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Suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide (SISAS) are increased in poststroke patients, yet not everyone who has suffered a stroke is at risk for SISAS. Two risk factors for SISAS, marital status and burdensomeness, may be of particular relevance to poststroke patients. The majority of poststroke patients have a disability that may require help from a family member with basic functions such as dressing and bathing. It was not known if being married decreases risk of SISAS for stoke victims as shown in studies with nonpoststroke subjects or increases risk for SISAS due to its influence on feelings of burdensomeness. Guided by the interpersonal psychological theory of suicidal behavior, the purpose of this study was to examine if marital status moderates the association between burdensomeness (measured by disability level) and suicide ideation. A secondary analysis was performed of the Outcome and Assessment Information Set data, which was collected by the National Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. A data sample of 1,596,962 records was obtained. This data sample included 5% of the Home Health Outcome Information and Assessment Set for the year 2008. Of those, 8,6381 (5.4%) individuals had suffered a stroke. The results suggested partial support for the hypotheses presented in this study. However, a significant moderation was found. As burdensomeness increased, suicide ideation increased in patients who were married. High levels of burdensomeness increase suicide risk to those who are married. Identifying a vulnerable population can provide potential positive social change by serving as basis for future research regarding program implementation in reducing suicide rates.

Abstract available through the Annals of Behavioral Medicine.

Divorce brings unprecedented changes. The prevalence of divorce today constitutes a need to thoroughly study the well-being of divorced peoples. This study used a multidimensional definition of well-being to study divorced peoples and other marital statuses. Physical, social, psychological, and socioeconomic well-being were used. This study hypothesized that the married and remarried have higher well-being than the never married who in turn have higher well-being than the divorced or separated. It was also hypothesized that some are pre-disposed to divorce. ANCOVA analysis was used to test these hypotheses in a sample of approximately 9,863 respondents from the NSFH study. Support was found for the hypothesis that the never married have higher well-being than the divorced or separated. This was true in all four aspect analyses. No support was found for the hypothesis that some are pre-disposed to divorce. Further, support was found for married and remarried having higher well-being than the divorced or separated and never married, but only in regards to psychological and socioeconomic well-being. Partial support was found for physical well-being. The divorced or separated had the lowest or close to lowest adjusted well-being mean of all marital statuses except in the social well-being analysis. Marital status and especially divorce does affect well-being.

Объектом исследования явилось психологическое благополучие женщин. Предметом исследования стала взаимосвязь психологического благополучия с личностной автономией женщин разного брачного статуса. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (64 источника) и приложения, включающего в себя полученные данные. Объем магистерской диссертации 67 страниц, на которых размещены 24 рисунка и 3 таблицы. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя теоретические основы изучения взаимосвязи психологического благополучия и личностной автономии женщин. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию психологического благополучия личности, «автономии личности» и особенностей личностной автономии женщин. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: «Шкалы психологического благополучия» К. Рифф (адаптация Т.Д. Шевеленкова, П.П. Фесенко), «Оксфордского опросника счастья» (OHI), «Опросника каузальных ориентаций» Э. Деси, Р. Райан (адаптация Д.А. Леонтьев, О.Е. Дергачева); опросника «Суверенность психологического пространства» (С. К. Нартова-Бочавер). Также в главе представлен сравнительный и корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was the psychological well-being of women. The subject of the study was the relationship of psychological well-being with the personal autonomy of women of different marital status. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (64 sources) and an appendix including the data obtained. The volume of the master's thesis is 67 pages, which contain 24 figures and 3 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problem, sets the purpose and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates hypotheses, specifies methods and empirical base, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes the theoretical foundations of studying the relationship between psychological well-being and personal autonomy of women. The sections devoted to the study of the psychological well-being of the individual, the «autonomy of the individual» and the features of the personal autonomy of women are presented. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It describes the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: «Scales of psychological well-being» by K. Riff (adaptation by T.D. Shevelenkov, P.P. Fesenko), «Oxford Questionnaire of Happiness» (OHI), «Questionnaire of causal orientations» by E. Desi, R. Ryan (adaptation by D.A. Leontiev, O.E. Dergacheva); questionnaire «Sovereignty of psychological space» (S. K. Nartova-Bochaver). The chapter also presents a comparative and correlation analysis of the results of the study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of this problem are described.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / This thesis investigates the effect of marital and family status on the performance and job productivity of male U.S. Marine Corps officers. The analysis includes evaluation of fitness reports, retention, and promotion to O-4 and O-5 ranks as performance measures. The primary goal is to examine the existence of any marriage premium on officers' performance and productivity and to investigate potential causal hypotheses. The personnel database used for the analysis includes more than 27,000 male Marine officers who entered the Marine Corps between FY 1980 and 1999. After controlling for selection, estimating fixed effects and using panel data in order to capture timely-varying effects, this study finds that there is a marriage premium for all performance measures. The thesis rejects the explanation that such premiums are due to supervisor favoritism. Moreover, married male officers obtain higher fitness report scores, higher promotion probabilities, and higher retention probabilities than single officers. Each additional year spent in marriage increases fitness report scores and retention probabilities. Having additional non-spousal dependents increase fitness report scores and retention probabilities. On the other hand, being a currently single but "to-be-married" officer yields higher premium, as married officers, for all productivity and performance indicators. This supports selectivity into marriage as a partial explanation of the source of the marriage premium. / Lieutenant Junior Grade, Turkish Navy / First Lieutenant, Turkish Army

