Os resultados da produção comercial de quatro lotes de \'Ostras do Pacífico\', espécie Crassostrea gigas, correspondentes às safras dos anos 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09 foram obtidos de uma fazenda marinha localizada no sul da Ilha de Santa Catarina, no Estado que lidera a produção nacional de moluscos bivalves. Como o processo de engorda das ostras nestas áreas é totalmente realizado em águas marinhas, a relação das características do ambiente de cultivo e o sucesso da produção se fazem evidentes. Dados de temperatura superficial in situ, de concentração de clorofila a obtidos por sensoriamento remoto, de eventos de frentes frias e períodos de El Niño e La Niña foram analisados com o objetivo de estudar possíveis influências destas variáveis ambientais sobre o cultivo das ostras. Os resultados indicaram que os primeiros estágios de cultivo parecem ser decisivos para sobrevivência e rendimento final das safras. A temperatura parece ser o fator principal para a sobrevivência das ostras apresentando uma correlação negativa com a mesma, sendo a clorofila fator secundário, podendo, aparentemente, mitigar os efeitos negativos das altas temperaturas quando em concentrações elevadas. Para o desenvolvimento das ostras a clorofila foi o fator principal. Os eventos de frentes frias, associados a períodos de El Niño e La Niña, parecem influenciar na variação da clorofila na Baía Sul da Ilha de Santa Catarina. / Results of four allotments from a commercial culture of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, relative to the 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08 and 2008/09 crops were obtained from a marine farm located in the South of Santa Catarina Island, in the main national area for bivalve production. As the grow-out phase of those mollusks is completely performed in the marine environment, the relation between environmental characteristics and the culture success is made clear. In situ sea surface temperature data, remote sensing chlorophyll a concentration data, cold fronts events and El Niño and La Niña periods were evaluated in order to study possible influences of the environmental characteristics upon oyster performance. Results indicated the performance in the first stages as critical regarding both final survival and output of the crops. Temperature seems to be the main responsible factor for survival, based on a negative regression, whereas chlorophyll plays a secondary role in survival but apparently can mitigate the negative effects of elevated temperatures when available in elevated concentrations. On the other hand, chlorophyll is apparently the main factor for oyster development. Cold fronts events associated with El Niño and La Niña periods seem to influence chlorophyll variation in the South Bay of Santa Catarina Island.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-14T14:32:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Izabel Cristina da Silva Almeida.pdf: 3784157 bytes, checksum: 9dd220764f324bfa5ddd8bbf00714adf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T14:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Izabel Cristina da Silva Almeida.pdf: 3784157 bytes, checksum: 9dd220764f324bfa5ddd8bbf00714adf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-09 / This work aimed to delimit collective aquaculture areas to the “native oyster” Crassostrea rhizophorae farming, as part of the Mariculture Development Local Plan in the Pernambuco’s north coast. Indicators were identified, selected and hierarquized to enable the elaboration of a conceptual model subsidizing the selection process of potential oyster farming areas. Depth measurements were realized in transversal sections of the estuarine channels using ecobathimeter linked to a GPS (Global Positioning System) and a Palmtop. In the of aquaculture area demarcation was used eight environmental indicators, seven socioeconomic and five of production/logistics to subsidize the selection process of the oyster farming potential areas. Three preferential areas were delimited, in which six collective aquaculture areas were demarcated, being three in the municipality of Goiana (estuary of the river Itapessoca), two in Igarassu (estuary of the river Timbó) and one in Itapissuma (Santa Cruz channel), where 263 individual aquaculture areas could be inserted, totalizing 77,2 ha of collective aquaculture areas. / O presente trabalho visa a delimitação parques aqüícolas para o cultivo da “ostra nativa” Crassostrea rhizophorae os quais integram o Plano Local de Desenvolvimento da Maricultura no litoral norte de Pernambuco. Foram identificados, selecionados e hierarquizados descritores que possibilitaram a elaboração de um modelo conceitual subsidiando o processo de seleção de áreas potenciais para fins de ostreicultura. Realizou-se a batimetria nas secções transversais dos canais estuarinos selecionados com o auxílio de um ecobatímetro acoplado a GPS (Global Positioning System) e Palmtop. Posteriormente, com um GPS geodésico foi realizada a demarcação dos parques aqüícolas. Identificaram-se oito descritores ambientais, sete sócio-econômicos e cinco de produção/logística capazes de subsidiar no processo de seleção das áreas potenciais ao cultivo de ostra. Foram delimitadas três faixas de preferência, nas quais demarcaram-se seis parques aqüícolas, sendo três pertencentes ao município de Goiana (estuário do rio Itapessoca), dois de Igarassu (estuário do rio Timbó) e um de Itapissuma (canal de Santa Cruz.), onde poderão ser inseridas 263 áreas aqüícolas, totalizando 77,2 ha de parques aqüícolas.

