On January 1, 2014 a legislative amendment to the former National Heritage Act (1988: 950) was put in action, one of the new amendments that was conceived in what is now called Culture Environmental Act (1988: 950). The change made it possible for the County Councils to enforce that the results associated with archaeological research would be conveyed to the public. The present work is a case study aiming to see what kind of impact this amendment has had on the archaeological specifications and offer invitations for archaeological investigations. The main questions for the work are: What kind of mediation is being required by the County Councils? Why was the law changed? Is there a difference in this respect between different counties? Has there been any noticable change in practice in this respect after the amendment introduction? This study aims to answer these questions and throughout it also give you as a reader information about the history behind the changes as well as what impact the changes has had on archaeological investigations and the mediated results to the public. The aim is also to show the different ways that archaelogy is communicated and to whom.

Thesis (MSc (Genetics))--Stellenbosch University, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Haliotis midae is the most important aquaculture species in South Africa, with abalone farming contributing 80% of the Rand value of the aquaculture industry. Although genetic research has benefited the abalone industry, several issues still hinder increases in abalone production. Progress towards an increase in H. midae growth rate by utilizing conventional genetic studies and selective breeding has been relatively slow. Gene transfer has therefore become a plausible option to address this problem. Genes that code for certain desirable traits, such as increased growth rate, could be incorporated into the genome of commercial abalone. The current study undertook the optimization of a chemically-mediated gene transfer technique using Polyethylenimine (PEI) as transfection reagent and fluorescent proteins as reporter genes. Before gene transfer could be undertaken, several complementary studies also needed to be undertaken due to the novel nature of the study. The auto fluorescence of H. midae, the suitability of several H. midae tissues as targets for gene transfer and the cytotoxic effect of transfection reagents and selection antibiotics were assessed before gene transfer optimization could be attempted. Also, genes linked to an increase in growth rate were characterized for differential expression in different abalone age-groups to determine the suitability of these genes for incorporation into a homologous gene construct in future transfection studies. The auto fluorescence of ova, embryos and larvae were found to be comparable to that of the fluorescent reporter genes, EGFP and DsRed. A PCR-based transfection validation method was therefore employed to confirm the presence of internalized transgenes. It was established that sperm, ova, larvae and haemocyte cell culture were the most suitable target tissues for transfection. The transfection reagents, a 25kDa PEI and ExGen 500, were not cytotoxic to sperm, embryos and haemocyte cell cultures. The minimum lethal concentration of the selection antibiotics, neomycin and zeocin, was determined for larvae and haemocytes. After transfection treatment of sperm and fertilization of untreated ova, the presence of internalized transgenes could be verified for larvae. The presence of internalized transgenes could not be detected after transfection treatment of ova and larvae. Fluorescent flow cytometry and microscopy analysis of haemocytes could not detect the expression of the fluorescent reporter genes. Expression of two of the growth related genes was found to differ between age-groups. The perlustrin gene was upiv regulated in older animals, while the insulin related peptide receptor gene was down regulated in older animals. The third gene, a thrombospondin-1 precursor was stably expressed in all age-groups. This study represents the first report of transfection studies carried out on H. midae. Future studies will benefit from the groundwork established in H. midae transfection. