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Contribution à l'étude et à la commande d'un système de chauffage par induction polyphasé / Contribution to the study and the control of multiphase induction heating systemSouley Madougou, Abdoul Majid 06 October 2011 (has links)
Le chauffage par induction est un procédé qui consiste à plonger un matériau conducteur d'électricité dans un champ magnétique variable, ayant ainsi pour effet, la création de FEM donc de courants de Foucault dont la circulation élève la température du matériau par effet Joule. Ce mode de chauffage est déjà implanté industriellement dans de nombreux secteurs parmi lesquels des fonderies et s'intègre bien dans les processus de traitement des matériaux en raison de ses divers avantages. Il permet notamment, l'atteinte de densités de puissances très élevées dont la distribution peut être contrôlée. Il est ainsi possible d'obtenir des chauffages localisés ou de l'ensemble du matériau suivant le traitement désiré. Cette souplesse du contrôle des profils de chauffe et une forte puissance de chauffe requièrent traditionnellement l'usage de systèmes comportant plusieurs bobines. Leur caractérisation aussi précise que possible et le contrôle des courants des inducteurs sont nécessaires. L'étude présentée ici recense dans un premier temps, les quelques solutions existantes dont la puissance est réglée en déplaçant des culasses et/ou des écrans magnétiques, permettant de mieux répartir les champs magnétiques produits, afin de disposer du profil de chauffe souhaité mais pour une faible gamme de tôles. Les rares solutions qui s'intéressent au contrôle électrique sont orientés vers du chauffage monophasé. La transposition directe de ces commandes aux cas multi-bobines ne suffit pas à résoudre le problème dans son intégralité car les inducteurs se perturbent mutuellement. Nous nous sommes donc orientés vers une solution ambitieuse qui permet de s'affranchir de pièces mobiles et rend le système plus fiable, plus précis et lui confère plus de souplesse pour s'adapter à différents profils de chauffe et différentes largeurs de matériaux. Cette solution se base sur une méthode qui consiste à contrôler les profils de chauffe par la seule action sur les courants d'alimentation des inducteurs tout en maitrisant les échanges d'énergie entre les inducteurs fortement couplés. Cette solution est appliquée sur un prototype construit par EDF. Dans un premier temps, nous avons modélisé le système dans son ensemble tant du point de vue électrique et magnétique que thermique, afin de disposer d'un modèle global simplifié qui permet de mieux en étudier le comportement. Une procédure d'optimisation permet de générer les amplitudes et les phases des courants inducteurs pour différents profils de chauffe. Après une étape d'identification paramétrique, nous avons défini et implanté un modèle simplifié dans le logiciel PSim, qui nous fournit des délais de simulation relativement courts. Les résultats obtenus ont été ensuite comparés à des expérimentations en boucle ouverte tout d'abord, qui nous ont conduits à une étude de sensibilité des grandeurs du système aux variations paramétriques. Il nous a été possible de commander le système grâce à un FPGA dans lequel nous avons implanté une commande numérique pour le contrôle des courants des inducteurs en vue du chauffage en statique d'un disque de tôle pour différents profils de consigne. Nous avons ensuite amélioré nos modèles dans différentes directions, par la prise en compte du rayonnement et de la conduction thermique, en les transposant à un système plus complexe à six phases et avec une prise en compte du défilé des matériaux. L'extension du principe de l'induction multi-bobines de 3 à 6 phases a révélé de fortes perturbations harmoniques des courants des inducteurs. Notre travail a permis de maîtriser les harmoniques en choisissant judicieusement les angles de commande et de caractériser les pertes dans les onduleurs. / Induction heating is a process that consists in immersing an electrically conductive material in a variable magnetic field, thus having the effect to create FEM and then eddy currents flow which heat up the material by Joule effect. This heating method is already established in many industrial sectors such as smelters and fits well in materials processing due to various advantages. In fact it allows particular achievement with very high power densities whose distribution can be controlled. It is then possible to obtain localized or complete heating subsequent to the desired treatment. This flexibility of temperature profile control and high power heating traditionally require the use of systems with multiple coils. For that, characterization as accurate as possible and currents control of the inductors are needed. As a first step, the present study identifies the few existing solutions whose power adjustment is made by moving magnetic yokes