to a series of linear substitution mechanisms. Of particular interest are substitutions accommodating the variation in [4]B: (1) TB + YAl ↔ TSi + Y(Fe, Mn)2+, where transition metals are present, and (2) TB2 + YAl ↔ TSi2 + YLi, where transition metals are absent. Integration of all data sets delineates constraints on melt evolution and crystal growth mechanisms. [2] Uncertainty has surrounded the occurrence of [4]Al and [4]B at the T-site in tourmaline, because B is difficult to quantify by EMPA and Al is typically assigned to the octahedral Y- and Z-sites. Although both [4]Al and [4]B have been shown to occur in natural tourmalines, it is not currently known how common these substituents are. Using 11B and 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, the presence of [4]B and [4]Al is determined in fifty inclusion-free tourmalines of low transition-metal content with compositions corresponding to five different species. Chemical shifts of [4]B and [3]B in 11B spectra, and [4]Al and [6]Al in 27Al spectra, are well-resolved, allowing detection of very small (< ~0.1 apfu) amounts of T-site constituents. Results show that contents of 0.0 < [4]B, [4]Al < 0.5 apfu are common in tourmalines containing low amounts of paramagnetic species, and that all combinations of Si, Al and B occur in natural tourmalines.

Nowadays we are all witnesses of a competition of facilities at different countries to study unknown regions of neutron rich nuclei. Much efforts are devoted to understand the role of neutron excess and its influence on nuclei in vicinity of closed neutron shells. One of the means to investigate nuclear structure is in beta-decay. Once a nucleus is proven to exist, its beta-decay properties, such as T1/2 and Pn (probability of beta-delayed neutron emission), which are relatively easy to measure, can provide the first hints on the nuclear structure. On the r-process site, "waiting points"(nuclei on closed neutron shells) has significant effects on the r-process dynamics and the abundance distribution. The actual side and the astrophysical conditions under which the nuclear synthesis takes place are still not certainly known - since r-process nuclei are difficult to produce and to study experimentally, input parameters for r-process calculations are mostly derived from theoretical models. As it has been seen lately, most of the theories have failed to reproduce newly measured data sets near shell closures. With new experimental data already (or shortly) available theoretical approaches can be adjusted. Since a beta-delayed neutron emission becomes strong if not dominating decaying channel for nuclei far stability, a proper neutron detector to study their properties is indispensable. To conduct the appropriate investigations, in the frame of the present thesis, in close collaboration with JINR (Dubna) a new detection system was constructed. It consists of 80 ³He-filled counters, 4π beta detector and a HPGe in order to measure simultaneously beta, gamma, neutron activity. The development of such a detection system system, currently installed at ALTO ISOL facility, was the first objective of the thesis. Then, during two experimental campaigns conducted to investigate beta decay properties of neutron rich nuclei in the neighborhood of N=50, N=82 the workability of the newly produced detection system was proven. In the vicinity of ⁷⁸Ni: half- lives and probability of beta-delayed neutron emission for ⁸º,⁸²,⁸³,⁸⁴Ga were measured. We were the first to observe the structure of ⁸¹,⁸² Ge via beta neutron gated gamma spectra. Thanks to the neutron detection channel the absolute intensities of beta decay were proposed for the first time. In the vicinity of ¹³²Sn the half lives of ¹²³Ag, ¹²⁴Ag, ¹²⁵Ag and ¹²⁷In, ¹²⁸In was measured. For the first time the beta delayed neutron emission was observed for ¹²⁶Cd, its Pn value also measured. Based on the data obtained we come to the conclusion that to figure out the relative contribution of allowed and forbidden decays more theoretical efforts should be done crossing the N=50 shell. Whereas in the vicinity of N=82 shell more experimental challenge are required.

