No description available.

<p>Uppsatsen handlar om kvinnors organisering i sociala rörelser i Argentina under två olika perio-der: diktaturen 1976 -83 och den ekonomiska krisen 2001/2002. Syftet har varit att undersöka utifrån vilka syften och med vilka strategier kvinnor har organiserat sig under dessa perioder, samt att se om det finns likheter eller skillnader mellan dessa.</p><p>De rörelser som undersökts har varit: Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo, olika grannskapsorgani-sationer och hemmafrurörelser, samt piqueteros, clubes de trueque, fábricas/empresas recupera-das och asambleas vecinales.</p><p>Rörelserna har huvudsakligen analyserats utifrån feministiska och genusvetenskapliga teorier. Framförallt har jag utgått från en diskussion inom feminismen som handlar om skillnaden mellan kvinnoorganisationers strategiska och praktiska intressen. Många kvinnorörelser i Argentina, liksom i Latinamerika i stort, har organiserat sig utifrån en identifiering med en traditionell kvinnlig genuskonstruktion, det vill säga med moderskapet och med sysslor i hemmet. Utifrån det ställningstagandet har kvinnorna i rörelserna också ofta tagit avstånd ifrån politik och politis-ka strukturer. Den feministiska diskussion som berörs i uppsatsen handlar huvudsakligen om positiva och negativa konsekvenser av ett sådant ställningstagande. Jag har också använt teorier om sociala rörelser liksom annan sekundärlitteratur och historiska beskrivningar av den politiska och ekonomiska kontexten i Argentina.</p><p>Slutsatserna är dock långt ifrån entydiga och beror till stor del på vilket perspektiv man väljer att anta, samt vilken källa man använder sig av. I vissa fall kan man se att den ”opolitiska” roll som många kvinnor identifierat sig med faktiskt varit en förutsättning för att utöva politiskt för-ändringsarbete i realiteten. Medan det i andra fall tvärtom tycks vara så att denna identifiering kan ha underlättat reproducerandet av klientellistiska och populistiska politiska strukturer och att kvinnor (genom sitt genus) lätt blir offer för dessa. Genom det förhållandet minskar också deras möjligheter till verkligt inflytande.</p>

Uppsatsen handlar om kvinnors organisering i sociala rörelser i Argentina under två olika perio-der: diktaturen 1976 -83 och den ekonomiska krisen 2001/2002. Syftet har varit att undersöka utifrån vilka syften och med vilka strategier kvinnor har organiserat sig under dessa perioder, samt att se om det finns likheter eller skillnader mellan dessa. De rörelser som undersökts har varit: Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo, olika grannskapsorgani-sationer och hemmafrurörelser, samt piqueteros, clubes de trueque, fábricas/empresas recupera-das och asambleas vecinales. Rörelserna har huvudsakligen analyserats utifrån feministiska och genusvetenskapliga teorier. Framförallt har jag utgått från en diskussion inom feminismen som handlar om skillnaden mellan kvinnoorganisationers strategiska och praktiska intressen. Många kvinnorörelser i Argentina, liksom i Latinamerika i stort, har organiserat sig utifrån en identifiering med en traditionell kvinnlig genuskonstruktion, det vill säga med moderskapet och med sysslor i hemmet. Utifrån det ställningstagandet har kvinnorna i rörelserna också ofta tagit avstånd ifrån politik och politis-ka strukturer. Den feministiska diskussion som berörs i uppsatsen handlar huvudsakligen om positiva och negativa konsekvenser av ett sådant ställningstagande. Jag har också använt teorier om sociala rörelser liksom annan sekundärlitteratur och historiska beskrivningar av den politiska och ekonomiska kontexten i Argentina. Slutsatserna är dock långt ifrån entydiga och beror till stor del på vilket perspektiv man väljer att anta, samt vilken källa man använder sig av. I vissa fall kan man se att den ”opolitiska” roll som många kvinnor identifierat sig med faktiskt varit en förutsättning för att utöva politiskt för-ändringsarbete i realiteten. Medan det i andra fall tvärtom tycks vara så att denna identifiering kan ha underlättat reproducerandet av klientellistiska och populistiska politiska strukturer och att kvinnor (genom sitt genus) lätt blir offer för dessa. Genom det förhållandet minskar också deras möjligheter till verkligt inflytande.

