Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-29T13:12:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUANNA ABÍLIO DINIZ MELQUÍADES DE MEDEIROS - TESE (PPGCEMat) 2016.pdf: 2959071 bytes, checksum: 8f8d00d965384bdfa5e696914975121c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-29T13:12:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUANNA ABÍLIO DINIZ MELQUÍADES DE MEDEIROS - TESE (PPGCEMat) 2016.pdf: 2959071 bytes, checksum: 8f8d00d965384bdfa5e696914975121c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Diversos biomateriais tem sido desenvolvidos para preencher ou reconstruir defeitos ósseos, dentre esses destaca-se a quitosana por seu potencial osteoindutor. Outras substâncias que tem despertado o interesse da comunidade científica são os fitoterápicos, nesse grupo encontra-se o mastruz (Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants), por apresentar capacidade de estimular e acelerar o reparo ósseo. Sendo assim, este trabalho objetivou desenvolver e avaliar esferas de quitosana/ Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants para aplicação como biomaterial para regeneração óssea. Para tanto foi feita a coleta e identificação botânica da espécie vegetal, em seguida foi produzido o extrato alcoólico bruto (EAB) do qual foi realizada a caracterização fitoquímica. Feito isso, foram confeccionadas esferas, pela técnica de geleificação ionotrópica, utilizando o Tripolifosfato de sódio (TPP) como agente de reticulação e em seguida as mesmas foram lavadas com água destilada e colocadas para secagem na estufa. Após esse processo, as esferas de quitosana e quitosana com diferentes concentrações do EAB foram caracterizadas utilizando Microscopia Ótica (MO); Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV); Espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR); Medida do diâmetro das mesmas; ensaios de Citotoxicidade in vitro, Biodegradação enzimática in vitro e Compressão. O resultado da caracterização fitoquímica, demonstrou a presença de esteróides, saponinas e principalmente flavonóides no extrato alcóolico bruto (EAB). A MO evidenciou a formação de esferas bem delimitadas e com tendência a ficarem mais escuras a medida em que se aumentava a concentração do EAB; a MEV revelou a presença de uma superfície externa enrugada e uma superfície interna com aspecto denso devido ao processo de secagem na estufa. O estudo químico realizado através do FTIR identificou todas as bandas características típicas de cada material estudado nesta pesquisa; e nas esferas produzidas, verificou-se a interação do TPP com a quitosana. A medida do diâmetro das esferas de quitosana sem incorporação EAB (Q0) foi menor em comparação aos demais grupos: quitosana+5% de EAB (Q5), quitosana+10% de EAB (Q10) e quitosana+20% de EAB (Q20). Todas as amostras foram consideradas não citotóxicas; com relação à biodegradação, na presença de lisozima, as esferas de todos os grupos apresentaram perda de massa em todos os tempos estudados, já na solução Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) foi observado um ganho de massa em todos os grupos nos diversos tempos estudados. O grupo Q0 suportou maior carga compressiva e também deformou mais, antes de fraturar, quando comparado aos grupos Q5, Q10 e Q20. Desta forma pode-se concluir que a metodologia para produção de esferas foi de fácil execução, sendo por tanto reprodutível e que por meio das caracterizações realizadas observou-se que o EAB, tornou as esferas maiores, atuou como agente reticulante da quitosana, aumentando o tempo de degradação e também a carga compressiva suportada e deformação sofrida até a fratura. Dessa forma a incorporação do EAB foi favorável para utilização das esferas como possível agente osteoindutor, visto que os produtos da sua degradação podem atuar com esse propósito, sendo as esferas do grupo Q20 as mais indicadas para áreas com dimensões anatômicas reduzidas / Several biomaterials have been developed to fill in or reconstruct bone defects, among these the chitosan stands out due to its osteoinductive potential. Other substances have aroused the interest of the scientific community are the phytotherapics, in this group can