and / or magnetic screens. These adjustments allow a better distribution of magnetic fields produced in order to achieve the desired heating profile, but for a small range of metal sheet. The existing few works interested in electrical control solutions are geared toward single phase heating. Direct transposition of these commands in multi-coil case is not sufficient to solve the problem in its entirety because the coils have mutual influence. We therefore directed towards an ambitious solution that cancels the need of moving parts and makes the system more reliable, more accurate and gives more flexibility for adaption to different heating profiles and material widths. This solution is based on a method of controlling the heating profile by acting on coils currents while mastering the energy exchange between the strongly coupling of the inductors. This solution was applied on a prototype built by EDF. We modeled the whole system considering electrical, magnetic and thermal parts, in order to provide a global simplified model to better study the system behavior. An optimization procedure leads to coils current amplitudes and phase shift calculation for different heating profiles. After a parametric identification step, we defined and implemented a simplified model in PSIM software, which provides relatively short simulation times. The results were then compared to experiments in open loop first and led to a sensitivity analysis of the magnitudes of the system to parametric variations. The system control was made by an FPGA in which we implemented a digital command program for controlling inductors currents. It was thus possible to perform a static metal disc heating with different profiles. We then improved our models in different directions, by taking into account the radiation and heat conduction, transposing them to a more complex system with six phases for moving sheet heating. The extension of the principle of multi-phases induction heating from three to six phases showed high harmonic disturbances of inductors currents. Our work has helped to control harmonics by choosing judicious control angles; we also characterize the inverters losses.
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Controle de frequência para otimização da potência em um sistema de transmissão de energia sem fiosDiniz Junior, Walter Ferreira January 2017 (has links)
Nesse trabalho é apresentada uma estratégia de controle para manter a potência entregue a carga do link indutivo de um sistema de transferência de potência sem fios maximizada continuamente. Inicialmente, foi desenvolvido o modelo do link indutivo do sistema, de forma a encontrar uma expressão para a potência na carga. Em seguida, essa expressão foi analisada, buscando os pontos de potência máxima correspondentes às frequências ressonantes quando o fator de acoplamento magnético do link indutivo era variado. Assim, foi estabelecido um método para estimar esse fator de acoplamento k e consequentemente da indutância mútua M a partir do monitoramento direto da fase e do módulo da corrente de entrada do link e indireto da impedância de entrada. Portanto, a estratégia de controle proposta consiste em monitorar a corrente da fonte de entrada do link para estimar o fator de acoplamento magnético k e finalmente, sintonizar a fonte na frequência de ressonância associada ao coeficiente de acoplamento magnético pela função obtida fres(k). Os resultados experimentais mostraram que a estratégia proposta aumenta significativamente a potência entregue a carga em comparação a uma fonte de alimentação sintonizada em uma frequência fixa. / A control strategy is presented in this work to maintain the power delivered to a load continuously maximized at the output of a wireless power transfer system. Initially, the inductive link model of the system was developed in order to find an expression for the power delivered to the load. Thus, the maximum power delivered to the load points were obtained experimentally while the magnetic coupling factor of the inductive link was varied and associated with the frequency of the source. The frequency and magnetic coupling variables were related to the maximum power on the load by a simple analytic function. Thus, a method has been established to estimate the coupling factor k and consequently the mutual inductance M by direct monitoring of the phase and the module of the input current of the link and indirect monitoring of the input impedance. Therefore, the proposed control strategy is to monitor the current of the input source of the link to estimate the magnetic coupling factor k and finally to tune the source at the resonance frequencies associated to the magnetic coupling coefficient by the obtained function fres(k). The experimental results showed that the proposed strategy increases significantly the power delivered to the load compared to a power source tuned at a fixed frequency.
