This study focuses on the diverse leadership issues a Swedish primary school faces when responsibilities are not clearly defined between the management/operative organisation and the development organisation. To illustrate this, research results are analysed using Liljenberg’s model ‘Tensions in relation to the development aspects of school organisation’. The five aspects of the model are; Organisational Structure, Goals, Vision and Values, Responsibility and Decision-making, Reflection and Evaluation and Attitudes. They are used to identify to which extent the management team’s focus is operationally or developmentally oriented and how decisions are made. The information is derived from observations, document analysis and semi-structured interviews. The survey shows that the management team deals mostly with operational issues though what issues belong to the running of a school as compared to pedagogical development becomes difficult to distinguish as they can overlap. When it comes to which direction or solutions the school takes, other groups are influential without regard to the designated development group. This division shows that the school has a distributed leadership. The results indicated that without clearly defined division of labour, area of responsibility and leadership, the different groups within a school are less effective and would benefit from an overhaul. / Den här undersökningen fokuserar på en låg- och mellanstadieskolas ledningsgrupps frågor, för att se på fördelningen mellan driftsorganisationens och utvecklingsorganisationens frågor. För att belysa detta har undersökningens resultat analyserats utifrån en modell av Liljenberg över spänningsfälten mellan drifts- och utvecklingsorganisationen. Modellens fem aspekter är; organisationsstruktur, mål, vision och värden, ansvarstagande och beslutsfattande, reflektion och utvärdering samt attityder. Dessa har använts för att identifiera i vilken utsträckning ledningsgruppens fokus är drifts- eller utvecklingsorienterat. Ledningsgruppens arbete har undersökts i en fallstudie bestående av observation, dokumentanalys och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Undersökningen visar att den undersökta ledningsgruppen mest hanterar driftsfrågor, trots att det är svårt att utskilja vilka frågor som handlar om att driva skolan eller att utveckla den. När det handlar om utvecklingsfrågor visar det sig att det också finns andra grupperingar än ledningsgruppen där dessa frågor diskuteras. Det kan handla om förstelärarnas uppdrag eller vad resursteamet planerar i utbildningsväg. Denna uppdelning visar på att skolan har ett distribuerat ledarskap. Den här undersökningen visar att utan en tydlig fördelning av arbetsuppgifter, ansvarsområden och ledarskap blir skolan inte så effektiv som den skulle kunna vara, och att strukturen skulle gynnas av en översyn.

捷運系統具有運量大及快速的特性，且大部分路線位於地下，一旦發生意外，可能造成很大的災難，國外捷運發生災難的例子常從媒體報導中看見。國內台北捷運雖尚無發生人員重大傷亡的災難，但過去發生的許多事件往往是媒體報導的新聞焦點，有些事件的危機處理也廣受批評，因此，捷運的危機管理機制及危機處理是值得關注與探討的課題。 本研究是透過文獻探討及案例分析的方法，探究捷運的危機管理問題。以危機管理的理論模式檢視現行台北捷運的危機管理機制，另外發展危機個案分析的檢視準則，分析與檢視過去台北捷運發生的危機案例，經由深入的探討與檢視，最後針對捷運的危機管理提供適當的建議。 本研究對台北捷運的危機管理之建議有以下幾項： 一、台北捷運的危機管理計畫，應該涵蓋所有的危機類型。 二、台北捷運應設立一個恆常性之「危機管理小組」編組。 三、台北捷運應充實危機管理知識庫。 四、台北捷運應成立編組關心發生意外的當事人，並邀請消基會代表、消保官、律師及學者專家等公正人士介入協調。 五、新聞處理首重掌握正確且即時的事件資訊，新聞聯繫採取誠實面對、主動說明、統一對外發言之積極作為。另平時應強化表達組織重視公益且要表現正義、與新聞記者互動坦誠互信，建立記者的信賴與信心。 / Owing to the characteristics of high riderships and rapidity, and the fact that most lines are routed underground, a small accident happened in Metro system may cause grave disaster. So far there hasn’t been any accident with severe injuries happened in Metro Taipei; however, crisis management is still an important topic worth further discussing, for accidents happened before have caused media criticisms and been put under intense spotlight. With literatures reviews and case studies, the study probes into the problems behind Metro Taipei crisis management system. To provide the most adequate suggestions for the future, cases are re-analyzed, a crisis management model is also applied to examine the current crisis management system. Several suggestions are proposed from the study for future Metro Taipei crisis management. 1. Metro Taipei crisis management plan should cover all types of crises. 2. A standing “crisis management group” should be established in Metro Taipei. 3. A crisis management knowledge base should be set up in Metro Taipei. 4. The “Casualties Care Team” should be set up in Metro Taipei to take care of the casualties and fair and honest social figures (e.g., Consumers’ Foundation, consumer ombudsman, lawyer, professor) should be invited for reconciliation mediation. 5. The most important thing in news management is to obtain the most current information which are firmly based on facts. News correspondence with media should be honest, active and unified. Value welfare service and social justice. Maintain an honest and mutual trusted relationship with news reporters.