The purpose of this study is to revise the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry's (DWAF's) current Integrated Environmental Management (IEM) procedure and to develop an Environmental Management Framework (EMF), so as to ensure that the environment is considered in a structured, formal manner at each decision-making stage of the projects development business process. The proposed EMF provides process diagrams that align the IBM principles, the environmental assessment and management tools, and the engineering business process with the project life cycle approach for DWAF's water sector functional areas. Key decision-making points are introduced to the business process to ensure that all the specific requirements have been met before continuing to the next engineering stage of the business life cycle. Auditing nodes were identified within the life cycle approach and complement the decision-making points and strengthen the evaluation of environmental compliance and performance. These process diagrams is designed to prompt development planners and implementers to consider the environment at all stages of the business life cycle and practice sound environmental management. The EMF is based on international best practice and follows the Deming model philosophy as well as principles and elements of an environmental management system. The EMF must be an integral part in the way the department conduct its business and not seen as an ad hoc function and the duties of the environmental officer. To conclude, the EMF is the building block and interim management plan for an appropriate environmental management system in the future and the first step towards business excellence for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Geography and Environmental Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

The purpose of this study is to revise the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry's (DWAF's) current Integrated Environmental Management (IEM) procedure and to develop an Environmental Management Framework (EMF), so as to ensure that the environment is considered in a structured, formal manner at each decision-making stage of the projects development business process. The proposed EMF provides process diagrams that align the IBM principles, the environmental assessment and management tools, and the engineering business process with the project life cycle approach for DWAF's water sector functional areas. Key decision-making points are introduced to the business process to ensure that all the specific requirements have been met before continuing to the next engineering stage of the business life cycle. Auditing nodes were identified within the life cycle approach and complement the decision-making points and strengthen the evaluation of environmental compliance and performance. These process diagrams is designed to prompt development planners and implementers to consider the environment at all stages of the business life cycle and practice sound environmental management. The EMF is based on international best practice and follows the Deming model philosophy as well as principles and elements of an environmental management system. The EMF must be an integral part in the way the department conduct its business and not seen as an ad hoc function and the duties of the environmental officer. To conclude, the EMF is the building block and interim management plan for an appropriate environmental management system in the future and the first step towards business excellence for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Geography and Environmental Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Cette thèse vise à combler une lacune de la connaissance sur les effets systémiques des outils de contrôle de gestion dans son acception de pilotage organisationnel. Elle se repose sur une étude ethnographique longue de plus de 3 ans, réalisée dans une direction de ligne d'une entreprise européenne de transport ferroviaire Eurorailway. Elle montre qu'une direction de ligne a utilisé successivement deux ensembles d'outils de pilotage pour gouverner, conduire et animer les entités internes contributrices à la production ferroviaire. D'abord un ensemble d'outils de la contractualisation dans une relation horizontale avec ses entités internes; ensuite un autre ensemble d'outils de pilotage par la hiérarchie dans une structure verticale. Leurs cohabitations, concurrences et affrontements ont généré des effets systémiques complexes sur les individus, les processus et pratiques organisationnels et in fine sur la performance: des effets de congruence bénéfiques dans certaines pratiques, absence d'effets dans d'autres pratiques et des effets néfastes par leurs interactions. Éclairée par la théorie de la pratique de Schatzki qui contourne l'opposition gênante entre le déterminisme fonctionnaliste et les critiques psycho-sociologiques, notre recherche montre que leurs effets réels ne peuvent se comprendre qu'en lien avec la pratique de gestion qui les mobilise. / This dissertation contributes to the limited body of knowledge on systemic consequences of management control tools, also to the limited body of research on management control as system by mobilizing management tools as an analyzer of organizational phenomena. Based on an ethnography case study in a large European railway company, this research finds that this organization utilizes successively two packages of management tools for the governance of internal entities involved in the production of services delivered ta passengers: the first one based on the levers of customer/supplier relationship, the second one by hierarchal levers. The systemic effects generated by these packages of management tools are complex, some are beneficial, other are neutral, and some are even harmful to the performance. By applying Schatzki's practice theory which circumvents the unhelpful opposition between the functionalist determinism and the sociological/psychological critical approaches, we argue that the systemic consequences of management tools can only be apprehended in the practice where they are used. Mobilizing management tools as an analyzer of organizational phenomena offers a new vista to study management control as a system.