be found the ‘mastruz’ (Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants), for presenting the capacity of stimulating and accelerate bone repair. Thereby, this work aimed to develop and assess chitosan Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants spheres for application as a biomaterial for bone regeneration. For this purpose the collection and botanical identification was carried out, and after the crude ethanolic extract (CEE) was produced, and its phytochemical characterization was performed. Having done this, spheres were made, by the ionotropic gelation method, using the Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking agent and after, they were washed with distilled water and placed to dry in the oven. After this process, the chitosan spheres and chitosan with different concentrations of the EAB were characterized using Optical Microscopy (OM); Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); measurement of the diameter; in vitro Cytotoxicity, in vitro Enzymatic biodegradation and Compression tests. The result of the phytochemical characterization, demonstrated the presence of steroids, saponins and mainly flavonoids, in the crude ethanolic extract (CEE). The OM revealed the formation of well delimited spheres with a tendency of becoming darker as the EAB concentration increased; the SEM revealed the presence of a wrinkled external surface and an internal surface with a dense aspect due to the drying in the oven process. The chemical study performed by the FTIR identified all the bands typical characteristics of each material studied in this research; and in the produced spheres, the interaction of the TTP with the chitosan was found. The measures of the chitosan sphere’s diameters without the incorporation of the CEE (Q0) were smaller in comparison to the other groups: chitosan+5% of CEE (Q5), chitosan+10% of CEE (Q10) and chitosan+20% of CEE (Q20). All the samples were considered not cytotoxic; in relation to the biodegradation, in the presence of lysozyme, the spheres of all the groups presented mass loss at all the studied times, as for in the solution Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) a mass gain was observed in all the groups at the various studied moments. The Q0 group bared a greater compressive load and also deformed more, before fracturing, when compared to the Q5, Q10 and Q20 groups. This way it can be concluded that the methodology for the production of spheres was easy to carry out, therefore being reproducible and by means of the characterizations performed it was observed that CEE, made the spheres bigger, acted as a crosslinking agent of the chitosan, increasing the degradation time and also the supported compressive load and deformation suffered until the fracture. This way the incorporation of the CEE was favorable for the use of the spheres as a possible osteoinductor agent, seen as the products of their degradation may act with this purpose, being the spheres of the Q20 group the most indicated for areas with reduced anatomic dimensions.

Submitted by Lucas Ferenzini Alves (lucas.agroecologia@gmail.com) on 2018-07-05T18:48:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferenzini_la_dr_botfca.pdf: 1484844 bytes, checksum: 59c57b85aca45f6821b1d00c0db8d02f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2018-07-05T19:03:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ferenzini_la_dr_botfca1.pdf: 1484844 bytes, checksum: 985d3a95c75bafaf4a9563769b70e00d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-05T19:03:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ferenzini_la_dr_botfca1.pdf: 1484844 bytes, checksum: 985d3a95c75bafaf4a9563769b70e00d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes (Spreng.) Less.) é uma planta medicinal popularmente utilizada para tratamento de afecções do aparelho respiratório, problemas renais, diurética, dentre outras. Poucas informações sobre sua propagação são encontradas na literatura, suas sementes apresentam baixo percentual de germinação e a propagação vegetativa se mostrou pouco produtiva e inviável. Com isso o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da propagação vegetativa