Os resultados da produção comercial de quatro lotes de \'Ostras do Pacífico\', espécie Crassostrea gigas, correspondentes às safras dos anos 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09 foram obtidos de uma fazenda marinha localizada no sul da Ilha de Santa Catarina, no Estado que lidera a produção nacional de moluscos bivalves. Como o processo de engorda das ostras nestas áreas é totalmente realizado em águas marinhas, a relação das características do ambiente de cultivo e o sucesso da produção se fazem evidentes. Dados de temperatura superficial in situ, de concentração de clorofila a obtidos por sensoriamento remoto, de eventos de frentes frias e períodos de El Niño e La Niña foram analisados com o objetivo de estudar possíveis influências destas variáveis ambientais sobre o cultivo das ostras. Os resultados indicaram que os primeiros estágios de cultivo parecem ser decisivos para sobrevivência e rendimento final das safras. A temperatura parece ser o fator principal para a sobrevivência das ostras apresentando uma correlação negativa com a mesma, sendo a clorofila fator secundário, podendo, aparentemente, mitigar os efeitos negativos das altas temperaturas quando em concentrações elevadas. Para o desenvolvimento das ostras a clorofila foi o fator principal. Os eventos de frentes frias, associados a períodos de El Niño e La Niña, parecem influenciar na variação da clorofila na Baía Sul da Ilha de Santa Catarina. / Results of four allotments from a commercial culture of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, relative to the 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08 and 2008/09 crops were obtained from a marine farm located in the South of Santa Catarina Island, in the main national area for bivalve production. As the grow-out phase of those mollusks is completely performed in the marine environment, the relation between environmental characteristics and the culture success is made clear. In situ sea surface temperature data, remote sensing chlorophyll a concentration data, cold fronts events and El Niño and La Niña periods were evaluated in order to study possible influences of the environmental characteristics upon oyster performance. Results indicated the performance in the first stages as critical regarding both final survival and output of the crops. Temperature seems to be the main responsible factor for survival, based on a negative regression, whereas chlorophyll plays a secondary role in survival but apparently can mitigate the negative effects of elevated temperatures when available in elevated concentrations. On the other hand, chlorophyll is apparently the main factor for oyster development. Cold fronts events associated with El Niño and La Niña periods seem to influence chlorophyll variation in the South Bay of Santa Catarina Island.

A partir do Gerenciamento Costeiro Integrado como referencial teórico, este trabalho reconhece a necessidade de organização da sociedade civil para sua fundamental participação nos processos de discussão e elaboração de políticas públicas. A maricultura se apresenta como atividade emergente e alternativa às comunidades pesqueiras, no Litoral Norte de São Paulo, porém demanda organização para sua efetiva inserção nos espaços participativos. Para isto, foram identificadas e analisadas as instâncias participativas, relacionadas à maricultura, como associações, colônias e conselhos, existentes nos quatro municípios do Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo, Ilhabela, São Sebastião, Caraguatatuba e Ubatuba, com foco no processo de representação social. Foram feitos levantamentos das formas de associativismo e representação e dos conselhos de aquicultura atuantes na região; análises da estrutura organizacional destes conselhos e associações com base em seus estatutos sociais, leis ou decretos de criação e regimentos internos como forma de identificar maiores ou menores graus de institucionalidade e práticas de gestão que influenciem na viabilidade e eficiência da representação; e, análises da representação das associações nos conselhos, a partir da perspectiva de seus membros e da observação das reuniões. Grande sobreposição de funções sobre os poucos maricultores reconhecidos como lideranças pelos demais foi registrada, o que acaba por gerar um ciclo vicioso que mantém a maioria dos membros fora do processo de discussão por acreditarem que outra pessoa, mais bem preparada, irá fazê-lo. A hipótese de que a baixa capacidade de representação está diretamente relacionada à relativa pequena importância da maricultura na vida do associado e do representante foi discutida e respaldada com as observações realizadas. O envolvimento da sociedade civil nos processos participativos, como representantes e representados, mostrou-se dependente da organização e do próprio funcionamento dos espaços participativos (e.g., agenda definida, auxílio transporte e alimentação). / From the Integrated Coastal Management as a theoretical framework, this paper recognizes the need for civil society organizations