The South African automotive industry has experienced significant changes in the last 20 years. Globalisation, the implementation of lean production and the development of modularisation have had a profound influence on the relationships between original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and their suppliers, the automotive component manufacturers (ACMs), and their suppliers. South Africa has a number of OEMs and a vibrant automotive component manufacturing industry (ACM), which supplies the South African aftermarket and a spread of export markets. These ACMs are the focus of this study. The main objective of this research study was to identify the supply chain management problems ACMs in South Africa encounter, to what extent they face these problems and how these can be overcome. The problems were identified through a literature review and interviews with two OEMs in South Africa. Using this data a questionnaire was compiled and sent to all NAACAM members for completion. This study is by nature descriptive and exploratory and contains quantitative and qualitative elements. Seven hypotheses were formulated to guide the research. The findings of this research indicate that the geographic location, age and size of the business, have no bearing on the supply chain problems ACMs face, whist the relationship between ACMs and their suppliers and ACMs and their customers is a significant problem. The findings also indicate that the following are some of the main supply chain problems facing ACMs: pressure by OEMs to reduce prices; the price of materials; cancellation of orders; excessive inventory; the unreliability of rail transport and rail capacity problems; the high cost of South African ports; the cost of replacing outdated technology; and BBBEE – achieving and verifying BEE scorecards. The findings further indicate a lack of skills and labour problems, both of which are time consuming to resolve. This study was completed over a four-year period. At the commencement of this study the automotive industry was booming, but in mid-2008, a global economic crisis started. This crisis impacted adversely on the automotive industry globally and in South Africa. Despite these challenges, leaders in the South African automotive component industry remain positive about the future. This study was completed over a four-year period. At the commencement of this study the automotive industry was booming, but in mid-2008, a global economic crisis started. This crisis impacted adversely on the automotive industry globally and in South Africa. Despite these challenges, leaders in the South African automotive component industry remain positive about the future. / Business Management / D. Comm. (Business Management)

Tanzania’s good climatic condition of four agro-ecological zones and six farming system together with adequate good soils and water resources with reasonable rainfall patterns (except in semi-arid regions) are favourable for agricultural production. Despite this abundance of resources, Tanzania is still far from taping full potentials in crop production and productivity that could be attained if the existing agricultural resources were fully utilised. The agricultural sector has failed toraise the rural poor above the poverty line and has perpetuated the existing pervasive poverty among farming communities. These constraints facing the agricultural sector have contributed to low production and productivity of the agricultural sector. For several decades the agricultural sector has failed to fulfil its role as the “engine of economic growth”; as a result, the general picture of the Tanzania’s economy has remained untransformed and unreliable. Given the importance of agriculture as the mainstay of rural livelihoods, it must grow much faster to realise rural poverty reduction in Tanzania. In view of the above state of affairs, this study posed the following research questions: Are support activities and services in coffee production, processing and marketing significantly linked to allow application of Supply Chain Management (SCM)?; Do institutions responsible for coffee provide mandatory services to enable farmers undertake support activities and services in production, processing and marketing of this crop? Finally, are the coffee marketing support activities and services significantly integrated along the supply chain in order to enhance its marketing? Thus, the above underlined challenges and questions imply thatstagnation in agricultural development is a function of a multiplicity of soci-economic, technological and political factors. As a result, the call for improving the agricultural sector production and productivity needs a holistic approach, particularly the application of SCM. The above fact suggests that Tanzania should among others, find ways to increase agricultural production, productivity, promote agro-processing and expand markets for its agriproducts through a well co-coordinated system. The present study calls for a collaborative and integrative approach in the supply chain to plan and control the flow of value adding materials from the producers to the consumers. The objective of this study is to examine the application of the Conceptual Supply Chain Management Model (SCMM) in coffee support activities and services in the areas of production, processing and marketing in order to suggest an appropriate model that can improve production and productivity of the agricultural sector thereby enhancing the income of the rural poor and ultimately alleviating poverty and raising the standard of living of Tanzanians. Following the format prescribed by the University of South Africa, this thesis is organized into eight chapters. Also, it is structured in a coherent manner to bring the logic for the development of the conceptual