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Contribution à la conception et au développement d'un capteur de force piézoélectrique sans fil pour la direction assistée électrique / Contribution to the design and development of a wireless piezoelectric force sensor for Electric Power Steering systemSafour, Salaheddine 12 December 2016 (has links)
Les équipementiers automobiles d’organes à hautes exigences sécuritaires travaillent sans cesse sur l’amélioration de la sûreté de fonctionnement de leurs systèmes et préparent leur insertion dans l’air du véhicule autonome. Dans ce cadre, nous avons travaillé sur la conception et le développement d’un capteur de force pour la direction à assistance électrique (DAE) avec le défi de proposer une solution sans fil, facile à fabriquer et à intégrer au système. Dans cette thèse, des travaux de modélisation et d’expérimentation ont porté principalement sur deux aspects : le capteur de force et son alimentation sans fil. Pour la mesure de force, une solution basée sur l'utilisation d'un matériau piézoélectrique a été proposée. L’utilisation d’un tel matériau pour la mesure de la composante dynamique de la force est largement répandu, cependant la mesure statique reste extrêmement réduite aux applications MEMS (mesure de pression). La technique repose sur l’onde acoustique de volume (Bulk Acoustic Wave). Un échantillon piézoélectrique inséré dans une structure, soumis à une force voit sa fréquence de résonance varier. Des travaux de modélisation analytique, éléments finis et multi-échelle ainsi que de l’expérimentation ont permis de comprendre les phénomènes physiques mis en jeux dans ce type de transducteur et de proposer des orientations pour la conception du transducteur de force optimal. Un démonstrateur a été mis en place permettant la mesure d’une force statique maximale de 1500 N. L'alimentation sans fil du capteur est assurée par la technique du couplage magnétique résonant. Vu le caractère conducteur et ferromagnétique de l’environnement du système de direction, une approche de modélisation basée sur la méthode des éléments finis et la méthode des constantes localisées a été mise en place afin d’étudier le comportement d’une telle technique dans cet environnement. Par la suite, une conception a été proposée et un prototype a été réalisé. Des mesures expérimentales ont montré que la conception répond au cahier des charges imposé par l’entreprise. / Original equipment manufacturer for automotive components with high safety requirements are continually working to improve the system safety and prepare their integration to the driverless car. Within this context, we worked on the design and development of a force sensor for the electric power steering (EPS) system with the challenge of providing a wireless solution, easy to manufacture and to integrate to the system. In this thesis, modeling and experimental activities have focused mainly on two aspects: the force sensor and its wireless power supply system. For force measurement, a solution based on piezoelectric material was proposed. The use of such material to measure the dynamic component of the force is widespread; however, static force measurement remains extremely limited to MEMS applications (pressure measurement). The technic utilizes the bulk acoustic wave (BAW). The resonance frequency of a piezoelectric specimen positioned within a mechanical structure varies with an externally applied force. Analytic modeling activities, finite element method based and multi-scale approach with experimentation activities allow the understanding of the physical mechanisms behind the observed behavior of the transducer and to propose guidance for optimal design of the force transducer. A demonstrator was set up and showed a static force measurement capability up to 1500N.The wireless power supply is achieved by the resonant magnetic coupling technique. In order to analyze the effect of the environment of the electric power steering system characterized by conductive and ferromagnetic parts, a modeling approach based on the finite element method and the lumped-element method was adopted. Afterwards, a design was proposed and a prototype was carried out. The experimental measurement shows that the design meets the company requirements.