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Haliotis midae is die belangrikste akwakultuur spesie in Suid-Afrika met perlemoen boerdery wat 80% van die Rand waarde van die akwakultuur industrie bydrae. Alhoewel genetiese studies die perlemoen industrie ‘n hupstoot gegee het, is daar steeds sekere struikelblokke wat verdere toename in produksie verhoed. Vooruitgang ten opsigte van ‘n toename in H. midae se groei tempo deur gebruik te maak van konvensionele genetiese studies en selektiewe teling was tot dusver relatief stadig. Genetiese transformasie het daarom ‘n wesenlike alternatief geword wat moontlik hierdie probleem kan oplos. Gene wat kodeer vir sekere eienskappe, soos ‘n toename in groeitempo, kan in die genoom van kommersiële perlemoen inkorporeer word. Die huidige studie het onderneem om ‘n chemies-gemedieerde genetiese transfeksie tegniek te optimiseer en van Polyethylenimine (PEI) as transfeksie reagens en fluoresserende proteine as verklikkers gebruik te maak. As gevolg van die oorspronklikheid van die studie moes verskeie bykomende ondersoeke ook aangepak word voordat genetiese transfeksie uitgevoer kon word. Die outofluoressensie van H. midae, die geskiktheid van verskeie H. midae teiken weefsels en die sitotoksiese effek van die transfeksie reagense en seleksie antibiotika is ondersoek voordat transfeksie uitgevoer is. Gene gekoppel aan ‘n toename in groeitempo is ook gekarakteriseer vir verskille in uitdrukking in verskillende perlemoen ouderdoms-groepe om te bepaal of hierdie gene moontlik in ‘n homoloë geen konstruk ingesluit kan word vir toekomstige transfeksie studies. Dit is gevind dat die outofluoressensie van ova, embrios en larwes vergelykbaar is met die fluoressensie van die verklikker proteïene, EGFP en DsRed. ‘n PKR-baseerde metode om die internalisering van die transgeen te kontroleer is daarom gebruik. Dit is vasgestel dat sperm, ova, larwes en haemosiete die mees geskikte teiken vir transfeksie sou wees. Die transfeksie reagense, ‘n 25kDa PEI en Exgen 500, is nie sitotoksies vir sperm, embrios of haemosiete nie. Die minimum dodelike konsentrasie van die seleksie antibiotika, neomycin en zeocin, is bepaal. Na transfeksie behandeling van sperm en bevrugting van onbehandelde ova, kon die teenwoordigheid van internaliseerde transgene bevestig word vir larwes. Die teenwoordigheid van internaliseerde transgene kon nie bevestig word na transfeksie behandeling van ova en larwes nie. Fluoressente vloei sitometrie en mikroskopiese analise kon nie die uitdrukking van die fluoressente verklikker gene bevestig in haemosiete nie. Die uitdrukking van twee van die gene gekoppel aan groei het verskil tussen ouderdomsgroepe. Die perlustrin geen is meer uitgedruk in ouer diere terwyl die insulien geassosieerde peptied reseptor geen minder uitgedruk is in ouer diere. Die thrombospondin-1 voorloper geen is stabiel uitgedruk in al die ouderdomsgroepe. Hierdie studie verteenwoordig die eerste verslag van transfeksie studies uitgevoer op H. midae. Toekomstige studies sal baat vind by die grondslag wat deur hierdie projek gelê is.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1941576 bytes, checksum: 3eee890f674713038bba959b54cc99f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study intent to describe and analyze the relationship between extension and settlers, in the work of a cooperative that access public policies, specifically the Technical Assistance Program, the Social Environmental and Agrarian Reform - ATES, exclusively directed to the settlements, in the case studied, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Rescuing the history and trajectory of the policies of Rural Extension in Brazil, are exposed the disputes over the form, content and extension of the mediation on rural extension, as well as the conflicts that underlie the different conceptions of action in the rural extension and development. The new theoretical and methodological references of Rural Extension, together with the guidelines of the National Technical Assistance and Rural Extension - PNATER, which ATES is in, print complex features and contradictory directions, sometimes in different conceptions that bring conflict on the mediation and intervention process in settlements. Using the literature on social mediation and action extension, along with types and forms assumed of the practice and their references of rural extension, we construct the theory that expose the dynamic that operate on the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension – “ATER”, served by the cooperative CEDRO – “Cooperativa de Projetos e Consultoria em Desenvolvimento Sustentável – LTDA”. Reflecting on issues that are in the practice of rural extension in settlements, especially on the forms and conceptualizations of participation, aim to deepen and enhance the debate on intervention on rural areas. The study is to outline the premises of the Observation participants, which has the characteristic of using the natural environment interactions as a data source. Were identified continuities and discontinuities along the extension process, exposing contradictions of the practice in rural extension and the action of professionals in conflict with the ideals, norms and guidelines and proposals of the documents and agreements about the politics Program ATES. Sought, by identifying the inclusion of actors interacting in rural action extension, exposing the dilemmas and conflicts that underlie an extension