for their participation in the fundamental processes of discussion and public policy development. The mariculture activity is presented as emerging alternative to fishing communities on the North Coast of São Paulo, but demand for their effective integration organization in participatory spaces. For this, we identified and analyzed the participatory bodies, related to mariculture, such as associations, councils and settlements, existing in the four municipalities of the North Coast of São Paulo, Ilhabela, São Sebastião, Ubatuba and Caraguatatuba, focusing on the process of social representation. There have been made surveys on the forms of associations, representation and advice from the current aquiculture in the region; analysis of the councils and associations\' organizational structure based on their social status, laws or decrees of creation and internal regulations; in order to identify greater or lesser degrees of institutional and management practices that influence the viability and efficiency of the representation analysis of representation on the boards of associations, from the perspective of its members and observation of meetings. Large overlapping functions on the few shellfishermen recognized as leaders by others was registered, which ultimately generates a vicious cycle that keeps most members out of the discussion process for believing that another person, better prepared, will do it. The hypothesis that the low capacity of representation is directly related to the relative importance of small mariculture in the life of the member\'s representative was discussed and supported with the observations. The involvement of civil society in participatory processes, as representatives and represented, has been shown dependent on the organization and proper functioning of participatory spaces (eg, set agenda, transportation and food aid).

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Civil Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The hydrodynamic effects of long-line mussel farms are studied through a two-pronged approach. Large-scale hydrodynamic effects are investigated through the use of field measurements, primarily at a large mussel farm in Golden Bay, New Zealand (230 long-lines, covering an area of 2.45 km by 0.65 km). The research focuses on three areas: the effect of the farm on currents, mixing and stratification, and the dissipation of wave energy. Measurements are also made of the forces on long-line anchor ropes, and a limited investigation is made of phytoplankton depletion. The second approach is the use of laboratory drag measurements and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) to study the effect of mussel dropper (vertical lengths of mussel-encrusted crop rope) roughness and spacing on flow at small scales. These experiments provide data on very rough cylinders, and on cylinder arrays. The field measurements show that the local effects of mussel farms on currents are significant, but that magnitudes of the effects depend on dropper density, mussel sizes, orientation of the long-lines to the flow, and other parameters that are necessary to characterise the complex interactions between a farm and the flow. The drag on the submerged structures reduces water velocities within the Golden Bay farm by between 47% and 67%. Mussel farms present a porous obstacle to the flow, and flow that does not pass through the farm must be directed around or beneath it. The field measurements indicate that at the study site, most of the flow is diverted around the farm despite its large horizontal dimensions. The droppers at the study site extend over most of the water column (average dropper length ~ 8 m, average water depth ~ 11 m), providing a restriction to the flow beneath the farm. The strength of the density stratification may also favour a horizontal diversion. The flow around the farm is essentially two-dimensional. This suggests that two-dimensional numerical models should be sufficient to obtain reasonable predictions of the velocity drop within, and the diversion around, mussel farms. A simple two-dimensional pipe-network model gives reasonable estimates of the velocity within the farm, demonstrating that the drag of the farm may be adequately parameterised through local increases of bed friction. A wake in the form of reduced velocities extends downstream of the farm, and a mixing layer analogy suggests that this wake spreads slowly. The downstream extent of the wake cannot be determined, although it is likely to be limited by the tidal excursion. The degree of vertical mixing caused by the flow through a mussel farm cannot be quantified, although there are clear interactions between the stratification and the farm. Two mixing mechanisms are considered. A shear layer is generated beneath the farm due to the difference in velocities between the retarded flow within the farm and the flow beneath. Shear layers beneath mussel farms are likely to be weak unless the ambient currents are strong. It will be necessary for