através das técnicas de estaquia e miniestaquia. Os experimentos foram realizados na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, Câmpus de Botucatu - SP. O capítulo 1 foi dividido em dois experimentos. O experimento I verificou a influência de diferentes épocas (outono, inverno, primavera e verão) de retirada do ramo no enraizamento de estacas caulinares herbáceas da espécie. No experimento II foram realizado quatro experimentos independentes e simultâneos, sendo testados dois reguladores vegetais sintéticos (IBA e NAA) em duas formas (talco e líquido), um regulador vegetal natural (extrato do bulbo de tiririca) e um preparado homeopático (Arnica montana) em dois tipos de estacas (herbácea com folha e lenhosa sem folha). Os ramos coletados no outono obtiveram melhores resultados, apresentando taxa de enraizamento de 67,5%, o inverno obteve o pior resultado com a mortalidade de todo o estande, primavera e verão tiveram baixas taxas de sobrevivência e enraizamento, atingindo 8 e 4%, respectivamente. No experimento II a taxa de sobrevivência e enraizamento foi extremamente baixa, com isso impossibilitou a realização das análises estatísticas. O capítulo 2 também foi dividido em dois experimentos. O experimento I verificou quatro espaçamentos de plantio de minicepas de assa-peixe (0,10 x 0,10 m; 0,15 x 0,15 m; 0,20 x 0,20 m e 0,25 x 0,25 m), onde o maior espaçamento obteve as melhores médias nas características avaliadas, com destaque para a maior produção de miniestacas. O experimento II avaliou a influência de duas fontes de adubação (sintética e orgânica) em duas concentrações (50 e 100%). A fertirrigação orgânica 50% apresentou a maior porcentagem de miniestacas enraizadas. Níveis elevados de condutividade elétrica afetou o desenvolvimento das minicepas, as produções e o desenvolvimento das miniestacas, sendo o tratamento com fertirrigação sintética 100% o mais prejudicial. / Among medicinal plants, there is assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes (Spreng.) Less.), which is popularly for treating affections of the respiratory apparatus, kidney failure, dieresis and other illnesses. There is a paucity of literature on propagation methods for assa-peixe, since their seeds have a low germination percentage; consequently, vegetative propagation is quite unfeasible. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of vegetative propagation through cutting and mini-cutting techniques. Experiments were installed at the Lageado Experimental Farm, School of Agriculture of the Botucatu Campus (FCA/UNESP). Chapter 1 was divided into two experiments; the first experiment examined branch removal under different seasons (autumn, winter, spring and summer) for rooting of softwood cuttings; besides four independent and simultaneous experiments were also conducted with two plant growth regulators (IBA and NAA) tested on both forms of talc and liquid, a natural plant regulator (bulb extract) and a homeopathic remedy (Arnica montana) in softwood (with leaf) and hardwood (without leaf) cuttings. Results indicated that autumn branches performed better results, that is, a rooting rate of 67.5%; while winter showed the worst result with the mortality for the whole-stand; but spring and summer had low survival and rooting rates, reaching 8 and 4%, respectively. Furthermore, survival and rooting rates were extremely low in the second experiment, making it impossible to carry out useful statistical analyzes. Chapter 2 was also divided into two experiments, the first experiment assessed plant spacing on assa-peixe (0.10 x 0.10m, 0.15 x 0.15m, 0.20 x 0.20m and 0.25 x 0.25m), showing that the largest spacing provided the best means of evaluated traits, highlighting the higher production of mini-cuttings. Moreover, the influence of two fertilization sources (synthetic and organic) at two concentrations (50 and 100%) was evaluated in the second experiment. Results indicated that 50% oganic fertigation presented the highest percentage of rooted mini-cuttings. Also, high levels of electrical conductivity affected production, mini-cuttings and seedling development; consequently, 100% synthetic fertigation was the most harmful.