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Estudo e caracterização das perdas em acoplamentos magnéticos devido à presença de barreiras com alta condutividade elétrica. / Study and determination of lossers in permanent magnet couplings due to highly conductive walls.Matsumoto, Thomas Rezek 21 January 2015 (has links)
Os principais objetivos deste trabalho são estudar e caracterizar as perdas em acoplamentos magnéticos a ímãs permanentes, quando da existência de uma barreira de material condutor entre seus rotores. Tais perdas são originadas da circulação de correntes parasitas de Foucault na barreira e implicam um torque resistivo ao torque transmitido pelo acoplamento, diminuindo, dessa maneira, a eficácia de sua transmissão. Com este estudo pretendeu-se investigar também a influência desse efeito resistivo na curva característica do acoplamento, ou seja, na curva torque em função do deslocamento angular entre os rotores. A determinação dessa influência da placa condutora no comportamento do acoplamento magnético é de suma importância, uma vez que permite seu correto dimensionamento em aplicações como bombas seladas e agitadores. Para a determinação da influência da barreira, recorreu-se a uma abordagem analítica para o cálculo das perdas geradas pelas correntes parasitas, que são induzidas na placa condutora. Desta forma, foi possível obter o torque resistivo em função dos parâmetros construtivos do acoplamento e da velocidade de rotação. A validação da metodologia empregada será feita pela comparação dos resultados teóricos com os experimentais, através de ensaios num protótipo já construído. / The main objectives of this work are to study and to determine losses in permanent magnet couplings in the presence of a conductive barrier between its rotors. These losses are originated from eddy currents that circulate in the barrier and entail a resistive torque to the torque that is transmitted by the coupling and therefore, reduces the efficiency of its transmission. With this study, it was also intended to investigate such resistive effect influence in the coupling characteristic curve, i.e. in the torque versus angular shift between rotors curve. The determination of the conductive barrier influence on the magnetic coupling behavior is of major importance, since it allows the correct designing in applications as sealed pumps and magnetic stirrers. In order to determine the barrier influence, an analytical approach was used in order to calculate the losses generated by the eddy current circulation, which are induced in the conductive wall. As a result, it was possible to obtain the resistive torque as a function of the magnet coupling geometrical parameters and angular speed. The validation of the employed methodology will be made comparing the theoretical results with the experimental ones, obtained from tests in the existing prototype.
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Estudo e caracterização das perdas em acoplamentos magnéticos devido à presença de barreiras com alta condutividade elétrica. / Study and determination of lossers in permanent magnet couplings due to highly conductive walls.Thomas Rezek Matsumoto 21 January 2015 (has links)
Os principais objetivos deste trabalho são estudar e caracterizar as perdas em acoplamentos magnéticos a ímãs permanentes, quando da existência de uma barreira de material condutor entre seus rotores. Tais perdas são originadas da circulação de correntes parasitas de Foucault na barreira e implicam um torque resistivo ao torque transmitido pelo acoplamento, diminuindo, dessa maneira, a eficácia de sua transmissão. Com este estudo pretendeu-se investigar também a influência desse efeito resistivo na curva característica do acoplamento, ou seja, na curva torque em função do deslocamento angular entre os rotores. A determinação dessa influência da placa condutora no comportamento do acoplamento magnético é de suma importância, uma vez que permite seu correto dimensionamento em aplicações como bombas seladas e agitadores. Para a determinação da influência da barreira, recorreu-se a uma abordagem analítica para o cálculo das perdas geradas pelas correntes parasitas, que são induzidas na placa condutora. Desta forma, foi possível obter o torque resistivo em função dos parâmetros construtivos do acoplamento e da velocidade de rotação. A validação da metodologia empregada será feita pela comparação dos resultados teóricos com os experimentais, através de ensaios num protótipo já construído. / The main objectives of this work are to study and to determine losses in permanent magnet couplings in the presence of a conductive barrier between its rotors. These losses are originated from eddy currents that circulate in the barrier and entail a resistive torque to the torque that is transmitted by the coupling and therefore, reduces the efficiency of its transmission. With this study, it was also intended to investigate such resistive effect influence in the coupling characteristic curve, i.e. in the torque versus angular shift between rotors curve. The determination of the conductive barrier influence on the magnetic coupling behavior is of major importance, since it allows the correct designing in applications as sealed pumps and magnetic stirrers. In order to determine the barrier influence, an analytical approach was used in order to calculate the losses generated by the eddy current circulation, which are induced in the conductive wall. As a result, it was possible to obtain the resistive torque as a function of the magnet coupling geometrical parameters and angular speed. The validation of the employed methodology will be made comparing the theoretical results with the experimental ones, obtained from tests in the existing prototype.