stratification to be weak or non-existent for this mechanism to generate significant mixing. The second mechanism is smaller-scale turbulence generated by the mussel droppers. Although the efficiency of this form of mixing is likely to be low, the large number of mussel droppers suggests that there will be some enhancement of vertical mixing. Frequency-dependent wave attenuation is recorded, and is predicted with some success by an analytical model. Both the model and the field data show that wave dissipation increases as the wave period decreases. Wave energy dissipation at the study site averages approximately 10%, although the measurements are made during a period of low wave heights (Hs < 0.25 m). Measurements of long-line anchor rope tension at two study sites indicate that the loadings are induced by the tide, currents, and waves. Dynamic wave loadings may be significant, and higher wave forces are measured at the offshore end of a long-line. The issue of seston or phytoplankton depletion is considered briefly through the examination of fluorescence, turbidity, and acoustic backscatter data. Although the results are consistent with a reduction of seston within the farm, differences between the inside and outside of the farm are not statistically significant. Mussel droppers resemble extremely rough circular cylinders, with the mussel shells forming the surface roughness elements. Drag measurements and PTV flow visualisation are used to investigate the importance of the large surface roughness, and the influence of dropper spacing and long-line orientation on flow. Drag measurements conducted with smooth and rough cylinders show that high surface roughness (ks/D ~ 0.092) has little effect on the drag coefficient of single cylinders in the range 4,000 < Re < 13,000, yet increases the drag coefficient of a row of cylinders normal to the flow. High surface roughness on single cylinders has the effect of shortening the near-wake region, increasing the peak turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) behind the cylinder, and decreasing the Strouhal number (St = 0.21, 0.19, 0.17 for ks/D = 0, 0.048, and 0.094 respectively). Arrays of rough cylinders (ks/D = 0.094) demonstrate similar flow characteristics to those of smooth cylinders. At cylinder spacings of S/D < 2.2, the surface roughness acts to favour the formation of a particular metastable wake pattern, whereas different metastable wake patterns are formed each run behind the smooth cylinders. The experiments show that the drag on single row arrays of cylinders are related to the cylinder spacing (increasing drag with decreasing spacing), and the drag also varies with the sine of the angle to the flow, except where the array is at low angles to the flow. The PTV measurements provide new data regarding the two-dimensional distributions of velocity, TKE, and turbulence statistics behind the cylinder arrays.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_vcs_me_jabo.pdf: 201320 bytes, checksum: 0b3a492d89a4de0571bff67b2f0754ed (MD5) / Com o intuito de conhecer o potencial zootécnico do pampo, foi avaliado o efeito de diferentes densidades de estocagem (100 e 200 peixes/m3) na sobrevivência e crescimento do pampo amarelo (Trachinotus carolinus), criado em tanque-rede instalado em ambiente marinho. Peixes com aproximadamente 1,0 a 2,0 g, capturados em arrastos nas praias rasas do município de Ubatuba, SP, foram transportados ao Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Litoral Norte - Agência Paulista Tecnológica do Agronegócio - Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento e mantidos durante 45 dias em tanques-rede de 5mm de malhagem. Após seleção manual, animais de 4,0 ± 0,17g foram estocados, nas densidades de 100 e 200 peixes/m3, em tanques-rede de multifilamento com 2 x 2 x 1,5m e 12 mm de malhagem, fixos a um deck flutuante (6,0 x 8,0 m), instalado diretamente no mar a profundidade de aproximadamente 3,5 ± 0,5 m. Os animais foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia até a saciação com ração de 40% de PB. Após 120 dias, as taxas de sobrevivência média observadas foram 77,23% e 73,11 %; pesos médios (52,79 ± 4.86 9 e 52,64 ± 5.64 g); Ganho de Peso (GP) (48,69 ± 4,05 9 e 48,73 ± 4,00 g); Taxa de Crescimento Especifico (TCE) (2,13 ± 1,24 e 2,16 ± 1,03) e Conversão Alimentar Aparente (CAA) (3,23 ± 1,52 e 2,66 ± 0,78), respectivamente para 100 e 200 peixes/m3. Estes dados não apresentaram diferenças significativas (P~0,05) entre os tratamentos testados. Entretanto os ganhos de peso do pampo, no presente experimento foram superiores a muitos trabalhos encontrados na literatura, o que nos leva a concluir que a densidade de 200 peixes/m3, utilizada neste estudo, pode ainda estar abaixo da capacidade de suporte para a espécie e pode ser o ponto de partida para futuros estudos, considerando o estágio de desenvolvimento dos animais. / Aiming to know the zoothecnic potential of pampo, it was evaluated the effect of stocking densities (100 and 200 fish/m3) in the survival and growth