[1] Four specimens of zoned tourmaline from granitic pegmatites are characterised in detail, each having unusual compositional and/or morphologic features: (1) a crystal from Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, showing a central pink zone of elbaite mantled by a thin rim of green liddicoatite; (2) a large (~25 cm) slab of Madagascar liddicoatite cut along (001) showing complex patterns of oscillatory zoning; and (3) a wheatsheaf and (4) a mushroom elbaite from Mogok, Myanmar, both showing extensive bifurcation of fibrous crystals originating from a central core crystal, and showing pronounced discontinuous colour zoning. Crystal chemistry and crystal structure of these samples are characterised by SREF, EMPA, and 11B and 27Al MAS NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopies. For each sample, compositional change, as a function of crystal growth, is characterised by EMPA traverses, and the total chemical variation is reduced to a series of linear substitution mechanisms. Of particular interest are substitutions accommodating the variation in [4]B: (1) TB + YAl ↔ TSi + Y(Fe, Mn)2+, where transition metals are present, and (2) TB2 + YAl ↔ TSi2 + YLi, where transition metals are absent. Integration of all data sets delineates constraints on melt evolution and crystal growth mechanisms. [2] Uncertainty has surrounded the occurrence of [4]Al and [4]B at the T-site in tourmaline, because B is difficult to quantify by EMPA and Al is typically assigned to the octahedral Y- and Z-sites. Although both [4]Al and [4]B have been shown to occur in natural tourmalines, it is not currently known how common these substituents are. Using 11B and 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, the presence of [4]B and [4]Al is determined in fifty inclusion-free tourmalines of low transition-metal content with compositions corresponding to five different species. Chemical shifts of [4]B and [3]B in 11B spectra, and [4]Al and [6]Al in 27Al spectra, are well-resolved, allowing detection of very small (< ~0.1 apfu) amounts of T-site constituents. Results show that contents of 0.0 < [4]B, [4]Al < 0.5 apfu are common in tourmalines containing low amounts of paramagnetic species, and that all combinations of Si, Al and B occur in natural tourmalines.

No description available.

當代童話故事《魔幻玩具舖》再現個體於成長過程中父權與社會機制所壓抑與消音，尤其強調於成長過程中的伊底帕斯情節期。當代童話作者呈現幻滅與殘缺的社會寫實，以提供讀者真實世界的不全以及社會的異化，藉此使讀者不安；透過詭異(the uncanny)的閱讀經驗，讀者認知於自己潛意識中的壓抑，以及社會機制的缺陷。在童話的結構中最重要的為奇幻之要素，奇幻重視顯露社會中的異化與顛覆理性的成規，其建築在現實即為取得讀者之信任，然而推展至非真的境地以混淆讀者對於現實的概念；透過傾覆讀者的認知，奇幻創造出在現實規則中的間隙(breach)以及破壞權威的法則；奇幻以及童話故事的努力皆於尋求到一個更美好的家庭遠景。 第一章介紹童話的文類架構以及與奇幻的緊密關聯。第二章著重於童話理論以及其架構呈現的欲望與空缺(lack)，讀者因認知到自我的伊底帕斯經驗與社會的異化而感到不安；奇幻要素則質問社會規則以及傾覆讀者對於社會秩序的概念。第三章為《魔幻玩具舖》的童話理論分析，以詭異的效果干擾讀者。第四章表明奇幻在《魔幻玩具舖》中的顛覆力量，模糊真與非真的界線以及在社會法規中創造出間隙開啟了被壓抑與壓迫發聲的可能性。最後一章以童話與奇幻要素顛覆父權社會機制作為總結。 / The modern fairy tale, The Magic Toyshop, copes with the issue of what is repressed and muffled under the social and patriarchal restraints through the growing process of a person, especially the oedipal stage. The modern fairy tale writer presents a disillusioned picture of reality, so as to provide the reader with the real conditions of deficiency and alienation in society and unsettle the reader. Through the reading process of the uncanny, the reader recognizes what has been repressed in his unconsciousness, and thus realizes the imperfectness of the society. In the structure of the fairy tale, the most important element is the fantastic which endeavors to reveal the reality of alienation and to subvert the rules of rationality. The fantastic is built on the real in order to gain the belief of the reader; however, it then develops to the realm of the unreal in order to blur the boundary between the real and the unreal. By upsetting the reader’s conception, the fantastic creates a breach in everyday reality and undermines authoritarian rules. The ultimate efforts of the fairy tale and the fantastic are made for the quest for a real homecoming. The first chapter introduces the genre of the fairy tale and its high relevance to the fantastic. The second chapter focuses on the theory of the fairy tale and its significance in revealing what is underneath the structure, desire and lack. The reader is unsettled by recognizing his / her own oedipal experience and the alienated reality. The element of the fantastic questions the everyday rules of the social order and disturbs the reader’s perception. The third chapter is the textual analysis of the fairy tale structure and its uncanny effect on the reader as reflected in Carter’s The Magic Toyshop. The fourth chapter is the analysis of the subversive function of the fantastic in Carter’s novel. The boundary-blurring and breach-making process opens a possibility for what is repressed and oppressed. The final chapter concludes that the fairy tale and the element of the fantastic subvert the authoritative society of patriarchy.