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Non-radiative resonant wireless energy transfer2013 April 1900 (has links)
This thesis describes a theoretical and experimental investigation of wireless energy transfer between high-Q resonant radiofrequency (RF) oscillators. A model used by Kurs \emph{et al} \cite{Kurs_original} was recast in a form which enabled expression of the results in terms of measurable electrical quantities. This model was tested using circular resonant copper loop antennas at a frequency near 10 MHz. Accurate calculation of the mutual inductance between loops was required in order to predict the loop coupling parameters, and was carried out using a custom-written computer code.
Two resonant loop antenna RF oscillators were first used to check that the model predictions were accurate in the two-oscillator case. Based on the success of these tests, the model was extended to the case of three oscillators in two different configurations, the first having two receiving oscillators, and the second having two transmitting oscillators. Model predictions for both configurations were experimentally tested over a range of coil separations and angular inclinations. These experimental tests confirmed the model's applicability in the three-oscillator regime, with significant deviations from the model only being observed when any pair of loops was in very close proximity (i.e. when the separation of loop centers was comparable to the loop diameter). This may have been be due to either nonlinear dielectric losses (due to large amplitude RF electric fields) spoiling the Quality factors Q of the loop antenna resonators, or to increased capacitive coupling between loops at short distances (not included in the current model), or both. Further investigation would be required to definitively establish the origin of the deviation from the model at short distances, but from an engineering point of view accurate modelling of the performance in the "close loop" regime is not critical since the primary purpose of wireless power transfer is to transmit power over a reasonable distance.
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Étude d’un moteur supraconducteur à flux axial avec une transmission magnétique supraconductrice intégrée / Study of an axial-field HTS motor which includes a magnetic couplingDolisy, Bastien 09 July 2015 (has links)
Nous proposons l’étude d’une machine supraconductrice à flux axial composée d’un stator bobiné en cuivre et d’un inducteur avec des solénoïdes supraconducteurs à hautes températures critiques (HTc). Ce type de machine est adapté pour des applications de fortes puissances (plusieurs MW) avec de faibles vitesses de rotation (quelques centaines de tr/min), comme la propulsion de navire. Un accouplement magnétique, intégré au moteur, est utilisé pour transmettre le couple de l’inducteur supraconducteur vers la charge à température ambiante sans contact. On peut ainsi se passer des « torques tubes » qui sont habituellement présents dans les moteurs supraconducteurs pour relier mécaniquement l’inducteur à la charge et ainsi réduire les pertes thermiques par conduction. De plus, les accouplements magnétiques offrent une protection naturelle contre les surcharges mécaniques. Pour évaluer les performances de la solution proposée, nous avons développé un modèle analytique en 3D prenant en compte le comportement non linéaire des supraconducteurs en fonction du champ magnétique appliqué et de la température de fonctionnement. Ce modèle est ensuite intégré dans un processus de dimensionnement utilisant un algorithme génétique multi objectifs. Les résultats de cette optimisation montrent un gain en compacité (machine avec accouplement magnétique) 2 à 3,5 fois plus importants par rapport à des machines conventionnelles. Un prototype de machine supraconductrice à flux axial avec accouplement magnétique intégré est aussi réalisé. La conception, la fabrication et les tests sont présentés dans ce manuscrit. Tous les résultats sont validés par des calculs par éléments finis. / The study of an axial-field high temperature superconducting (HTS) motor for applications requiring high torque densities is proposed. The HTS motor consists of a stator with copper winding and an inductor with superconducting coils. A HTS magnetic coupler is used as a part of the system, to transmit the torque from the HTS motor to the load. This solution is a good alternative to the usually used torques tubes as it results in the reduction of conduction thermal losses and offers an intrinsic protection against overloads. To evaluate the performance of the studied device, a 3D electromagnetic analytical model has been developed. This model takes into account the dependence on the applied magnetic field and temperature of the HTS material. Finally, a genetic algorithms optimization of the studied device is carried out to find the optimum geometric dimensions. The results show that the proposed solution (machine with magnetic coupling) is about 2 to 3,5 times more compact than a conventional machine drive solution. An axial-field HTS motor with integrated magnetic coupling has been also designed, constructed and tested. The test results have been checked by 3D finite element computations.