O socioambientalismo é uma vertente recente do movimento ambientalista no Rio Grande do Sul, com grande expressão em países com vasta biodiversidade como o Brasil. As características deste país, que associa a existência da expressiva biodiversidade com a presença de povos indígenas e comunidades tradicionais, evidenciam a necessidade de desenvolverem-se mecanismos de gestão ambiental que considerem tanto a sociobiodiversidade como as atividades produtivas. A metodologia, de natureza qualitativa, constou de pesquisa documental e levantamento de dados primários. Partindo de um estudo exploratório, com a intenção de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a história do (socio)ambientalismo no Estado. A pesquisa documental foi realizada a partir de documentos técnicos, normativos e regulatórios, e pesquisa nos sites das ONGs ambientalistas do Estado, documentários e entrevistas de rádio, que foram veiculados desde 1990. Partindo de uma leitura da ecologia política, objetivou-se compreender o processo de construção do socioambientalismo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir do estabelecimento da gestão socioambiental, resultante da relação do movimento (socio)ambientalista com o processo de estruturação do Estado. Para tanto, foram traçados os seguintes objetivos específicos: a) caracterizar os atores e sua contribuição para a construção do socioambientalismo no Estado; b) periodizar o processo de evolução das políticas ambientais, a partir da relação do movimento (socio)ambientalista com o processo de estruturação do Estado; c) analisar o processo de construção do socioambientalismo, a partir da implementação da gestão socioambiental. Para tanto, dá-se destaque às políticas ambientais, analisando se essas se revelam com enfoque protecionista ou se foram elaboradas considerando os aspectos sociais, de modo a abranger um caráter socioambientalista. Esta pesquisa assume um caráter interdisciplinar, no escopo da ecologia política, em diálogo com a sociologia ambiental e a gestão socioambiental, buscando entender as transformações da política e da gestão ambiental no Rio Grande do Sul, a partir de uma periodização. Nesse contexto, as categorias analisadas foram: movimento ambientalista, movimento socioambientalista, períodos, manejo florestal, gestão socioambiental e política pública ambiental. Foram identificados três períodos, evidenciando a estruturação da política ambiental do Estado relacionada às transformações do movimento ambientalista e à incorporação de uma perspectiva socioambientalista nas políticas. O primeiro período, intitulado Protecionista - Intelectual, está demarcado entre os anos 1940 a 1979; o segundo período, Institucional – Imobilizado, está demarcado entre os anos de 1980 a 1999; o terceiro período, intitulado Regulamentário – Extensionista, está demarcado entre os anos 2000 a 2015. Ele é caracterizado pelo reconhecimento de diferentes visões de sociedade-natureza, em algumas das quais o homem se identifica enquanto natureza. Considera-se que o socioambientalismo no Estado não avançou em processos de inclusão da sociobiodiversidade na pauta ambiental, como em outras regiões do país. Entretanto, constituiu-se um movimento com perspectiva socioambiental, o qual contribuiu para a estruturação da política ambiental florestal, por meio de processos pioneiros de manejo florestal, aproximando a gestão socioambiental do manejo da propriedade rural, imprimindo um caráter de extensão ambiental. Este trabalho avança na direção da aceitação da gestão socioambiental nas esferas de governo e na conservação ambiental como uma dimensão do desenvolvimento rural. / Socioenvironmentalism is a recent strand of the environmental movement in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), greatly relevant in countries with vast biodiversity such as Brazil. The characteristics of this country, which combines the existence of significant biodiversity with the presence of indigenous peoples and traditional communities, demonstrate the need to develop environmental management mechanisms that consider both socio-biodiversity and productive activities. The study applied a qualitative method comprising documentary research and primary data collection. It started from an exploratory study aimed at deepening the knowledge about the history of the (socio)environmentalism in the state of RS, Brasil. Documentary research included technical, normative and regulatory documents, as well as research on websites of environmental NGOs working in the state, documentaries and radio interviews broadcasted since 1990. Based on political ecology theories, the objective was to understand the construction of socioenvironmentalism in RS, through the establishment of socio-environmental public policies, resulting from the interaction between the (socio)environmentalist movement and the state structuring process. Thus, the following specific objectives were defined: a) characterizing the actors and their contribution to the construction of socio-environmentalism in RS; b) to establish chronological frameworks for the process of evolution of environmental policies, based