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of information quality in the prediction of genetic values for the Nellore cattle\'s growth traits. The information regarding the Nellore cattle from four farms participating in a program of the Brazilian National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP, acronym in portuguese), named Nellore Brasil, is corresponding to the years 2012 and 2013. The selected farms are certified by the ANCP for quality of zootechnical information, having received the association\'s seal of approval, Global G1. Field data such as batch or management group were considered an assessment criteria, and the growth traits related to the body weight at 120 (W120), 210 (W210), 365 (W365) and 450 (W450) days were evaluated under different scenarios of information quality: inclusion of all management lot information and random inclusion of management lot information in 90%, 70%, 50%, 30% and absence of information on management lots. During the scrutiny of different scenarios of management lot information for the genetic evaluation of growth traits, it was found that there were changes in the file structure for genetic evaluation, after the statistical treatment of the data. The contemporary group experienced changes in the number of animals due to the poor quality of information. Changes were observed in all the (co)variance components and genetic parameters compared to those obtained by the scenario used as a reference. Concerning growth traits, there was an increase in the estimates of heritability and the additive genetic variance in as far as the number of information about management lots decreased. Due to the change in contemporary groups in the absence of information on management lots, the results obtained in genetic analyzes\' were biased, reaching overestimated breeding values, which can be misleading as to the choice of animals. With respect to the average of predicted breeding values, it was found that for the maternal additive genetic effects of the body weight at 120 and 210 days of age, the change in the information quality interfered negatively, leading to reduction of average breeding values of the herds evaluated. When evaluating correlations or Spearman rank breeding values obtained from data with information quality (scenario), in three groups of accuracy of breeding values compared to those obtained in different scenarios of the inclusion of information, in different proportions, it was found that there was a change in the animal classification for growth traits. / Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência da qualidade da informação na predição de valores genéticos para as características de crescimento em bovinos da raça Nelore. Foram utilizadas informações de bovinos da raça Nelore provenientes de fazendas participantes do Programa Nelore Brasil da Associação Nacional de Criadores e Pesquisadores (ANCP), correspondentes aos anos de 2012 a 2013. As fazendas selecionadas são certificadas quanto à qualidade da informação zootécnica, possuindo o selo Global G1. Considerou-se como critério de avaliação dados de campo, como lote ou grupo de manejo, sendo analisadas características de crescimento relacionadas aos pesos padronizados aos 120 (P120), 210 (P210), 365 (P365) e 450 (P450) dias de idade, avaliadas sob diferentes cenários de qualidade da informação: inclusão de todas as informações de lote de manejo; inclusão aleatória das informações de lote de manejo em 90%, 70%, 50%, 30% e dados sem a informação do lote de manejo dos animais com medidas fenotípicas. Ao considerar os diferentes cenários das informações de lotes de manejo para a avaliação genética das características de crescimento, verificou-se que houve alterações na estrutura dos arquivos para avaliação genética, após o tratamento estatístico dos dados. O grupo de contemporâneo sofreu alterações no número dos animais em decorrência da pouca qualidade da informação. Observou-se alterações em todos os componentes de (co)variância e parâmetros genéticos, quando comparados aos obtidos pelo cenário utilizado como referência. Para as características de crescimento houve aumento nas estimativas de herdabilidade e nas variâncias genéticas aditivas à medida que se reduziu o número de informações sobre os lotes de manejo. Devido à alteração nos grupos contemporâneos na ausência de informações sobre os lotes de manejo, foram obtidos resultados viesados nas análises genéticas, atingindo valores genéticos superestimados, que podem levar a enganos quanto à escolha dos animais. Ao avaliar as correlações de posto ou Spearman dos valores genéticos obtidos a partir de dados com qualidade na informação (cenário REF), em três grupos de acurácia dos valores genéticos, comparados aos obtidos nos diferentes cenários de inclusão das informações de lotes de manejo houve alteração na classificação dos animais para as características de crescimento avaliadas. / Mestre em Ciências Veterinárias

This thesis's objective was to analyse and evaluate change of HR management in the group ACTIV which had passed through the process of transformation within 2004 to 2006. ACTIV's staff growing had significant impact to the decision making processes and organisation of the whole group including HR management. The thesis's conclusion highlights positives and negatives of transformation process, especially in the part of personnel work and management of human resources.