framework for the coffee subsector in Kagera region. Chapter One provides the introduction and background information. It creates a base and sets a framework for the entire study. Chapter Two presents the literature review including both the theory and practice of SCM. It also presents the background and SCM development as well as the importance of integrating SCM in the agricultural sector in Kagera, Tanzania and the world at large. The objective of the chapter is to present an in-depth review of literature and show the gap so as to make justification for proposing a study on the application of the SCM in agriculture with reference to Coffee in Kagera Region. Chapter Three discusses the Model Development. It discusses the meaning and the type of conceptual models. Further more, it discusses the reasons for and the advantage of applying the conceptual models. Finally, it highlights the rationale for selecting a particular criterion for evaluating the conceptual models. Chapter Four presents research methodology including identification of the definition of research and different research methods and their respective instruments for undertaking this study. It presents the theoretical and research process, showing the types of research methods and research designs. It also presents in detail, sampling, sampling techniques and data collection techniques. Finally, the chapter highlights how the collected data have been organised, analysed and presented. Chapter Five is about research findings. It covers the outcome of the exercise set by Chapter Four. It presents descriptive and empirical information of basic agricultural support activities along the supply chain from production through consumption. It involves the analysis of the production, processing and marketing support activities to examine their influence on the production and productivity of coffee in Kagera Region. Chapter Six entails synthesis analysis and results. This is an amalgamation of the research findings as well as synthesis, descriptive and empirical analysis of those findings. Thus, the chapter is about the analysis of coffee production, processing and marketing support activities and services in Kagera Region. Chapter Seven describes the contribution to knowledge which shows the existing conceptual SCMM for coffee in Kagera. The Chapter presents the appropriate conceptual model which adopts planning of many components in the coffee supply chain such as suppliers, materials, resources, warehouses, transporters and customers. The Model has been developed and proposed for application in Kagera Region in order to address the shortcomings addressed in the analysis made in the existing model as indicated in Chapter Six. Chapter Eight presents the summary, conclusions and recommendations. In this chapter, the study concludes that coffee marketing support activities and services in Kagera are not significantly linked to production and processing in order to allow the application of SCM principles. Furthermore, it shows that coffee management institutions such as private coffee traders, cooperative unions, government regional and district agricultural offices and other stakeholders do not provide all mandatory services to enable coffee production, processing and marketing support activities and services. According to this study, marketing support services are not significantly integrated in the coffee supply chain that will enhance its marketing. Given this reality, this study proposes the adoption of the appropriate conceptual SCMM. The Coffee SCMM has been developed to coordinate key players and processes in coffee SCM for the integrated framework. The proposed model has been successfully implemented in many successful management systems. The conceptual model for Kagera integrates various participants involved in the entire coffee supply chain including coffee producers, processors and exporters. The Tanzania Coffee Board (TCB) is proposed to be the overall coordinator of the entire coffee supply chain. In addition, it proposes an information exchange procedure among players (feedback) initiated by consumers. For further studies, the study recommends three major blocks of studies such as support activities and services in the areas of SCM in coffee production, processing and marketing. Finally, the study proposes these three major areas to be individually and deeply studied. / Business Management / D.B.L.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O uso das amostragens ambientais para fins de salvaguardas vêm sendo aplicadas pela Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica AIEA desde 1996 e estão sendo rotineiramente utilizadas como uma medida de fortalecimento complementar aos procedimentos tradicionais de salvaguardas de materiais nucleares. O intuito é verificar se os Estados signatários aos acordos de salvaguardas não estão divergindo suas atividades nucleares pacíficas para atividades nucleares não declaradas. O presente trabalho apresenta um novo protocolo de coleta e análise de esfregaços para identificação de assinaturas nucleares que possam relacionar-se com as atividades nucleares desenvolvidas na instalação inspecionada. Neste trabalho foi utilizada como estudo de caso uma planta real de reconversão de urânio do ciclo do combustível nuclear do IPEN. A estratégia analítica proposta utiliza diferentes técnicas, como medidor de radiação alfa, MEVEDS e ICPMS para identificar assinaturas do urânio aderido ao esfregaço. Na análise dos esfregaços, foi possível identificar partículas de UO2F2 e UF4 através da comparação morfológica e análises semi-quantitativas utilizando a técnica de MEVEDS. Nesse trabalho, utilizaram-se métodos que como resultado tem-se a composição isotópica média da amostra, onde o enriquecimento (fração atômica molar) variou de 1,453 ± 0,023% a 18,24 ± 0,15% no isótopo 235U. Através das coletas realizadas externamente, uma forma não intrusiva de amostragem, foi possível à identificação de atividades de manuseio de material enriquecido com medidas de fração atômica molar de 1,453 ± 0,023% a 6,331 ± 0,055% no isótopo 235U, bem como uso de material reprocessado, através da identificação do isótopo 236U. As incertezas obtidas neste trabalho para a razão n(235U)/n(238U) variaram de 0,40% a 1,68%. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The present thesis presents a case study in a Brazilian Army Hospital, involved on health care services, in the medical and hospital field, located in Santa Maria, RS, which uses the concepts of Supply Chain Management and electronic acquisitions in its activities. The research aims to propose a methodology of materials management logistic concerning materials for hospitals, integrating all its phases via web. This essay is organized within the empirical sciences arena, on the applied social sciences field. Firstly, a bibliographic review was carried out in order to develop the activities. Afterwards, a document research and a descriptive research were carried out in conjunction with the hospital, aiming to pursue the description and mapping of processes for an adequate development of the Case Study. Such Hospital was awarded in 2008 with the Excellence Certification on Resource Management for Assistance of the Military Family, in the Excellence Management System, given by the Personnel General Department and was highlighted among 26 (twenty-six) similar Hospitals throughout Brazil, obtaining the highest general score, promoting the balance between health care assistance quality and resource management concerns. Besides, it was an example of effectiveness as regards logistic operations of health care systems, concerning materials and drugs, constituting a practice case that justifies the present research and guarantees that specialization on this field is necessary to offer quality of services to clients and patients of public and private hospitals, as well as health care systems in general. Data collected and analyzed demonstrated that the current system is effective and presents possibilities of improvement concerning the process. Besides, such study contributed to improve efficiency of the researched processes, pointing out existing deficiencies and proposing ways to correct them, concluding with the presentation of a model, suggestions and recommendations to the analyzed processes. / O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso, em um Hospital do Exército Brasileiro, prestador de serviços de saúde, no ramo médico-hospitalar, localizado no município de Santa Maria, RS, que utiliza os conceitos de Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos e de aquisições eletrônicas em suas atividades . A pesquisa busca propor uma metodologia de gestão logística de materiais para hospitais, com integração de todas as fases via web. O presente trabalho situa-se na área das ciências empíricas, no campo das ciências sociais aplicadas. Como procedimento, primeiramente foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, necessária para o desenvolvimento do trabalho. Após a revisão bibliográfica, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental e uma pesquisa descritiva junto ao hospital, a fim de realizar a descrição e o mapeamento dos processos para o desenvolvimento adequado do Estudo de Caso. O Hospital foi premiado no ano de 2008 no Sistema de Excelência Gerencial do Exército Brasileiro com a Certificação de Excelência na Gestão de Recursos para Assistência à Saúde da Família Militar, pelo Departamento Geral do Pessoal, destacando-se entre 26 (vinte e seis) Hospitais congêneres em todo o Brasil, obtendo a maior pontuação geral, promovendo o equilíbrio entre a qualidade da assistência a saúde e o zelo na aplicação de recursos. Além disso constitui-se um exemplo de Hospital que é eficaz em operação logística de sistemas de saúde, neste caso de materiais e medicamentos, constituindo-se num caso prático que justifica a presente pesquisa e garante que a especialização nesta área, é necessária para oferecer serviços de qualidade a clientes e pacientes de hospitais públicos e privados e sistemas de saúde em geral. Os dados coletados e analisados demonstraram que a sistemática atual é eficaz e apresenta possibilidades de melhorias no processo. Além disso, esse estudo contribuiu para melhorar a eficiência dos processos pesquisados, apontar deficiências existentes e propor formas de corrigi-las, concluindo com a apresentação de um modelo, sugestões e recomendações aos processos analisados.

The Eastern Cape Provincial Administration has, since the promulgation of the Supply Chain Management Policy Framework in 2003, been challenged with the implementation of the said Policy.Some departments have progressed better than others, but all of the provincial departments have been challenged in one way or another.It was therefore, necessary to research the reasons for the erratic implementation process by the different departments. An analysis, based on answers provided by senior officials of the Eastern Cape Provincial Administration in an interviewing process, was needed to get an understanding of the challenges the departments are faced within the implementation process. In order to provide quality goods and services, this dissertation aims to evaluate the implementation process, provide insight to the challenges that the departments are faced with and offer recommendations on how to remedy these challenges. The lessons learned from this research study will assist the provincial departments to re-engineer their implementation processes and move forward to greater success and embracement of the Supply Chain Management policy Framework.

O objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar o controle patrimonial dos bens permanentes da UTFPR, em seus 13 campi, como uma ferramenta de Governança Pública. Como objetivos específicos, buscou-se: compreender os princípios da Administração Pública e os princípios da Governança Pública; descrever os procedimentos, as tecnologias e os recursos empregados no controle patrimonial da UTFPR; verificar o atendimento dos princípios da Governança Pública pelo controle patrimonial da UTFPR; e, por fim, propor soluções para o aperfeiçoamento da atividade de controle patrimonial na UTFPR com base nos princípios da prestação de contas e transparência da Governança Pública. Por serem destinados ao atendimento de um interesse coletivo, os recursos públicos devem ser administrados de forma a maximizar os benefícios à coletividade, observando os princípios da legalidade, impessoalidade, moralidade, publicidade e eficiência. Para que os atos administrativos não se afastem de tal liame foram instituídos os mecanismos de controle interno e externo. O controle patrimonial é um tipo de controle interno que permite a manutenção de informações atualizadas acerca dos bens públicos permanentes, tais como, as informações sobre a aquisição, responsável pela carga patrimonial e os registros de baixa patrimonial. Para o atendimento dos objetivos do estudo optou-se pela realização de uma pesquisa qualitativa, mediante a técnica do estudo de caso. Foram identificados 21 servidores responsáveis pelo controle patrimonial atuantes nos 13 campi da UTFPR. Ainda foram identificados três servidores que contribuem com a atividade de controle patrimonial. Foram empregados questionários, análise documental e a análise de artefatos tecnológicos. Como método de exame dos materiais coletados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Ficou demonstrado que o controle patrimonial de bens permanentes da UTFPR não é, atualmente, uma ferramenta de Governança Pública, tendo em vista a inexistência de transparência no que tange ao controle patrimonial. Da mesma forma, o atendimento ao princípio da prestação de contas encontra-se prejudicado, pois não são disponibilizados dados analíticos acerca dos bens que compõem o patrimônio da UTFPR. Por outro lado, as informações disponibilizadas de maneira sintética nos relatórios de gestão não encontram lastro com a realidade, tendo em vista que os inventários patrimoniais não são realizados em alguns campi. Como forma de superar tais desafios propõe-se a realização de treinamentos, a elaboração de normas acerca do controle patrimonial, o estudo da possibilidade da adoção de novas tecnologias e a realização efetiva dos inventários nos campi. / The overall objective of this study is to analyze asset tracking of permanent property belonging to UTFPR, in all of its 13 campuses, as an Public Governance tool. The specific objectives were: to understand the principles of Public Administration and principles of Public Governance; describe the procedures, technologies and resources employed in asset tracking at UTFPR; attest that the principles of Public Governance through asset tracking at UTFPR have been observed; and lastly, propose solutions to improve the activity of asset tracking at UTFPR based on the principles of accountability and transparency of Public Governance. Because they are intended to meet a collective interest, public resources must be administered so as to maximize the benefits to the collectivity, abiding by the principles of legality, impersonality, morality, disclosure and efficiency. Internal and external control mechanisms have been implemented to prevent administrative acts from straying from this ideal. Asset tracking is a type of internal control that makes it possible to maintain updated information on permanent public assets, such as information on acquisition, asset record keeping and records on asset write-offs. To meet the objectives of the study, it was decided upon the qualitative research study method using the case study technique. A total of 21 servants were identified as responsible for asset tracking at the 13 UTFPR campuses. Another three servants were identified as contributing to the activity of asset tracking. The study used surveys, documental analysis, and analysis of technological devices. Content analysis was used as the method to examine collected materials. It was demonstrated that permanent asset tracking at UTFPR is currently not an efficient tool of Public Governance, considering the non-existence of transparency with regard to asset tracking. Likewise, the fulfillment of the principle of compliance has been compromised, as analytical data are not provided regarding the goods that comprise the assets of UTFPR. Moreover, the information provided in shortened format in management reports does not reflect reality, considering that inventories are not carried out in some campuses. In order to overcome these challenges, proposals include training, creation of norms regarding asset tracking, studies on the possibility of adopting new technologies, and effectively performing inventories in the campuses.

O objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar o controle patrimonial dos bens permanentes da UTFPR, em seus 13 campi, como uma ferramenta de Governança Pública. Como objetivos específicos, buscou-se: compreender os princípios da Administração Pública e os princípios da Governança Pública; descrever os procedimentos, as tecnologias e os recursos empregados no controle patrimonial da UTFPR; verificar o atendimento dos princípios da Governança Pública pelo controle patrimonial da UTFPR; e, por fim, propor soluções para o aperfeiçoamento da atividade de controle patrimonial na UTFPR com base nos princípios da prestação de contas e transparência da Governança Pública. Por serem destinados ao atendimento de um interesse coletivo, os recursos públicos devem ser administrados de forma a maximizar os benefícios à coletividade, observando os princípios da legalidade, impessoalidade, moralidade, publicidade e eficiência. Para que os atos administrativos não se afastem de tal liame foram instituídos os mecanismos de controle interno e externo. O controle patrimonial é um tipo de controle interno que permite a manutenção de informações atualizadas acerca dos bens públicos permanentes, tais como, as informações sobre a aquisição, responsável pela carga patrimonial e os registros de baixa patrimonial. Para o atendimento dos objetivos do estudo optou-se pela realização de uma pesquisa qualitativa, mediante a técnica do estudo de caso. Foram identificados 21 servidores responsáveis pelo controle patrimonial atuantes nos 13 campi da UTFPR. Ainda foram identificados três servidores que contribuem com a atividade de controle patrimonial. Foram empregados questionários, análise documental e a análise de artefatos tecnológicos. Como método de exame dos materiais coletados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Ficou demonstrado que o controle patrimonial de bens permanentes da UTFPR não é, atualmente, uma ferramenta de Governança Pública, tendo em vista a inexistência de transparência no que tange ao controle patrimonial. Da mesma forma, o atendimento ao princípio da prestação de contas encontra-se prejudicado, pois não são disponibilizados dados analíticos acerca dos bens que compõem o patrimônio da UTFPR. Por outro lado, as informações disponibilizadas de maneira sintética nos relatórios de gestão não encontram lastro com a realidade, tendo em vista que os inventários patrimoniais não são realizados em alguns campi. Como forma de superar tais desafios propõe-se a realização de treinamentos, a elaboração de normas acerca do controle patrimonial, o estudo da possibilidade da adoção de novas tecnologias e a realização efetiva dos inventários nos campi. / The overall objective of this study is to analyze asset tracking of permanent property belonging to UTFPR, in all of its 13 campuses, as an Public Governance tool. The specific objectives were: to understand the principles of Public Administration and principles of Public Governance; describe the procedures, technologies and resources employed in asset tracking at UTFPR; attest that the principles of Public Governance through asset tracking at UTFPR have been observed; and lastly, propose solutions to improve the activity of asset tracking at UTFPR based on the principles of accountability and transparency of Public Governance. Because they are intended to meet a collective interest, public resources must be administered so as to maximize the benefits to the collectivity, abiding by the principles of legality, impersonality, morality, disclosure and efficiency. Internal and external control mechanisms have been implemented to prevent administrative acts from straying from this ideal. Asset tracking is a type of internal control that makes it possible to maintain updated information on permanent public assets, such as information on acquisition, asset record keeping and records on asset write-offs. To meet the objectives of the study, it was decided upon the qualitative research study method using the case study technique. A total of 21 servants were identified as responsible for asset tracking at the 13 UTFPR campuses. Another three servants were identified as contributing to the activity of asset tracking. The study used surveys, documental analysis, and analysis of technological devices. Content analysis was used as the method to examine collected materials. It was demonstrated that permanent asset tracking at UTFPR is currently not an efficient tool of Public Governance, considering the non-existence of transparency with regard to asset tracking. Likewise, the fulfillment of the principle of compliance has been compromised, as analytical data are not provided regarding the goods that comprise the assets of UTFPR. Moreover, the information provided in shortened format in management reports does not reflect reality, considering that inventories are not carried out in some campuses. In order to overcome these challenges, proposals include training, creation of norms regarding asset tracking, studies on the possibility of adopting new technologies, and effectively performing inventories in the campuses.