rates of Florida pampano (Trachinotus carolinus), reared in marine cage. Fish with approximately 1 - 2g captured by seine in flat beaches of the city of Ubatuba, S.P. were transferred to the Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Litoral Norte - Agencia Paulista Tecnologica do Agronegocio - Secretaria Agricultura e Abastecimento and kept during 45 days in cage of 5mm mesh size. After manual selection, animals of 4.0 ± 0.17g had been stored, in the studied densities, cage of multifilament with 2 x 2 x 1.5 m and 12 mm of mesh size fixed to adeck (6.0 8.0 m), installed directly in the sea at a depth of approximately 3.5 ± 0.5 m. The animals had been fed twice¬-a day until satiation with ration of 40% of PB. Soon after a 120 days experimental period, the average survival rate (77.23% and 73.11 %); average body-weight (52.79 ± 4.86 and 52.64 ± 5.64); weiht gain (48.69 ± 4.05 and 48.73 ± 4.00); daily growth increment (2.13 ± 1.24 and 2.16±1.03) and apparent feed conversion rate (3.23 ± 1.52 and 2.66 ± 0.78), respectively for 100 and 200 fish/m3,were recorded. These parameters didn't present significant differences (P>=0,05) between the tested treatments. However pampo weight gain, in this experiment have been superior to many works found in literature, what allows the conclusion that pampo can be reaise in sea cages in densities above 200 fish/m3, and this density could be the starting point for future studies.

Atualmente, o beijupirá é a espécie nativa que reúne o maior número de características em comum com outras espécies aquáticas cultivadas comercialmente, sendo assim, indicada para ser a espécie pioneira na piscicultura marinha brasileira. No entanto, sua criação é incipiente. Neste trabalho, foram realizados dois estudos pontuais: um para monitorar a criação de beijupirás em gaiolas, sistema offshore, no litoral de Pernambuco; e outro para monitorar a criação de beijupirás em tanques-redes, sistema nearshore, no litoral de São Paulo. O objetivo foi aferir parâmetros ambientais de qualidade da água de criação, físico-químicos e microbiológicos do beijupirá, que possam ser utilizados na elaboração de um sistema modelo de rastreabilidade da cadeia produtiva dessa espécie. Em ambos os estudos foram realizadas quatro coletas em diferentes meses do ano, com o intuito de se avaliar as possíveis correlações existentes entre os parâmetros ambientais - índice pluviométrico e temperatura do ar - e os parâmetros de qualidade avaliados na água de criação - oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio, salinidade, amônia, nitrito, nitrato, fosfato, carbono orgânico total, turbidez, transparência, CO2, pH, clorofila a e contagem microbiológica - e nos peixes - biometria, rendimento, composição centesimal, ácidos graxos, aminoácidos, pH, bases voláteis totais e contagem microbiológica. Verificou-se que a maioria dos parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos avaliados na água de criação, estavam em conformidade com a legislação brasileira vigente ou dentro dos limites sugeridos pela literatura para criação dessa espécie. Todavia, esses parâmetros apresentaram variação nos diferentes meses de coleta, principalmente no estudo realizado no sistema nearshore, o que dificulta afirmar as possíveis interferências desses parâmetros na qualidade e desempenho dos animais. Os peixes amostrados apresentaram baixo desenvolvimento zootécnico, se comparado ao peso total final previsto na literatura para essa espécie. No entanto, o rendimento em filé apresentou-se satisfatório, principalmente no sistema nearshore, aproximadamente 40%. Todas as amostras de filés de beijupirás avaliadas apresentaram conformidade microbiológica, frescor e qualidade nutricional, principalmente no que se refere à composição dos seus aminoácidos e ácidos graxos, com destaque para presença de lisina e ácidos graxos Eicosapentaenoico (EPA) e Docosahexaenoico (DHA), sendo, estas informações úteis para efeitos de marketing na divulgação e estimulo do consumo dessa espécie. O mesmo foi observado para o resíduo gerado após o processamento dos filés, o que sugere a possibilidade de elaboração de coprodutos com qualidade nutricional, tornando a cadeia produtiva dessa espécie mais rentável e sustentável. Os alimentos fornecidos aos animais, não eram adequados para satisfazer as exigências nutricionais dos mesmos, sendo a falta no mercado de rações elaboradas com formulações específicas um entrave para o sucesso dessa atividade. Conclui-se que os parâmetros, temperatura da água de criação; rendimento em filé, destreza do filetador; quantidade e tipo de resíduo gerado na filetagem; frescor e qualidade microbiológica dos filés; assim como, composição centesimal dos filés, resíduos e alimento fornecido aos animais, especificamente composição em aminoácidos e ácidos graxos, devam ser monitorados no sistema de rastreabilidade. Quando implementado, o sistema de rastreabilidade permitirá uma tomada de decisão mais consciente a respeito das condições de criação ideais do beijupirá, no intuito de dispor