process, with its institutional limits, the direct paths of an ATER that falls within a wide, dynamic and qualified agrarian reform. / Este estudo objetiva descrever e analisar a relação entre extensionistas e assentados, focando os profissionais de uma cooperativa de trabalho que acessa políticas públicas, mais especificamente o Programa de Assistência Técnica, Social e Ambiental à Reforma Agrária – ATES, direcionada exclusivamente a assentamentos, no caso estudado, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Resgatando o histórico e a trajetória das políticas de Extensão Rural no Brasil, são exposto as disputas em torno da forma, do conteúdo e da função da mediação extensionista, assim como os conflitos que subjazem as diferentes concepções da ação extensionista e do desenvolvimento rural e sustentável. As novas referências teóricas e metodológicas da Extensão Rural, aliadas as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural – PNATER, ao qual a ATES se baliza, imprimem características complexas e contraditórias, por vezes aflorando conflitos nas diferentes concepções de mediação e de intervenção em assentamentos. Utilizando a literatura sobre mediação social e ação extensionista, acompanhado de tipos e formas assumidas da prática extensionista e suas respectivas referências pedagógicas se constrói o arcabouço teórico sobre a dinâmica que se desenha com a operacionalização da Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural – ATER em assentamentos atendidos pela Cooperativa de Consultoria e Projetos em Desenvolvimento Sustentável - CEDRO. Refletindo sobre temas presentes no cotidiano desta prática extensionista e assentamentos, especialmente sobre as formas e as conceituações sobre a participação, se baliza alguns critérios centrais da ação extensionista, com intuito de aprofundar e qualificar o debate sobre a intervenção em assentamentos rurais. O estudo tem como delineamento as premissas da Observação Participante, que apresenta a característica de utilizar o ambiente natural de interações como fonte de dados. Identificaram-se continuidades e descontinuidades ao longo do processo extensionista, expondo contradições e o alcance das práticas dos profissionais extensionistas em confronto com os ideais, propostas e normatizações e direcionamentos dos documentos e contratos que regulam a política do Programa de ATES. Buscou-se, ao identificar a inserção dos atores que interagem na ação extensionista, expor os dilemas e conflitos que subjazem um processo extensionista, com seus limites institucionais, ao direcionar os caminhos de uma ATER que se insira em uma dinâmica ampla e qualificada de reforma agrária.

Workplace mediation services are committed to developing strategies that help people resolve conflict. In its various intrapsychic and psychosocial guises conflict is central to psychoanalytic theory and practice, but within the current literature there are no qualitative workplace mediation studies explicitly drawing on psychoanalytic/systems psychodynamic theory and thinking. In this way, the dynamic unconscious is effectively marginalised from the mediation research literature. This research adopts a case study approach, and reports the findings of a mixed methods mediation service review undertaken in an N.H.S. Trust. All research participants experienced significant conflict in the workplace, or were directly involved in addressing the antecedents, management and/or consequences associated with collegial and organisational dispute. 27 current N.H.S employees, selected by the mediation service lead, were invited to participate, with 15 proceeding to interview. All 15 participants contribute towards the service review data, whilst 6 of these interviews are used to specifically underpin psychoanalytic/systems psychodynamic analysis. The study methodology incorporates analytically informed negative capability and the Free Association Narrative Interviewing (F.A.N.I.) and analysis methods of Holloway & Jefferson (2012). An emphasis is placed working with the whole data according to the principles of gestalt, including the inter-subjective dynamics of the interview encounter itself, and analytical concepts such as counter-transference, splitting and projective identification. Many of the skills needed to work successfully as a psychoanalytic mediator are illustrated. The study also presents a summative content analysis of Trust board minutes Dec.2012 - Dec. 2015 to establish the representation of organisational conflict and mediation at the most senior levels of the organisation. A discrepancy between the reported prevalence of organisational conflict and its representation at board level is evident. The study links the service review findings to recommendations for the N.H.S. Trust at the level of policy and practice, alongside suggestions for further research.