on the relationship of the (socio)environmentalist movement with the structuring of the state; c) to analyze the process of construction of socio-environmentalism, through the implementation of socio-environmental public management. To this end, emphasis is placed on environmental policies, by examining whether they carry a protectionist approach or were formulated considering the social aspects, so that to cover a socio-environmentalist character. This research takes an interdisciplinary approach, within the scope of political ecology, in dialogue with environmental sociology and social and environmental public management, seeking to understand the transformations of politics and environmental management in Rio Grande do Sul, through chronological frameworks. In this context, the analyzed categories were: environmental movement, social-environmentalist movement, time-frames, forest management, socio-environmental management and environmental public policy. Three periods were identified, evidencing the structuring of the state's environmental policy related to the transformations of the environmental movement and the incorporation of a socioenvironmental perspective in the policies. The first period, named Protectionist - Intellectual, is delimited between the years 1940 to 1979; the second period, Institutional - Immobilized, between 1980 and 1999; the third period, named Regulatory - Extensionist, between the years 2000 to 2015. It is characterized by the recognition of different views of society-nature, in some of which human being equates to nature. Findings show that socio-environmentalism in the state did not advance in including socio-biodiversity into the environmental agenda as occurred in other regions of the country. However, a socio-environmental perspective was created, which contributed to the structuring of the forestry environmental policy, through pioneering processes of forest management, bringing socio-environmental management closer to rural activities, ascribing a character of environmental extension. This work advances towards the acceptance of socio-environmental management in the spheres of government and environmental conservation as a dimension of rural development.

La Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises peut aujourd’hui être considérée comme un thème de gestion qui prend tout son sens dans le management opérationnel des entreprises et des organisations. C’est pourquoi, il semble nécessaire d’éclairer le concept de Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises, notamment parce qu’il ne concerne pas uniquement le volet social des organisations et qu’il ne s’applique pas qu’aux entreprises stricto sensu. Il s’agit de commencer par traduire ce concept dans les décisions et les pratiques de management stratégique, mais également de proposer une ingénierie stratégique pour sa mise en œuvre. Enfin, il faut évaluer les effets sur la performance globale de l’entreprise ou de l’organisation, c'est-à-dire sur les trois performances : environnementale, sociale et économique, de manière à en mesurer l’efficacité et l’efficience dans le temps. Nous proposons une modélisation pour faciliter la mise en place de la Responsabilité Sociale dans les Entreprises à travers une ingénierie tridimensionnelle qui comprend les trois axes du processus d’implantation, les trois volets de la RSE et les trois étapes de mise en œuvre. Nos recherches ont débuté par une approche auprès de neuf terrains dits préliminaires qui nous ont permis d’obtenir les éléments nécessaires à la construction de notre modèle de management stratégique de la Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises. Nous avons ensuite testé notre modèle auprès de deux organisations en menant une étude longitudinale de près de trois ans. / Today the Corporate Social Responsibility can be considered as particularly relevant as far as the operational management of companies and organisations are concerned. It is indeed necessary to clarify the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility because this notion does not only concern the social aspects of organisations, and it does not apply only to companies. First of all, this concept should be applied in the decisions and practice of Strategic Management and be set up thanks to strategic engineering. Eventually, the impacts on the general performance of companies or on organisations will be assessed at three different levels: environmental, social and economical in order to measure the efficiency and the efficacy along the periods of time. We suggest a model to facilitate the implementation of Social Responsibility in the companies through a three dimensional engineering. It consists of the three main lines of the Corporate Social Responsibility and its implementation process which includes three different stages. We drew on our research on nine different preliminary fields from which we have obtained the necessary elements to develop our model of Corporate Social Responsibility strategic management. Then we have tested this model on two organisations and we carried out a three year longitudinal analysis.