In response to the urgent call for investigations into antiretroviral (ARV)-African traditional medicine (ATM) interactions, this research was undertaken to ascertain whether chronic administration of the ATM, Sutherlandia frutescens (SF) may alter the bioavailability of the protease inhibitor (PI), atazanavir (ATV), which may impact on the safety or efficacy of the ARV. Prior to investigating a potential interaction between ATV and SF in vitro and in vivo, a high performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was developed and validated for the bioanalysis of ATV in human plasma and liver microsomes. An improved and efficient analytical method with minimal use of solvents and short run time was achieved in comparison to methods published in the literature. In addition, the method was selective, linear, accurate and precise for quantitative analysis of ATV in these studies. Molecular docking studies were conducted to compare the binding modes and affinities of ATV and two major SF constituents, Sutherlandioside B and Sutherlandin C, with the efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the CYP450 isoenzyme, CYP3A4 to determine the potential for these phytochemicals to competitively inhibit the binding of ATV to these two proteins, which are mediators of absorption and metabolism. These studies revealed that modulation of P-gp transport of ATV by Sutherlandioside B and Sutherlandin C was not likely to occur via competitive inhibition. The results further indicated that weak competitive inhibition of CYP3A4 may possibly occur in the presence of either of these two SF constituents. The Caco-2 cell line was used as an in vitro model of human intestinal absorption. Accumulation studies in these cells were conducted to ascertain whether extracts and constituents of SF have the ability to alter the absorption of ATV. The results showed that the aqueous extract of SF significantly reduced ATV accumulation, suggesting decreased ATV absorption, whilst a triterpenoid glycoside fraction isolated from SF exhibited an opposing effect. Analogous responses were elicited by the aqueous extract and a triterpenoid glycoside fraction in similar accumulation studies in P-gp overexpressing Madin–Darby Canine Kidney Strain II cells (MDCKII-MDR1), which signified that the effects of this extract and component on ATV transport in the Caco-2 cells were P-gp-mediated. The quantitative analysis of ATV in human liver microsomes after co-incubation with extracts and components of SF was conducted to determine the effects of SF on the metabolism of ATV. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of SF inhibited ATV metabolism, whilst the triterpenoid glycoside fraction had a converse effect. Analogous effects by the extracts were demonstrated in experiments conducted in CYP3A4-transfected microsomes, suggesting that the inhibition of ATV metabolism in the liver microsomes by these SF extracts was CYP3A4-mediated. A combination of Sutherlandiosides C and D also inhibited CYP3A4-mediated ATV metabolism, which was in contrast to the response elicited by the triterpenoid fraction in the liver microsomes, where other unidentified compounds, shown to be present therein, may have contributed to the activation of ATV metabolism. The in vitro studies revealed the potential for SF to alter the bioavailability of ATV, therefore a clinical study in which the effect of a multiple dose regimen of SF on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single dose of ATV was conducted in healthy male volunteers. The statistical analysis showed that the 90 % confidence intervals around the geometric mean ratios (ATV + SF/ATV alone) for both Cmax and AUC0-24 hours, fell well below the lower limit of the "no-effect" boundary of 0.8 – 1.25, implying that the bioavailability of ATV was significantly reduced in this cohort of subjects. It may thus be concluded that if the reduction in bioavailability observed in this clinical study is found to be clinically relevant, co-administration of SF commercial dosage forms and ATV in HIV/AIDS patients may potentially result in subtherapeutic ATV levels, which may in turn contribute to ATV resistance and/or treatment failure. This research has therefore highlighted the potential risk for toxicity or lack of efficacy of ARV regimens which may result when ATMs and PIs are used concurrently and that patients and health care practitioners alike should be aware of these perils.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-01-26T13:46:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ThulianneLS_DISSERT.pdf: 3299799 bytes, checksum: cd0a2a0b29c69ca43f04d3473f094d74 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T13:46:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThulianneLS_DISSERT.pdf: 3299799 bytes, checksum: cd0a2a0b29c69ca43f04d3473f094d74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / Ethnoveterinary research is defined as the science that involves the opinion and knowledge of popular practices, used for the treatment and prevention of diseases that affect animals. Among the branches of this science is herbal medicine consisting in the treatment of diseases using medicinal plants, this practice is becoming more widespread, and it is evident in fact, because of the valuable lessons of past generations and the future treatment of humans and animals may replace or reduce the use of synthetic drugs, allowing the existence of a means balancing at room. With this research attempts to revive the popular knowledge