Background: With advances in medical treatments, the numbers of cancer survivors have grown considerably over recent years. Following completion of cancer treatment, patients can experience a range of physical and psychological difficulties, particularly around critical transition phases such as adjustment to survivorship. One of the most common difficulties cited by cancer survivors is that of fear of cancer recurrence (FOR). Existing treatments for improving psychological wellbeing in this population appear to offer limited efficacy, and there are very few interventions directly targeting FOR. Acceptance-based approaches, with an underlying aim of improving psychological flexibility, offer one novel alternative approach to addressing these difficulties. Methods: This thesis presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature in relation to the effectiveness of acceptance-based interventions for post treatment cancer survivors, with a particular focus on Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI). A cross sectional questionnaire study is then reported which explores the potential role of psychological flexibility in mediating the relationship between FOR and distress and quality of life (QoL)outcomes. Results: The findings of the review offer tentative support for the effectiveness of MBI in reducing stress and depressive symptoms, while less convincing results emerged for anxiety. Results from the empirical study suggest that while psychological flexibility does not appear to significantly mediate the impact of FOR on distress and QoL, value based living and cognitive fusion did emerge as significant mediating variables within these relationships. Conclusions: Findings suggest that acceptance-based approaches, may be of benefit in reducing the burden of distress and improving the lives of cancer survivors. Supporting cancer survivors to become less entangled with their thoughts and live in accordance with their values may be particularly beneficial. Further studies using larger samples and longitudinal designs are warranted.

This paper talks about the international standards for commercial mediators. It introduces the standards of eight different jurisdictions and afterwards, evaluates whether there should be one accrediting standard for all international commercial mediators. In the introduction chapter, the paper talks about the problems with the current legal system and then explains the growth of mediation in today’s society. By discussing the nature and practice of mediation, whether mediation should be compulsory or voluntary in light of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, rationale of the various jurisdictions covered, the paper then talks about the attributes that make a good mediator as well as the accreditation and training of mediators. From chapter two to chapter nine, the paper focuses on eight jurisdictions in which mediation is firmly enshrined within one legal culture to those that are just embarking on the concept (namely Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Hong Kong, California and Canada). Each chapter talks about the developments of commercial mediation, law and institutions as well as training and accreditation of mediators within their respective jurisdictions. In the concluding chapter, it discusses whether there should be one accrediting standard for international commercial mediators by exploring the advantages and disadvantages of having one accrediting standard as well as the author’s analysis and point of view on the subject.

Le paysage sonore relève de la discrétion. L’écoute est une expérience solitaire dont le raffinement potentiel reste difficile à cerner par le langage, contaminé par l’image.Il existerait pourtant des formes de visualisations sonores dans l’art, qui nous permettraient paradoxalement d’aller au plus près des nuances de l’écoute et de révéler des aspects in-vus du paysage. Oubliés, inconscients, peu ou non encore repérées, mais non muets pour cela, ils participeraient à notre habiter. L’expérimentation constructive, c’est-à-dire l’écouter renforcé par un modus operandi spécifique, « la plongée », sorte de technique de chute, progressivement réelle, virtuelle autorisant des ajustements posturaux très fin, et le représenter quasi aveuglément, nous aiderait à les retrouver. La visualisation sonore opèrerait d’abord comme un outil de médiation. Parce qu’elle jongle délibérément avec la multi-sensorialité, elle permettrait de distinguer entre ce qui est donné à voir (figure) et ce qui est donné à vivre (fond).Elle fonctionnerait ensuite comme un support d’analyse, qui nous permettrait d’examiner l’action in situ in vivo d’un corps qui non se représente, mais qui trace pour mieux s’inscrire dans le mouvement. Doté d’une haute réceptivité et créativité, il serait capable d’assimiler le jeu d’une playing aura toujours plus actuelle par la convolution des gestes corporels (postures d'écoute, gestes plastiques) et ambiants (le « déjà là » sans qu’on en ait forcément conscience : les effets de la forme construite, les effets climatiques, culturels et sémantiques). Le mouvoir ensemble des corps et corporéités se densifierait momentanément sous forme de nœuds. L’organisation discrète, néanmoins concrète de ces figures de synthèse des transitions, de ces sommes, esthétiques, sensibles et intensives, que nous appellerons aussi des « motifs » de l’écoute, serait typique. Nos modes exploratoires et de restitution nous appendraient à les lire. Cela nous permettrait non seulement de nous comprendre en tant qu’êtres parmi des créatures tempérées, mais