Background: The traditional neoclassical model of finance has assumed that all individuals act rationally and that they update their beliefs according to the information they have obtained to maximise their utility. This concept has been challenged by behavioural finance which has over the past decades become a new approach to better understand certain behaviours. Behavioural finance is a broad area which can be divided into different areas. One of them is investor behaviour, which will be the focus of this thesis. Research has shown that investors do not act rationally when deciding how much risk to take when considering an investment. Instead, it has been found that there are other factors that influence risk-taking in an investment, for instance gender, income, marital status and age. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to better understand if a selected group of demographic factors can affect the risk attitude investors in Sweden have with regard to their investments and to determine how well these factors explain the level of risk. The chosen demographic factors are gender, age, marital status and income. Method: This study is conducted using a deductive approach and employing a quantitative research method. A multinomial logistic regression was performed in the statistical program R. The data used is secondary data collected from financial counselling meetings of 111,265 clients during the period of 2018-01-03 to 2019-04-04. It is gathered from one of Sweden’s largest bank who measures customers’ risk tolerance by using a risk assessment tool that categorises risk tolerance into five levels where one is the lowest and five is the highest. Conclusion: Statistically significant results confirm that that the selected demographic factors have an effect on the risk level an investor takes. Males have higher risk tolerance than women, the older an individual is, the less risk the person wants to take, married people have higher risk tolerance than those that are not, and risk tolerance increases slightly with income.

Les travaux présentés concernent essentiellement l’étude de certains déterminants sociaux des consommations d’alcool. Il s’agit d’analyser comment certains aspects des circonstances de vie, de travail et l’environnement social peuvent influencer ce comportement et modifier les consommations d’alcool au cours du temps.Ces analyses ont été menées dans la cohorte Gazel, composée de plus de 20 000 sujets(15 000 hommes et 5 000 femmes) employés d’EDF‐GDF et âgés de 35 à 50 ans à l’inclusion en 1989. Les déterminants étudiés sont les conditions de travail, le statut marital des femmes et les changements de statut au cours de la vie, ainsi que le passage à la retraite.Globalement, on observe que l’environnement professionnel, familial et social sont des déterminants de l’évolution des habitudes de consommation, et jouent un rôle souvent socialement différencié, les différentes catégories sociales ne se comportant habituellement pas de la même façon dans des situations comparables. / This thesis is about the social determinants of alcohol consumption. More specifically, the aims were to study how some circumstances of life, working and social environment may exert an influence on changes in drinking behaviours over time.The analyses were conducted within the Gazel cohort, including more than 20 000 subjects(15 000 men and 5 000 women) employees of EDF‐GDF, the French national utility company,aged 35‐50 at the inception of the cohort in 1989, which were followed‐up since that period.The main determinants that were studied are the working conditions, the marital status of women, and retirement. The main findings showed that the occupational, familial and social environment play a role in the changes in drinking behaviours over time, and that their effects are socially patterned,