Sustainable performance of buildings has become a major concern among construction industry professionals. However, sustainability considerations are often treated as an add-on to building design, following ad hoc processes for their implementation. As a result, the most common problem to achieve a sustainable building outcome is the absence of the right information at the right time to make critical decisions. For design team members to appreciate the requirements of multidisciplinary collaboration, there is a need for transparency and a shared understanding of the process. The aim of this study is to investigate, model, and facilitate the early stages of Building Information Modelling (BIM) enabled Sustainable Building Design (SBD) by formalising the ad hoc working relationships of the best practices in order to standardise the optimal collaboration workflows. Thus, this research strives to improve BIM maturity level for SBD, assisting in the transition from ad hoc to defined , and then, to managed . For this purpose, this study has adopted an abductive research approach (iterative process of induction and deduction) for theory building and testing. Four (4) stages of data collection have been conducted, which have resulted in a total of 32 semi-structured interviews with industry experts from 17 organisations. Fourteen (14) best practice case studies have been identified, and 20 incidents narratives have been collected applying the Critical Decision Method (CMD) to examine roles and responsibilities, resources, information exchanges, interdependencies, timing and sequence of events, and critical decisions. As a result, the research has classified the critical components of SBD into a framework utilising content and thematic analyses. These have included the definition of roles and competencies that are essential for SBD along with the existing opportunities, challenges, and limitations. Then, Schedules of Services for SBD have been developed for the following stages of the RIBA Plan of Work 2013: stage 0 (Strategic Definition), stage 1 (Preparation and Brief), and stage 2 (Concept Design). The abovementioned SBD components have been coordinated explicitly into a systematic process, which follows Concurrent Engineering (CE) principles utilising Integrated DEFinition (IDEF) structured diagramming techniques (IDEF0 and IDEF3). The results have identified the key players roles and responsibilities, tasks (BIM Uses), BIM-based deliverables, and critical decision points for SBD. Furthermore, Green BIM Box (GBB) workflow management prototype tool has been developed to analyse communication and delivery of BIM-enabled SBD in a centralised system (Common Data Environment, CDE). GBB s system architecture for SBD process automation is demonstrated through Use Case Scenarios utilising the OMG UML (Object Management Group s Unified Modelling Language) notation. The proposed solution facilitates the implementation of BIM, Information Communication Technology (ICT), and Building Performance Analysis (BPA) software to realise the benefits of combining distributed teams expertise holistically into a common process. Finally, the research outcomes have been validated through academic and industrial reviews that have led to the refinement of the IDEF process model and framework. It has been found that collaborative patterns are repeatable for a variety of different non-domestic building types such as education, healthcare, and offices. Therefore, the research findings support the idea that a detailed process, which follows specified communication patterns, can assist in achieving sustainability targets efficiently in terms of time, cost, and effort.

To stay competitive, the increasingly challenging reality that digitization and globalization have led to a constant evolution of market conditions, Google and other organizations use a model called OKR, objectives and key results. Implementing a model such as OKR in an organization places high demands on the interaction of the management team, which is one reason why not everyone is successful with the implementation. To improve interaction, several management teams have applied Patrick Lenicinois' management team method the five dysfunctions in a team. The purpose of this study is to investigate how a management team's interaction is affected by applying a management team method. To answer the question, two focus group interviews have been conducted, consisting of members from two different management groups that have implemented the management group method, the five dysfunctions in a team, and the goal management model, OKR, in recent years. The empirical work has been analyzed based on Goffman's symbolic interactionism and Weber's bureaucratic structures. Application of a management group method can, according to the study, lead to changes in the interaction, in the form of increased trust within the group, that communication takes place more in the form of dialogue and a higher collective commitment to the management group's common goals and results. For a change to take place, the management team needs to invest time and energy both initially and continuously. This insight is significant for research into the impact of the management team method on norms and behaviors in social contexts and how the corporate world can meet the need for interconnected management teams for e.g. change management.