de découvrir un paysage simultanément guide et conséquence, dont l’habiter/construire se déclarerait dans et par son architecturation élastique, poreuse et à pouvoir intime. Nous serions alors en mesure d’opérer un bougé d’apparence du paysage. Nous examinerons l’ensemble de ces expériences à l’aide de notre corpus premier (d’origine artistique), tout en les raisonnant à l’aide de critères d’évaluation mixtes (Art, Architecture). Nous vérifierons nos modes d’exploration et de restitution à l’aide d’examens cognitifs. Nous les réfléchirons encore à travers des arguments phénoménologiques et philosophiques. Nous-nous intéresserons ensuite aux environnements artificiels. Nous pensons en effet qu’ils interviennent dans la texture de nos expériences. Comme elles instaurent des gestuelles normées qui assistent de plus en plus nos actes contemporains d’habiter/construire, elles méritent d’être évaluées. Tout en nous appuyant ici sur notre corpus second, qui se compose d’enquêtes auprès d’autres sujets percevants, nous analyserons les conséquences d’une telle incarcération technologique des gestes et plus précisément le comment elle interfère avec nos perceptions et nos représentations. Nous examinerons également des interfaces sensoriellement et gestuellement enrichies. Nous y étudierons les étiquettes, les décalages et les handicaps culturels. Nous réfléchirons enfin sur l’incorporation de nos mesures à l’intérieur des outils et maquettages existants. Nos modes d’exploration et de restitution s’illustreraient comme des auxiliaires de l’écoute sensible, qui deviendrait communément partageable. Instruments-mêmes d’une linguistique de l’in-vu, dont le spontané sophistiqué nous aiderait de nous mettre à la place de l’autre, ils permettraient de créer des connexions, de partager et de croiser nos idées, de faire évoluer nos interconnaissances et de concevoir des constructions collaboratives. / Soundscape noticed to discretion. Hearing is a solitary experience whose potential refinement remains difficult to surround by language because its visual contamination.There exist yet kinds of sound visualisations in art, which would paradoxically permit us to approach very close nuances of hearing and to wander to un-viewed aspects of landscape. Forgotten, unconscious, but not mute at all, they are a part in our living and constructing activities. The constructive experimentation, which means the action of hearing reinforced by a specific modus operandi, a kind of falling, called « the plunge » and the quasi blind representing, could help us to discover them again. This technique, gradually real, virtual would complete the experience by finely postural adjustments.The sound visualisation operates here first as a tool for mediation. Wilful juggling with multi-sensory generated meaning it permits us not only to distinguish both which is given to see (figure) and to live (fond, substance), but also to discover the action of a body which is not representing it-self but tracing in the aim of better inscription into the movement. By virtue of high receptivity and creativity this body would be able to assimilate a playing aura which means the main present, conscious and unconscious, always topical because of the convolution of bodily gestures (listening poses, plastic expressions) and ambient gestures (the yet there, not automatically conscious: the acoustic, climatic, cultural and semantic effects). The moving together of bodies and body like beings would momentarily become denser and shaping knots. The discreet nevertheless concrete organisation of these synthetic figures of transitions, of this aesthetic, sensory and intensive summary, which we call even listening patterns, in the sense of motif, is typical. Our exploration and reproduction modes would help us to learn to interpret them.From then, we would not only understand us as beings among other tempered creatures, but also discover a landscape simultaneously guide and consequence, whose elastic, porous and intimate proceedings and values of living/constructing would make us able to carry out a fade of landscape appearance.We will study all these experiences through our principal corpus (artistic one). We will argue them by mixed evaluations (artistic, architectural ones). We will verify our exploration and restitution modes by cognitive exams. We will think about them by phenomenological and philosophical reasoning.After this we wont become interested by artificial environments. We think in fact that they intervene in the texture of our experience. As they institute normed gestures, which assist more and more frequently our contemporary living/constructing acts they need to be gauged. Leaning on our secondary corpus, which is composed by investigations with other perceiving subjects, we will analyse the consequences of this kind of technological imprisonment of the gestures and precisely the how they interfere with our perceptions and representations. We will also examine gestural and sensory enriched interfaces. The sound visualisation would help us to make etiquettes, shifts and handicaps clear, to think about incorporation of our measurements into the existing tools and models.Our exploration and restitution modes would make us more attentive for sensible aspects of listening, which would become a common divisible. Linguistic instruments of the un-viewen whose sophisticate spontaneous would help us to set to the place of our next neighbour they would permit us to create connexions, to divide up and to cross our ideas, to mature our mutual knowledge and to conceive collaborative constructions.