respostas práticas e aplicadas ao setor produtivo quanto ao atendimento às exigências da legislação, do mercado e do consumidor final / Currently, cobia is the native species with the largest number of characteristics in common with other aquatic species commercially farmed; therefore, it is indicated as the pioneer species in Brazilian marine fish farming. However, its rearing is incipient. In this work, there were two specific studies: one to monitor cobia rearing in cages offshore on the coast of Pernambuco State, Brazil; and another to monitor cobia rearing in nearshore cages on the coast of São Paulo State. The objective was to measure farm water quality, physico- chemical and microbiological parameters of cobia that can be used in the preparation of a model system traceability of the production chain of this species. In both studies, four collections were performed in different months of the year to evaluate possible correlations between environmental parameters, such as rainfall and environment air temperature, and the quality parameters evaluated in the water rearing, such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, salinity, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, total organic carbon, turbidity, transparency, CO2, pH, chlorophyll a and microbiological contamination, as well as fish, such as biometrics, yield, proximate composition, profile of fatty acids and amino acids, pH, totals volatile bases and microbiological contamination. Most of the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters evaluated in the rearing water were in line with the current Brazilian law or within the threshold suggested in the literature for rearing this kind of species. However, these parameters showed great variation for different months of collection, especially in the study conducted in a nearshore system, making it difficult to state the possible interference of these parameters on the quality and performance of the animals. The sampled fish had low livestock development, compared to growth rates reported in the literature for this species. However, fillet yield was satisfactory, especially in the nearshore system, close to 40%. All samples of cobia fillets showed microbiological compliance, freshness and nutritional quality, especially in terms of composition of its amino acids and fatty acids, mainly in the presence of lysine and fatty acids, respectively, Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This information can be used as an excellent marketing tool to disseminate and stimulate consumption of this species. The same was observed for the waste generated after processing the fillets, suggesting the possibility of developing by-products with nutritional quality, making the supply chain of cobia more sustainable and profitable. The feed provided to the animals was not adequate to meet their nutritional requirements, and the short supply of prepared feed with specific formulations is an obstacle to the success of this activity. We conclude that the parameters of water temperature, fillet yield, skill of take fillet, amount and type of waste generated in filleting, freshness and microbiological quality of steaks, as well as chemical composition of fillet, waste and feeding for the animals, mainly amino acid composition and fatty acids, should be monitored in the traceability system. When implemented, the traceability system regarding the decision-making process for the ideal conditions of cobia production, providing practical answers, and it can be applied to the productive sector as a way to comply with requirements of legislation, market and consumers

Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata were once dominant, reef-building corals of Caribbean reefs. Over the last several decades, population declines of Caribbean Acropora have been dramatic, and both species are now listed as “Threatened” under the United States Endangered Species Act. Numerous restoration efforts now utilize coral gardening techniques to cultivate these species for transplantation, in which A. cervicornis is primarily cultivated both on fixed structures and in line nurseries. This study evaluates growth and survivorship of multiple A. cervicornis genotypes grown via two line nursery techniques, and compares the efficacy of each against the conventional method of fixed nursery puck-mounted culture. Suspended nursery culture resulted in higher post-fragmentation survivorship of corals than puck culture, especially in warmer conditions. Disease incidence was significantly reduced by suspended culture, which also prevented predation from fireworms (Hermodice carunculata) prevalent in puck corals at the same nursery. Genotypic growth rate differences persisted among techniques, and suspended coral growth was comparable to puck culture. Suspended colonies may need more frequent pruning to avoid branch abrasion and breakage, but the technique is an effective means to reduce disease, predation, and post-fragmentation mortality in A. cervicornis nursery culture.