Limited research has been conducted to examine traditional female Mexican American gender role beliefs and its impact on depression. In order to address the research questions, this dissertation developed two manuscripts. The first manuscript is a literature review that examines research concerning depression, Mexican American female gender role beliefs, and Self-Discrepancy theory. The second manuscript is a quantitative study that investigates the impact gender role beliefs and partner status has on depression in Mexican American women. Furthermore, the second manuscript suggests variables that contribute to depression in Mexican American women and recommendations for clinicians. The aim of the second manuscript is to examine the literature concerning depression in Mexican American women and the ways in which traditional gender role beliefs and self-discrepancies may impact Mexican American women's mental health. This dissertation begins by examining the literature concerning depression in Mexican American women. It then explores Mexican American women's gender role socialization, including a review of the values that are taught through this process. This study then provides an in depth inspection of the ideal of marianismo, which guides traditional Mexican American women's gender role beliefs. Next it progresses to discuss Self-Discrepancy theory and possible mental health outcomes. Examples of possible self-discrepancies related to traditional Mexican American women's gender role beliefs are provided to illustrate how depression may occur when self-discrepancies are present. Finally, it provides recommendations for clinicians who work with depressed Mexican American women. The second manuscript examines the impact of traditional gender role beliefs and partner status on depression in a sample of 325 Mexican American women. It is hypothesized that an interaction effect between partner status and gender role beliefs will be found, whereas Mexican American women who are unpartnered and have traditional gender role beliefs will experience a greater amount of depression, due to the presence of a discrepancy. Contrarily, results from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) found no interaction between partner status and gender role beliefs on depression. The manuscript provides possible explanations for such findings. In addition, results from a hierarchical regression indicate that level of education and the family pillar aspect of marianismo significantly impact depression in Mexican American women.

The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical overview of how Latina gender-role beliefs are developed through cultural transmission and to review the components of the construct of Marianismo and its impact on gender-role beliefs. Marianismo is used to illustrate the influence of traditional Latino cultural beliefs on the gender-role identity of women and helps shape how they behave in private and social settings. Latinas (a term used throughout this manuscript to refer specifically to females of Hispanic or Latin American origin), who have stronger traditional values, potentially disregard their health, safety, and educational needs, which can have a serious impact on mental health and service use. To measure this phenomenon, a scale measuring Marianismo beliefs was created to assess how traditional Latina women behave in terms of their gender-role beliefs. This author aimed to revalidate that scale on an international sample in Mexico. The sample for this study included 454 women from different parts of Mexico. Confirmatory factor analysis of the MBS items supported the original five-factor loading. Consistent with the initial validation study, the MBS-I demonstrated high levels of reliability and validity. All five Marianismo dimensions exhibited convergent validity with the traditional gender role dimension of the Mexican American Cultural Values Scale (MACVS). The scale also demonstrated convergence with the overall score for enculturation as measured with the Latino/a Values Scale (LVS) instrument. Implications and recommendations for embracing cultural competence, improving help-seeking behaviors, and treatment suggestions are provided.

Few studies apply the Eriksonian model of identity formation to cross-cultural samples (3), even though issues of ethnicity and culture may inform a Hispanic woman’s self-concept (Phinney, 1996). Hispanic women may also be influenced by traditional gender role behaviors such as passivity or dependence that are outlined by marianismo (Stevens, 1973). A recent study of a multiethnic sample of emerging adult women and men found that purpose commitment mediated the effects of identity commitment on hope and life satisfaction (Burrow & Hill, 2011). The current research consists of two studies that replicate and expand upon the work of Burrow and Hill (2011). Study I replicated the work of Burrow and Hill (2011) among a sample of emerging adult Hispanic women, in order to assess the extent to which the original findings would replicate in a culturally distinct sample. Study II examined the role of marianismo, ethnic identity, and acculturation on identity commitment among emerging adult Hispanic women. Both studies utilized a sample of 532 female undergraduate psychology students, age 18 to 25, who self-identified as Hispanic and submitted data via online surveys. Both studies used self-report, quantitative data, which was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results from Study I indicated good model fit and replicated the findings from Burrow and Hill (2011). Specifically, the direct effect of identity commitment on hope was fully contingent upon an individual’s level of purpose commitment, while the effect of identity commitment on life satisfaction was not contingent upon an individual’s level of purpose commitment. Results from Study II indicated that marianismo, Spanish proficiency, familiarity with Latino culture, and familiarity with American culture demonstrated statistically significant direct effects on identity commitment among emerging adult Hispanic women. Results indicated cultural convergence regarding the association of an individual’s identity with well-being through a sense of purpose. Findings also revealed the role of cultural factors in the extent to which Hispanic women commit to a personal identity. Future studies should employ mixed method research designs as a means to better ascertain implications of findings.