This thesis presents an analysis of Piaroa shamanic practices that combines elements of symbolic, psychobiological and phenomenological approaches. Theories from, and clinical findings in, neuroscience, pharmacology, psychology and psychoneuroimmunology are integrated with extended participant observation field study involving basic shamanic training to demonstrate how Piaroa shamans learn to understand and effect biopsychosocial adaptation and promote health. It is argued that Piaroa shamanism is a sophisticated means of interpreting ecological forces and emotional processes in the interests of minimising stress across related systems: self, society, ecosystem, and cosmos. Piaroa shamans should be cadres in the promotion of an ethos, the good life of tranquillity, which serves as the basis for low-stress social relations. Piaroa mythology is predicated upon human-animal-god reciprocity and provides the shaman with a series of informationprocessing templates, designed to be invoked with the use of hallucinogens, which assist him to understand inter-systemic relations. I analyse how Piaroa shamans develop the psychic skills to divine and regulate ecological relationships and emotional processes, while highlighting possible relationships among native symbolism, neurology, consciousness and the emotions. It is argued that Piaroa shamanic practices involve conditioning the mind to achieve optimal perceptive capacities that, in association with sensitive biopsychosocial study, facilitate accurate prediction and successful psychosocial prescription. A cultural neurophenomenological approach enables articulation of the psychocultural logic of ethos, epistemology, divination, sorcery, and curing, and a fuller picture of a South American indigenous society’s shamanic practices than less integrative approaches have afforded

The primary focus of this dissertation is to establish the extent to which ta§awwuf, commonly referred to as Islamic Spirituality, impacted on Cape Muslim culture. The study spans the time period between the arrival of the first significant political exiles at the Cape in 1667 to the founding of the Muslim Judicial Council in 1945. To this end a short historical review of ta§awwuf as it unfolded since its inception in the Muslim world is given in order to provide the necessary background against which any study of ta§awwuf at the Cape must be measured. This, in the authorÕs opinion, has not been attempted before in local studies in any systematic way. To further augment this study, a review of the nature and character of ta§awwuf as it emerged in the geographical areas from whence the political exiles and slaves were brought to the Cape is also engaged. As part of the conclusion to this dissertation an ÒafterwordÓ is provided that briefly sketches the post-1945 theological milieu that increasingly witnessed the emergence of new anti-ta§awwuf pressures within the Muslim community. / Religious Studies and Arabic / MA (Arabic)

La Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire (RMN) à l’état solide avec rotation à l’angle magique (MAS) est une technique de choix pour l’étude de la structure et de la dynamique de molécules biologiques peu ou non solubles. Un grand nombre d’approches ont été développées pour la reconstitution de structures tridimensionelles à partir de mesures précises de proximités internucléaires, ainsi que pour la détection de mouvements moléculaires avec une résolution atomique sur des échelles de temps couvrant plusieurs ordres de grandeur. Malgré d’impressionnants progrès, les études par RMN MAS sont cependant loin d’être réalisées en routine. Les déterminations structurelles et de dynamique sont souvent démontrées sur des préparations microcristallines modèles, mais sont encore rares pour des systèmes plus complexes tels que les fibrilles amyloïdes non cristallines ou les protéines trans-membranaires insérées dans des bi- couches lipidiques. Mon travail a pour objectif d’étendre les possibilités de la RMN MAS pour l’étude de systèmes biomoléculaires complexes dans différents états d’agrégation. Pour cela, j’ai exploité les possibilités uniques offertes par les hauts champs magnétiques (fréquence de Larmor du 1H 700, 800 et 1000 MHz) combinés avec les sondes MAS de dernières générations capables d’atteindre des vitesses de rotations supérieures à 60 kHz. Ces conditions expérimentales per- mettent d’augmenter la sensibilité de la RMN MAS à l’aide de la détection 1H à haute résolution et d’enrichir la palette de paramètres RMN rapporteurs de la dynamique des protéines. La première partie de cette thèse décrit le développement de nouvelles stratégies pour l’attribution des résonances du squelette de protéines, pour l’élucidation de structures, et pour l’étude de la dynamique du squelette peptidique et des chaînes latérales. Les méthodes présentées réduisent significative- ment les besoins en termes de temps expérimental, de quantités d’échantillon et de marquage isotopique, et permettent d’analyser par RMN des systèmes de plus hauts poids moléculaire. La seconde partie décrit l’application de la RMN MAS avec détection en 1H pour l’évaluation du rôle de la dynamique des protéines dans des processus tels que la formation de fibrilles amyloïdes et le fonctionnement de protéines membranaires. Une première application est l’étude de la tendance de la β-2 microglobuline humaine à former des fibrilles amyloïdes. Une comparaison de la dynamique du squelette peptidique de la protéine sauvage et du mutant D76N dans leur forme cristalline, ainsi que la détermination de propriétés structurales de la forme fibrillaire m’ont permis d’identifier la présence de repliements pathologiques et de formuler des hypothèses sur le mécanisme de formation des fibrilles. Finalement, la dynamique locale et globale de protéines membranaires dans des bicouches lipidiques a été étudiée. En particulier, le mécanisme d’action d’un transporteur d’alkanes, AlkL, de P. putida a été examiné dans un environnement lipidique. La détermination de paramètres pour la dynamique rapide (ps-ns) et lente (μs-ms) du squelette peptidique de la protéine en présence ou en absence de substrat met en évidence des acheminements possibles pour le transfert de molécules vers la membrane et jette les bases pour une meilleure compréhension du processus. / Solid-state NMR with magic angle spinning (MAS) has emerged as a powerful technique for investigating structure and dynamics of insoluble or poorly soluble biomolecules. A number of approaches has been designed for reconstructing molecular structures from the accurate measurement of internuclear proximities, and for probing motions at atomic resolution over timescales spanning several orders of magnitude. Despite this impressive progress, however, MAS NMR studies are still far from routine. Complete determinations, which are often demonstrated on model microcrystalline preparations, are still rare when it comes to more complex systems such as non-crystalline amyloid fibrils or transmembrane proteins in lipid bilayers. My work aimed at extending the possibilities of MAS NMR for applications on complex biomolecular systems in different aggregation states. For this, I exploited the unique possibilities provided by high magnetic fields (700, 800 and 1000 MHz 1H Larmor frequency) in combination with the newest MAS probes capable of spinning rates exceeding 60 kHz. These experimental conditions al- low to boost the sensitivity of MAS NMR through 1H detection at high resolution and to enrich the palette of probes for protein dynamics. The first part of the thesis reports on my contribution to the development of new strategies for backbone resonance assignment, for structure elucidation, and for investigation of backbone and side-chain dynamics. These methodologies significantly reduce the requirements in terms of experimental time, sample quantities and isotopic labeling, and enlarge the molecular size of systems amenable to NMR analysis. The second part describes the application of 1H detected MAS NMR to evaluate the role of protein dynamics in problems such as amyloid fibril formation and membrane protein function. I first addressed the amyloid fibril formation propensity of human beta-2 microglobulin, the light chain of the major histocompatibility complex I. I performed comparative studies of backbone dynamics of the wild type protein as well as a D76N mutant in crystals, and determined some of the structural features of the fibrillar form. This allowed to identify the presence of pathological folding intermediates and to formulate hypotheses on the mechanism of fibrils formation. Finally, I studied the local and global dynamics of membrane proteins in lipid bilayers. In particular, I investigated the mechanism of action of the alkane trans- porter AlkL from P. putida in lipid bilayers. The measurement of parameters for fast (ps-ns) and slow (μs-ms) backbone dynamics of the protein in presence or in absence of a substrate highlights possible routes for molecular uptake and lays the basis for a more detailed mechanistic understanding of the process.