Diabetes disproportionately affects minority populations. Social support, and more specifically marriage, has been found to buffer the negative effects of diabetes and depression. Data collected from African Americans with type 2 diabetes in Atlanta and NHANES data were compared to examine whether marriage affects health status and mental health. Approximately, 1742 African Americans aged 18-80 were included in this study. Chi square analysis revealed that married men had lower rates of depression (15.9% vs. 24.7%) compared to unmarried men (p < 0.05), but the same effect was not found in women. The findings show that marriage was not associated with HbA1c, but was associated with rates of depression. The lack of association of HbA1c with marriage may be because marriage may not be the best proxy of social support in the African American community. Future research should focus on alternative forms of social support such as cohabitation, extend family, and friend.

Ce travail est une contribution à l’économie de la famille visant à analyser l’importance des interactions familiales sur le comportement des agents économiques. En effet, ces interactions peuvent influencer le pouvoir de négociation des ménages, leurs consommations des biens, ou encore leur offre de travail. Nous nous proposons donc au cours de ce document une évaluation de l’importance de ces interactions dans la prise de décision des ménages. Le modèle de base qui sera utilisé dans les différents résultats est celui de Browing et Chiappori (1998) et généralisé par Chiappori et Ekeland (2006). Ce travail comporte éventuellement trois chapitres dont l’objectif est unique ; il s’agit d’analyser l’effet des interactions familiales sur la prise de décision des ménages : La première partie de la thèse a pour objectif de modéliser l’effet de l'aversion au risque des conjoints sur leur choix marital. Les fondements théoriques de ce travail se trouvent dans une généralisation de l'article de Arrondel et Calvo (2011). Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, on estime l'effet du statut marital, mariage vs concubinage, sur les dépenses des enfants et ce en utilisant les données du Family Expenditure Survey, FES, pour la période 1995-2006. Dans la troisième partie de la thèse, nous illustrons la relation matrimoine consommation par une application empirique plus structurel en utilisant toujours des données Britanniques mais pour une plus longue période (1988-2007). Plus particulièrement, nous nous intéressons à l'estimation du coût individuel des enfants. L’approche adoptée dans cette partie est étroitement liée aux développements récents dans la littérature des modèles collectifs( Browning, Chiappori et Lewbel, 2008 et Lewbel et Pendakur, 2008). / This work is a contribution to the economy of the family to analyze the importance of the family interactions on the behavior of the economic agents. So we propose during this document an evaluation of the importance of these interactions in the decision-making of the households. The basic model which will be used in the various results is the one of Browing and Chiappori ( 1998 ) and generalized by Chiappori and Ekeland (2006 ). This work contains possibly three chapters the objective of which is unique; it is a question of analyzing the effect of the family interactions on the decision-making of the households: The first part of the thesis has for objective to model the effect of parental's risk aversion on their marital choice. The theoretical foundations of this work are in a generalization of the article of Arrondel and Calvo(2011). In the second part of the thesis, we estimate the effect of the marital status, marriage vs cohabitation, on children's well-being by using the data of the Family Expenditure Survey, FES, for period 1995-2006. In the third part of the thesis, we illustrate the relation “matrimoine consumption” by a more structural empirical application using the same British data but for longer period ( 1988-2007 ). More particularly, we are interested to estimate individual children’s cost. The proposed model is inspired by recent collective model of the behavior of the household developed by Browning, Chiappori et Lewbel (2008) and Lewbel et Pendakur (2008).