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Einfluß der magnetischen Dipolkopplung auf den Tunnelmagnetowiderstand in Schichtsystemen und strukturierten ElementenTegen, Stefan 12 January 2002 (has links) (PDF)
We have studied the effect of the dipolar magnetic coupling (also known as Néel coupling or "orange-peel" coupling) in tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) elements. With an in situ scanning tunneling microscope we directly accessed the roughness of the films and found a close correspondence between the values for the coupling fields determined by the magneto-optical Kerr effect and the ones computed on the basis of the measured morphology parameters. We confirm an increase of the dipole coupling between magnetic layers with decreasing barrier thickness as predicted by the model. Deviations from the theoretical predictions are observed for the case of thinner soft magnetic layers, which can be explained by reduced magnetisation in very thin films. We demonstrate the importance of dipolar coupling for understanding the magnetic behaviour of TMR elements by comparing TMR curves for optimised and nonoptimised structures.
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Étude du couplage magnétique dans des nanoparticules bimétalliques de FeRh et de CoTb / Investigation of magnetic coupling in bimetallic nanoparticles of FeRh and CoTbRobert, Anthony 18 December 2017 (has links)
L'enregistrement magnétique sur disque dur est aujourd'hui le moyen le plus fiable pour stocker l'information. L'enregistrement perpendiculaire magnétique a permis de multiplier par dix la densité de stockage par rapport à l'enregistrement longitudinal. Mais cette diminution de la taille des bits d'information se heurte à une limite physique, dite « limite superparamagnétique », qui correspond à une instabilité thermique de l'aimantation. Afin de repousser cette limite, il convient donc de fabriquer des bits avec une forte anisotropie. Mais plus les grains ont une grande anisotropie magnétique plus le champ nécessaire pour l'écriture doit être important. L'intérêt d'avoir un matériau aux propriétés magnétiques ajustables prend ainsi tout son sens. En utilisant des matériaux aux énergies d'anisotropies facilement modifiables, il n'est donc pas nécessaire de faire évoluer les têtes d'écriture. C'est dans cette optique que nous avons choisi d'étudier deux systèmes bimétalliques. Le premier est un alliage entre un métal de transition (Co) et une terre-rare lourde (Tb). Le deuxième système combine un métal de transition (Fe) et un métal magnétiquement polarisable (Rh). Dans ce travail, nous présenterons les résultats obtenus sur des nanoparticules de Co80Tb20 et de Fe50Rh50 de moins de 10 nm de diamètre, préparées par MS-LECBD (« Mass Selected Low Energy Cluster Beam Deposition »). Les échantillons, sous forme de multicouches, sont obtenus par dépôts séquentiels d'agrégats et de _lm de carbone. Dans un premier temps, une caractérisation structurale (dispersion de taille, morphologie, composition, structure cristallographique) par microscopie électronique a été réalisé pour les deux systèmes. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié les propriétés magnétiques de ces agrégats par magnétométrie SQUID et dichroïsme magnétique circulaire (x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD)). Nous verrons, dans le cas du CoTb, que la réduction de taille entraine de profonds changements de ses propriétés par rapport au massif, notamment au niveau du couplage entre les sous-réseaux magnétiques de Co et de Tb. Dans le cas du FeRh, après avoir montré qu'un traitement thermique permet d'obtenir des agrégats chimiquement ordonnées B2, nous verrons l'influence des effets de taille sur la transition métamagnétique caractérisant cet alliage / The magnetic data storage is the most reliable way to store information. The perpendicular recording multiplied the storage density by ten with respect to the longitudinal recording. However, this reduction in the size of the information bits comes up against a physical limit, called the "superparamagnetic limit", which corresponds to a thermal instability of the magnetization. In order to push back this limit, it is therefore necessary to manufacture bits with strong anisotropy. But the more the grains have a large magnetic anisotropy the greater the field needed for writing must be. Thus, it's a great advantage of having a material with adjustable magnetic properties. By using materials with easily modifiable anisotropy energies, it is therefore not necessary to change the writing heads. It