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There has been few research studies aimed at investigating strategy in small businesses. The current study sought to contribute to small business management and help small businesses attain success as they are important in any economy. Furthermore to close the gap as a response to the call for research in what people actually do when strategising. The following study explored the strategising practices of small business managers from the accommodation sector and the tools they use when strategising. A total of 12 interviews were conducted during the period 2014-2015 in the Tshwane metropolitan area. The findings of the study show that small business managers strategise although not in the way proposed by literature which may reveal that strategy-as-practice may be more appropriate for small businesses. The findings also show the tools that small business managers use in strategising. The research will serve as a contribution to the current challenges facing small businesses in the practice of strategic management or lack thereof in the managing of small businesses to ensure success. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

"Can you define 'plan' as 'a loose sequence of manifestly inadequate observations and conjectures, held together by panic, indecision, and ignorance'? If so, it was a very good plan." Jonathan Stroud, The Ring of Solomon Jonathan Stroud knew that a plan cannot stand alone and needs more. Every business needs a strategy. Academics in the field of strategic management have bewailed the field's disparate, ambiguous nature. The question arises: how can these concerns be compliant with the substantial success that strategic management experienced in the past? The weaknesses of strategic management seem to be its strengths. In their study, Nag, Hambrick and Chen (2007) suggest that strategic management acts as an intellectual dealer entity, which thrives by enabling the simultaneous pursuit of multiple research orientations by a variety of disciplinary and philosophical regimes. The Bain and Company Management Tools and Trends, (Rigby & Bilodeau 2011) indicated the importance of management tools and how these tools can enhance an organisation's ability to strategise for the future. Mankins and Steele (2005) identified factors resulting in a strategy-to-performance gap and made recommendations on how an organisation can minimise such gaps. Tait and Nienaber (2010) came to the conclusion that the use of management tools could reduce challenges of formulation, implementation and evaluation resulting in closing or minimising the strategy-to-performance gap. In view of the findings of these three above-mentioned studies, this study of SAEO aimed to explore (identify, describe and understand) what factors top, middle and frontline managers perceived to hinder strategy implementation at SAEO during the 2009/10-2010/11 financial years, resulting in a strategy-to-performance gap and to determine how these factors affect the organisation. This study was conducted as a qualitative case study that used empirical evidence from real people in a real-life organisation. Data was collected from a South African electronics organisation (henceforth referred to as SAEO) involving 14 managers at three different hierarchical levels (top, middle and frontline managers). They were required to answer semi-structured questions on to how these strategy-formulation-implementation-evaluation phases affect their working environment. The interviews were conducted at the premises of the organisation and permission was sought from the CEO who granted permission for the researcher to request the managers to participate. Information was used from previous authors and a replication study was conducted using the Mankins and Steele (2005) and Tait and Nienaber (2010) studies. The purpose of this study was to identify, describe and understand "what factors, if any, hinder strategy implementation" (Ehlers & Lazenby, 2004; Mankins & Steele, 2005; Tait & Nienaber, 2010). Ehlers and Lazenby (2004:117) and Mankins and Steele (2005:66) have indicated that strategy implementation is the most difficult part of the strategic management process. In the Mankins and Steele (2005) and Tait and Nienaber (2010) studies, although the order differed, the most prevalent performance factors contributing to the strategy-to-performance gap were identified as a lack of focus/conflicting priorities and no resources, inadequate skills and capabilities, unclear accountabilities for execution, insufficient rewards and consequences and poorly communicated strategies. The results of this SAEO study confirmed that ineffective communication, followed by inadequate monitoring; insufficient leadership and no approved strategy were the main reasons for the strategy-to-performance gap. It seemed as if SAEO had a bigger challenge in communicating its strategy to employees than was the case in the Mankins and Steele (2005) and the Tait and Nienaber (2010) studies. Although the biggest challenge at the four South African Life Insurers (Tait & Nienaber, 2010) was inadequate or unavailable resources, the challenge at SAEO was ineffective communication and it was evident that it should be addressed to close the strategy-to-performance gap. Both challenges are part of the strategy implementation phase although communication could be related to formulation, implementation and evaluation of strategy. Although the results (ranking of factors indicated to contribute to the strategy-to-performance phenomenon) of this study did not entirely concur with the studies of Mankins and Steele (2005) and Tait and Nienaber (2010), the important fact remains that without a formulated strategy on how to ensure survival and growth of an organisation, challenges such as ineffective communication and/or inadequate or unavailable resources which were found in the three studies (Mankins & Steele, 2005; Tait & Nienaber, 2010; and the SAEO study) will have a negative effect on an organisation's future growth and prosperity. It became evident from this (SAEO) study that every member of an organisation will be affected should a strategy-to-performance gap exist. Therefore it is crucial that each organisation timeously identify possible factors that can result in a strategy-to-performance gap and determine what can be done to close or narrow those performance gaps. Lear (2012) contends that even if an organisation has the most outstanding strategy, the strategy will mean nothing if it is not understood at all levels within the organisation. That includes all processes to be aligned to achieve the organisation's objectives. / Business Management / M. Tech. (Business Administration)

O socioambientalismo é uma vertente recente do movimento ambientalista no Rio Grande do Sul, com grande expressão em países com vasta biodiversidade como o Brasil. As características deste país, que associa a existência da expressiva biodiversidade com a presença de povos indígenas e comunidades tradicionais, evidenciam a necessidade de desenvolverem-se mecanismos de gestão ambiental que considerem tanto a sociobiodiversidade como as atividades produtivas. A metodologia, de natureza qualitativa, constou de pesquisa documental e levantamento de dados primários. Partindo de um estudo exploratório, com a intenção de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a história do (socio)ambientalismo no Estado. A pesquisa documental foi realizada a partir de documentos técnicos, normativos e regulatórios, e pesquisa nos sites das ONGs ambientalistas do Estado, documentários e entrevistas de rádio, que foram veiculados desde 1990. Partindo de uma leitura da ecologia política, objetivou-se compreender o processo de construção do socioambientalismo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir do estabelecimento da gestão socioambiental, resultante da relação do movimento (socio)ambientalista com o processo de estruturação do Estado. Para tanto, foram traçados os seguintes objetivos específicos: a) caracterizar os atores e sua contribuição para a construção do socioambientalismo no Estado; b) periodizar o processo de evolução das políticas ambientais, a partir da relação do movimento (socio)ambientalista com o processo de estruturação do Estado; c) analisar o processo de construção do socioambientalismo, a partir da implementação da gestão socioambiental. Para tanto, dá-se destaque às políticas ambientais, analisando se essas se revelam com enfoque protecionista ou se foram elaboradas considerando os aspectos sociais, de modo a abranger um caráter socioambientalista. Esta pesquisa assume um caráter interdisciplinar, no escopo da ecologia política, em diálogo com a sociologia ambiental e a gestão socioambiental, buscando entender as transformações da política e da gestão ambiental no Rio Grande do Sul, a partir de uma periodização. Nesse contexto, as categorias analisadas foram: movimento ambientalista, movimento socioambientalista, períodos, manejo florestal, gestão socioambiental e política pública ambiental. Foram identificados três períodos, evidenciando a estruturação da política ambiental do Estado relacionada às transformações do movimento ambientalista e à incorporação de uma perspectiva socioambientalista nas políticas. O primeiro período, intitulado Protecionista - Intelectual, está demarcado entre os anos 1940 a 1979; o segundo período, Institucional – Imobilizado, está demarcado entre os anos de 1980 a 1999; o terceiro período, intitulado Regulamentário – Extensionista, está demarcado entre os anos 2000 a 2015. Ele é caracterizado pelo reconhecimento de diferentes visões de sociedade-natureza, em algumas das quais o homem se identifica enquanto natureza. Considera-se que o socioambientalismo no Estado não avançou em processos de inclusão da sociobiodiversidade na pauta ambiental, como em outras regiões do país. Entretanto, constituiu-se um movimento com perspectiva socioambiental, o qual contribuiu para a estruturação da política ambiental florestal, por meio de processos pioneiros de manejo florestal, aproximando a gestão socioambiental do manejo da propriedade rural, imprimindo um caráter de extensão ambiental. Este trabalho avança na direção da aceitação da gestão socioambiental nas esferas de governo e na conservação ambiental como uma dimensão do desenvolvimento rural. / Socioenvironmentalism is a recent strand of the environmental movement in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), greatly relevant in countries with vast biodiversity such as Brazil. The characteristics of this country, which combines the existence of significant biodiversity with the presence of indigenous peoples and traditional communities, demonstrate the need to develop environmental management mechanisms that consider both socio-biodiversity and productive activities. The study applied a qualitative method comprising documentary research and primary data collection. It started from an exploratory study aimed at deepening the knowledge about the history of the (socio)environmentalism in the state of RS, Brasil. Documentary research included technical, normative and regulatory documents, as well as research on websites of environmental NGOs working in the state, documentaries and radio interviews