abstract: Social situational awareness, or the attentiveness to one's social surroundings, including the people, their interactions and their behaviors is a complex sensory-cognitive-motor task that requires one to be engaged thoroughly in understanding their social interactions. These interactions are formed out of the elements of human interpersonal communication including both verbal and non-verbal cues. While the verbal cues are instructive and delivered through speech, the non-verbal cues are mostly interpretive and requires the full attention of the participants to understand, comprehend and respond to them appropriately. Unfortunately certain situations are not conducive for a person to have complete access to their social surroundings, especially the non-verbal cues. For example, a person is who is blind or visually impaired may find that the non-verbal cues like smiling, head nod, eye contact, body gestures and facial expressions of their interaction partners are not accessible due to their sensory deprivation. The same could be said of people who are remotely engaged in a conversation and physically separated to have a visual access to one's body and facial mannerisms. This dissertation describes novel multimedia technologies to aid situations where it is necessary to mediate social situational information between interacting participants. As an example of the proposed system, an evidence-based model for understanding the accessibility problem faced by people who are blind or visually impaired is described in detail. From the derived model, a sleuth of sensing and delivery technologies that use state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms in combination with novel haptic interfaces are developed towards a) A Dyadic Interaction Assistant, capable of helping individuals who are blind to access important head and face based non-verbal communicative cues during one-on-one dyadic interactions, and b) A Group Interaction Assistant, capable of provide situational awareness about the interaction partners and their dynamics to a user who is blind, while also providing important social feedback about their own body mannerisms. The goal is to increase the effective social situational information that one has access to, with the conjuncture that a good awareness of one's social surroundings gives them the ability to understand and empathize with their interaction partners better. Extending the work from an important social interaction assistive technology, the need for enriched social situational awareness is everyday professional situations are also discussed, including, a) enriched remote interactions between physically separated interaction partners, and b) enriched communication between medical professionals during critical care procedures, towards enhanced patient safety. In the concluding remarks, this dissertation engages the readers into a science and technology policy discussion on the potential effect of a new technology like the social interaction assistant on the society. Discussing along the policy lines, social disability is highlighted as an important area that requires special attention from researchers and policy makers. Given that the proposed technology relies on wearable inconspicuous cameras, the discussion of privacy policies is extended to encompass newly evolving interpersonal interaction recorders, like the one presented in this dissertation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Electrical Engineering 2011

O presente trabalho busca analisar a possibilidade de aplicação da mediação aos conflitos ecológicos com a finalidade de promover a proteção do meio ambiente de forma eficaz e inclusiva no Brasil. Como base deste estudo está o exame da crise ecológica e da mudança de postura do ser humano em relação às questões ambientais. A partir da compreensão desse processo histórico e social, procura-se verificar a evolução da proteção legal ao meio ambiente no direito brasileiro e a afirmação da intenção da sociedade de proteger o meio ambiente como parte do direito fundamental à qualidade de vida. Propõe-se uma análise que também envolve questões de ecologia política no sentido de examinar a ação política da indagação sobre as mudanças mais recentes da condição do ser humano em relação à natureza. Neste aspecto, constrói-se uma análise legislativa sobre os instrumentos de proteção ambiental no direito brasileiro, incluindose o questionamento sobre os instrumentos extrajudiciais de proteção ambiental. A estrutura apresentada se mostra como fundamento ao exame da mediação como alternativa ao enfrentamento dos conflitos ambientais no Brasil. Esta análise desenvolve-se a partir do método dedutivo, uma vez que, por meio da revisão de literatura, partiu-se de noções gerais sobre a concepção do ser humano frente à natureza e da forma com que as diferentes concepções alteraram o tratamento jurídico da proteção à natureza. A pesquisa, portanto, mostra-se adequada à linha de pesquisa à qual está vinculado, pois busca uma análise dos fundamentos teórico-filosóficos da mediação aplicada à questão ambiental no direito brasileiro. / This study aims to analyze the application possibility concerning the mediation procedure for ecological conflicts in order to promote the environment protection in Brazil. The study approaches the examination of the ecological crisis and the human changing posture in front of environmental matters. It parts from the historical review concerning the environmental protection legal affirmation process. The aim is to examine the development of environment legal protection in brazilian law, as well as to examine the social intention concerning the environment protection - as a fundamental right for quality of life. The analysis involves political ecology theories in order to analyze the political action on the current changes in the human condition in relation to nature. In this context, it built an analyses concerning the legal instruments for the environmental protection in Brazil. However the focus was also the extra-legal instruments: mediation. The research structure presents the mediation process as an alternative way for solving some environmental matters. The methodology applied is deductive method, begging from a literature review concerning legal regulation for environment in Brazil as well as legal regulations concerning mediation process. The research, therefore, is in harmony to the research lines of this Program.

Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o Projeto “Jovens Formadores para Novos Espectadores” realizado junto a um grupo de estudantes da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental José Plácido de Castro, na cidade de Sapucaia do Sul/RS. O Projeto desenvolvido durante os meses de junho a dezembro do ano de 2014 foi estruturado em duas etapas. A primeira delas ofereceu oficinas aos alunos participantes que proporcionaram maior aproximação dos sujeitos às questões teatrais – como linguagem, teoria e conceitos – além de promover o seu acesso a espetáculos, ou seja, a ida deles ao Teatro. Num segundo momento, esses estudantes assumiram o papel de orientadores em oficinas dirigidas a moradores do bairro, expandindo, desse modo, o conhecimento em relação ao Teatro e, por sua vez, ocupando o lugar de mediadores teatrais. Intencionou-se averiguar quais são as peculiaridades de um processo de formação de espectadores mediado por jovens estudantes e de que modo ocupar o papel de mediadores pode contribuir para as suas formações enquanto observadores da cena e sujeitos autônomos. A partir de práticas desenvolvidas pelos próprios estudantes e dirigidas para pessoas com pouco conhecimento em Teatro – em um aprendizado compartilhado que levou em conta o fazer e a apreciação teatral – pretendeu-se instrumentalizar e sensibilizar os jovens a fim de estimular a sua participação ativa no acontecimento teatral. Neste texto, as ações realizadas ao longo das etapas do Projeto são apresentadas, descritas e analisadas. A trajetória docente do pesquisador também faz parte da escrita, evidenciando referenciais e metodologias que se fizeram presentes ao longo da pesquisa. Tendo como principais referências os estudos de Flávio Desgranges a respeito das práticas necessárias a uma pedagogia do espectador, a noção de espectador emancipado de Jacques Rancière e sua visão sobre os processos educativos possíveis no intercâmbio de saberes entre sujeitos do conhecimento, e as notas de Jorge Larrosa sobre o saber que advém da experiência, este trabalho descreve a experiência expandida vivida no Projeto “Jovens Formadores para Novos Espectadores” como forma de contribuir para propostas desse tipo e, sobretudo, para a reflexão teórica e prática a respeito da mediação teatral e da formação de espectadores em âmbito escolar e comunitário. / This work sets out to study the Project “Young Mediators for New Spectators”, developed along with a group of students from Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental José Plácido de Castro, a primary school located in the municipality of Sapucaia do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. The Project, which was carried out between the months of June and December of 2014, featured two stages. The first consisted of workshops geared towards students, which brought them closer to Theater language, theory and concepts. It also promoted their access to spectacles, through the attendance of several plays. Later, the students took over the role of advisors in workshops offered to the community, hence expanding their knowledge of Theater and becoming mediators themselves. The present study seeks to examine the peculiarities of the process of forming spectators mediated by young students, and also how occupying the role of mediators can contribute to their formation as scene observers and autonomous subjects. Through practices devised by the students, geared towards people with little or no knowledge of Theater, the project aimed to equip and sensitize the youngsters in order to stimulate their active participation in the theatrical event. In this text, the actions developed along the stages of the Project are presented, described and then analyzed. The teaching trajectory of the researcher also permeates the writing, which gives evidence of the references and methodologies presented throughout this research. It draws upon the studies of Flávio Desgranges regarding the necessary practices for a pedagogy of the spectator, the notion of the emancipated spectator of Jacques Rancière and his viewpoint about the possible education processes in the exchange of knowledge between subjects, and Jorge Larrosa's notes about the knowledge that stems from experience. This work describes the expanded experience shared in the Project “Young Mediators for New Spectators” as a way of contributing to proposals of this kind, and above all, to the theoretical reflexion and practice regarding theatrical mediation and the formation of spectators at the school and community level.