is with this in mind that we have chosen to study two bimetallic systems. The first is an alloy between a transition metal (Co) and a heavy earth-rare (Tb). The second system combines a transition metal (Fe) and a magnetically polarizable metal (Rh). In this work, we present results obtained on nanoparticles of Co80Tb20 and Fe50Rh50 of less than 10 nm in diameter, prepared by MS LECBD ("Mass Selected Low Energy Cluster Beam Deposition"). The samples, in the form of multilayers, are obtained by sequential deposition of nanoparticles and carbon _lm. First, a structural characterization (size dispersion, morphology, composition, crystallographic structure) by electron microscopy was carried out for both systems. Secondly, we have studied the magnetic properties of these nanoparticles by SQUID magnetometry and magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). We will see, in the case of CoTb that the reduction in size leads to profound changes in its properties with respect to the massif, especially in the coupling between the magnetic sub-lattices of Co and Tb. In the case of FeRh, after having shown that a heat treatment makes it possible to obtain chemically ordered nanoparticles B2, we will see the influence of the size effects on the metamagnetic transition characterizing this alloy
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Etude et mise en oeuvre de convertisseurs multicellulaires couplés à transformateurs intercellules pour application au diagnostic de câbles haute tension à courant continu / Study and implementation of interleaved converters using intercell transformers for power cable diagnosticDarkawi, Abdallah 13 December 2013 (has links)
L'objectif de cette thèse est l'étude et la réalisation d'une nouvelle application des convertisseurs multicellulaires parallèles. Le but est de concevoir un système pouvant injecter des forts courants transitoires (milliers d'Ampères) dans l'âme conductrice de câbles haute tension à courant continu afin de mesurer la répartition des charges électriques dans l'isolant par la méthode de l'onde thermique. La structure proposée est basée sur la mise en parallèle de modules de convertisseurs DC/DC à phases couplées utilisant des transformateurs intercellules (ICT). La solution proposée permet de concevoir un dispositif à faible encombrement (portabilité). Une approche de dimensionnement des ICT cycliques basée sur la détermination d'un modèle analytique généralisé permettant de quantifier le flux et la densité de flux à travers le circuit magnétique, est présentée. Une méthode d'optimisation consistant en une permutation des ordres de commande des phases est utilisée pour réduire l'encombrement du coupleur magnétique. Un prototype de convertisseur multicellulaire utilisant un ICT cyclique planar de puissance a été réalisé. Il s'agit d'un module 12 phases, fonctionnant comme une source de courant régulé de 1200 A (grâce à une boucle de régulation de courant), et dont la puissance est de 30 KW. Des résultats expérimentaux validant la possibilité d'utiliser la solution proposée pour la caractérisation diélectrique des câbles haute tension à courant continu sont présentés dans le mémoire. / The purpose of this study is the design of a new application for parallel multi-cell converters. The aim is to setup a portable system that can inject a high current (several Amps current) within 2 s in the conducting core of a HVDC cable, and determinate the distribution of electrical space charge through the insulation using the Thermal Step Method (TSM). The proposed structure will be constituted of paralleled coupled multiphase buck converters using InterCell Transformers (ICT). A dimensioning theoretical approach of planar intercell transformer based on the magnetic core saturation condition is presented. The proposed method is based on calculating a generalized expression on the magnetic flux density matrix for any number of cells. Permutation method is used in order to reduce the magnetic core volume. Its principle is to reduce the flux concentration in the magnetic core by modifying the phase-shift of two successive cells.Finally, the experimental prototype (12-cells 30 kW power converter) using cyclic planar ICT is designed and tested. The converter is used to generate regulated current pulses of 1200 Amps (its operating mode is similar to a current source). Experimental results (thermal step current measurements) are includes in order to confirm the ability of using the proposed solution for power cable dielectric characterization.
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