The aim of this study is to explore the importance of love in its various manifestations in the lives of the Harry Potter characters and its power to consequently influence the paths that they eventually choose to walk. Love is investigated as the reason behind the choice between good and evil as well as paradoxically both a fortifying as well as a destructive force. Furthermore, it attempts to examine the importance that love plays in the healthy or dysfunctional development of the characters. Numerous philosophies and theories that span two different eras will form the theoretical framework of this research paper. There will be a constant interplay between the theories and the main text, that is, the seven Harry Potter books that together represent the Harry Potter series. Additionally, the author‟s opinion acquired from invaluable fan interviews will be utilized in order to improve the understanding of the characters motivations. The introduction is a brief explanation of key terms and theories that are essential to the exploration of love in the Harry Potter series. The study comprises five chapters. The first three chapters are concerned with the three main manifestations of love represented in the series, namely; parental love, friendship and romance respectively. Chapter Four focuses on the adaptation of the novels into movies and the subsequent result that this has on the depiction of love. Chapter Five highlights the finding of the study conducted. / English Studies / M.A. (English)

VIANA, Kelly Cristina Benjamim. Mágicos doutores: a arte médica entre a magia e a ciência na Minas Gerais setecentistas (1735-1770). 2008. 184 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Fortaleza-CE, 2008. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-27T15:28:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_DIs_KCBViana.pdf: 1060885 bytes, checksum: 0a8d3e2c1b0c5dc8dbb78f14e745ccb6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-19T14:28:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_DIs_KCBViana.pdf: 1060885 bytes, checksum: 0a8d3e2c1b0c5dc8dbb78f14e745ccb6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-19T14:28:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_DIs_KCBViana.pdf: 1060885 bytes, checksum: 0a8d3e2c1b0c5dc8dbb78f14e745ccb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / The aim of this research is to analyze the art of healing in Minas Gerais during the 1700’s, expressed in the medical records: “Mineral treasury” by Luis Gomes Blacksmith and “Government of the Miners” by Jose Antonio Mendes; in the medical prescriptions from that period and the Ecclesiastical Profligates. The present study approaches the process of cure in the daily routine of the population of the mines and the fluidity of domains between the popular and the scholar medical knowledge marked for a strong presence of the “magical universe” in the medical practice. The proximity between medicine and magic, mainly concerning the therapeutic ingredients of both and the syncretism occurred in colonial Minas Gerais, was responsible for the creation of a multifaceted medicine and which involved the universe of magic. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a arte de curar nas Minas Gerais setecentistas, expressa nos tratados médicos: “Erário Mineral” de Luís Gomes Ferreira e “Governo dos Mineiros” de José Antônio Mendes, nas receitas médicas expedidas do período e nas Devassas Eclesiásticas. Este trabalho aborda o processo de cura no cotidiano da população das Minas e a fluidez de domínios entre o saber médico popular e o erudito, marcado por forte presença do “universo mágico” nas práticas médicas. A proximidade entre a medicina e a magia, principalmente no que diz respeito aos ingredientes da terapêutica de uma e de outra e o sincretismo nas Minas Gerais colonial, foi responsável pela formação de uma medicina multifacetada e afeita ao universo da magia.