No description available.

Neste conteudo se faz um abordagem do Feminismo Católico, de um dos seus principais representantes, a jornalista e literata Zoila Aurora Cáceres, que veio para formar o grupo de defença do voto fiminino com uma organização que teve seu próprio nome. É possível considerar que o feminismo Católico, tinha-se pouco explorado até agora, esta pesquisa quer destacar, especialmente, os conteúdos republicanos e Marianistas do seus discursos. Neste último caso, o marianismo, é um compoente cultural e afetiva ideológica da entronização profunda, que foram absorvidos pelas propostas feministas. Nossa pesquisa quer entender as influências do Marianismo na política e na prática privada das mulheres sufragistas ou progressistas. O Marianismo foi uma projeção política contenida nas propostas de Cáceres, que podemos apreciar em suas obras e, geralmente tem como momento cúspide um projeto que deixará de ser liderado por ele, mas que se encaixa perfeitamente com a sua proposta. Isso será possível enchergar por exemplo, nas práticas políticas das nove primeiras parlamentarias eleitas em 1956. / En este estudio se examina el desarrollo del feminismo católico a través de sus la historia republicana del Perú. Se incide en una de sus principales representantes, la periodista y literata Zoila Aurora Cáceres, quien llegó a conformar el grupo de defensa del sufragio femenino con su propio nombre. Es posible considerar que el Feminismo Católico, contuvo planteamientos poco explorados hasta el momento, que esta investigación desea resaltar, en especial sus contenidos republicanos y marianistas. En el último caso, el Marianismo, es un componente ideológico de profunda entronización cultural y afectiva, que imbuyó gran parte de las propuestas feministas. La investigación desea comprender las influencias del marianismo en la práctica política y privada de las sufragistas o las mujeres vanguardistas. La proyección política del marianismo expresado por Cáceres, se irá delineando en sus obras y tendrá su momento de realización cúspide en un proyecto que ya no será liderado por ella, pero que calza a la perfección con su propuesta. Esto será posible de apreciar por ejemplo, en las prácticas políticas de las primeras nueve parlamentarias elegidas en 1956.

The proposed study will investigate how individuals of different acculturation types vary in their levels of acculturative stress and marianismo. First-generation Brazilian immigrant females will complete a demographic questionnaire, as well as measures of acculturation, marianismo, and acculturative stress. Two 1-way ANOVA analyses and one 1-way ANCOVA analysis will be conducted in order to explore the relationship between these variables. It is proposed that Brazilian immigrant women’s levels of acculturative stress and marianismo will vary by acculturation type. It is further proposed that measuring adherance to traditional gender roles as varying by acculturation type rather than level will yield a more nuanced understanding of this relationship by not confounding integrated and marginalized individuals. Implications and limitations of the study’s potential findings will be discussed. Lastly, a program evaluation perspective will be presented to further explicate the implications of the current study for mental health outcomes and the provision of mental health services to Brazilian immigrant women. / text

This study is constructed upon narratives of fourteen young women, who have been working in prostitution since they were street children in central Lima, and acknowledges their stigmatization in the Peruvian society, and how they challenge their socially constructed position. By combining narrative method with an intersectional analysis I have, through a multi-layered loupe, interpreted the young women’s interpretation of themselves and their social world. I will bring forward how these young women view their subordinate and stigmatized position through their narratives surrounding their bodies as shameful, culpable, sexual and fixed. This stigmatization is intersectional as it surrounds all parts of their lives and situatedness within the Peruvian society. This situatedness is complex, involving hierarchical structures that have been present in Peru since colonization and imperialism (cf. Wade 2009). In addition, I will bring forward how the young women engage in strategies to challenge this stigmatization by applying measures to increase their respectability (cf. Skeggs).