broadcasted since 1990. Based on political ecology theories, the objective was to understand the construction of socioenvironmentalism in RS, through the establishment of socio-environmental public policies, resulting from the interaction between the (socio)environmentalist movement and the state structuring process. Thus, the following specific objectives were defined: a) characterizing the actors and their contribution to the construction of socio-environmentalism in RS; b) to establish chronological frameworks for the process of evolution of environmental policies, based on the relationship of the (socio)environmentalist movement with the structuring of the state; c) to analyze the process of construction of socio-environmentalism, through the implementation of socio-environmental public management. To this end, emphasis is placed on environmental policies, by examining whether they carry a protectionist approach or were formulated considering the social aspects, so that to cover a socio-environmentalist character. This research takes an interdisciplinary approach, within the scope of political ecology, in dialogue with environmental sociology and social and environmental public management, seeking to understand the transformations of politics and environmental management in Rio Grande do Sul, through chronological frameworks. In this context, the analyzed categories were: environmental movement, social-environmentalist movement, time-frames, forest management, socio-environmental management and environmental public policy. Three periods were identified, evidencing the structuring of the state's environmental policy related to the transformations of the environmental movement and the incorporation of a socioenvironmental perspective in the policies. The first period, named Protectionist - Intellectual, is delimited between the years 1940 to 1979; the second period, Institutional - Immobilized, between 1980 and 1999; the third period, named Regulatory - Extensionist, between the years 2000 to 2015. It is characterized by the recognition of different views of society-nature, in some of which human being equates to nature. Findings show that socio-environmentalism in the state did not advance in including socio-biodiversity into the environmental agenda as occurred in other regions of the country. However, a socio-environmental perspective was created, which contributed to the structuring of the forestry environmental policy, through pioneering processes of forest management, bringing socio-environmental management closer to rural activities, ascribing a character of environmental extension. This work advances towards the acceptance of socio-environmental management in the spheres of government and environmental conservation as a dimension of rural development.

O presente trabalho pretende contribuir para a análise do processo de gestão costeira no Brasil, ao acompanhar e analisar a implementação de um projeto local de gestão costeira integrada - o projeto Ecomanage, que está sendo desenvolvido na região estuarina de Santos - São Vicente, SP (em fase final) e que pretende fornecer ferramentas gerenciais práticas e eficientes para auxiliar na tomada de decisão. A gestão costeira integrada, atual paradígima da gestão costeira mundial e cujos princípios foram incorporados pelo Programa Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro do Brasil, é um processo interativo que vai se redefinindo ao longo do tempo e de acordo com a experiência. Para tal, é necessário que se concretizem avaliações quanto às dificuldades e oportunidades encontradas, de maneira a que os seus procedimentos sejam retificados de acordo e suas metas sejam cumpridas para se concretizar o seu objetivo maior, o de promover o desenvolvimento sustentável das zonas costeiras. Na avaliação efetuada do projeto Ecomanage verificou-se que a sua implementação foi fortemente influenciada por condicionantes de natureza político-institucional, técnico-administrativo e sócio-cultural, em muito comuns aos que têm sido apontados para o gerenciamento consteiro nacional e também mundial. No entanto, apesar das dificuldades, foi possível estabelecer uma importante colaboração com atores locais da região, tendo sido, inclusive, firmado parcerias com atores governamentais que irão possibilitar continuar o trabalho iniciado pelo projeto. / The present work intends to promote the debate about coastal management in Brazil by analyzing the implementation of a local project of integrated coastal management - the Ecomanage project, that is being developed in the Santos - São Vicente estuarine system, SP, Brazil, (in its final phase), which main goals are to provide effective and practical management tools to assist in decision-making. Integrated coastal management is the actual paradigm in coastal management and its principles have been incorporated to Brazil\'s National Coastal Management Programme. Being an iterative process that redefines itself as it is developed and practice is acquired, evaluation of its main difficulties and opportunities is essential to guide its procedures in order to achive its main objective, the sustainable development of coastal zones. The evaluation made to project Ecomanage showed that there were important political, institutional, technical and socio-cultural obstacles to its implementation and that these were at a large extent similar to those that have been identified in coastal management practiced in Brazil and in the world. Nevertheless, important cooperation relationships with local parties could still be established and partnerships carry on the work initiated by the Ecomanage project in the region.