about the use of medicinal plants in goats in rural settlements, located in the municipality of Mossoró/RN, Northeastern Brazil, and to achieve this goal have been made visits to settlements, applying questionnaires to producers of goats that live in these places on therapeutic indications and ways of using plants to treat diseases that these animals.Simultaneously were collected copies of the said plants, whichthey were identified and deposited in the herbarium MOSS, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid.The medicinal uses have been described 38 species belonging to 23 botanical families, reported by 106 respondents aged over 18 years. The families of plants with the largest representation in the consultation were Fabaceae (7 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (4 spp.), Lamiaceae (3 spp.). The most frequent species were Heliotropium indicum L. (Fedegoso), Ximenia americana L. (Ameixa- brava) e Aloe vera(babosa). The bark and the leaves were predominantly the parties mentioned. The data collected by this research showed that farmers goats, have access and knowledge to a wide variety of medicinal plants responsible for supplying different diseases that affect goats. And it can be seen that even with today's technological advances the groupin this study has interest in the use of plants for medicinal purposes / A pesquisa etnoveterinária é definida comoa ciência que envolve a opinião e o conhecimento das práticas populares, utilizadas para o tratamento e prevenção de doenças, que acometem os animais. Dentre os ramos dessa ciência está a fitoterapia que consiste no tratamento das doenças utilizando plantas medicinais, esta prática está cada vez mais difundida, e evidencia-se de fato, devido aos valiosos ensinamentos das gerações passadas, e no futuro o tratamento de humanos e animais poderá substituir ou reduzir a utilização dos fármacos sintéticos, possibilitando a existência de um meio ambiente em equilíbrio. Com isso a pesquisa busca resgatar o conhecimento popular sobre o uso de plantas medicinais em caprinos nos assentamentos rurais, situados no município de Mossoró/RN, região Nordeste do Brasil. E para atingir este objetivo foram realizadas visitas aos assentamentos, aplicando-se questionários aos produtores de caprinos que residem nestes locais, buscando indicações terapêuticas e formas de utilização de plantas no tratamento de enfermidades que acomentem esses animais. Simultaneamente foram coletados exemplares das plantas citadas, as quais foram identificadas e depositadas no herbário MOSS, da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido.Foram descritos os usos medicinais de 38 espécies, pertencentes a 23 famílias botânicas, reportadas por 106 informantes com idade acima de 18 anos. As famílias de plantas com maior representatividade na consulta foram Fabaceae (7 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (4 spp.)e Lamiaceae (3 spp.).As espécies mais citadas foram Heliotropium indicum L(Fedegoso), Ximenia americana L(Ameixa- brava) e Aloe vera(Babosa). As cascas e as folhas foram as partes predominantemente citadas. Os dados levantados por esta pesquisa evidenciaram que produtores rurais de caprinos têm acesso e conhecimento a uma ampla variedade de plantas medicinais responsáveis por suprir diferentes enfermidades que acometem caprinos. E percebeu-se que mesmo com os avanços tecnológicos atuais o grupo em estudo apresenta interesse na utilização de plantas com a finalidade medicinal / 2017-01-25

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-02-22T15:48:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KhaledSDAF_DISSERT.pdf: 1652583 bytes, checksum: 6b68b9459cfef1773aadaf9370dcd0dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T15:48:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KhaledSDAF_DISSERT.pdf: 1652583 bytes, checksum: 6b68b9459cfef1773aadaf9370dcd0dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / By theincreasing of pathogenic microorganisms resistance´s to drugs due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, there is the concern to seek alternative therapies. The diversity of medicinal plants known in the Caatinga is high and getting in the community suggests a strong correlation between the using and traditional knowledge of these plants. During breastfeeding, the umbilical stump becomes gateway to pathogens that can cause infection and subsequent death of the animals. The objective is to characterize the technological and social aspects of decoction use as an antiseptic of the inner bark of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) and bush plum (Ximeniaamericana) in the umbilical stump of sheep and goats in settlements of Mossoró / RN with producers of the “Associação de Criadores de Caprinos do Oeste Potiguar e Região de Mossoró –ASCCOM”. Statistical analysis (in vitro) was used a completely randomized arrangement, considering as treatments the concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5% and iodine and chlorhexidine as a positive control with three replicates in the analysis of inhibition of bacterial growth halo, with its analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the application of the Tukey test at 5% probability. In the in vivo analysis, the application of decoctions happened once daily for 6 days and were collected swabs of navels and sent to the Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory of UFERSA, this was used Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% probability in comparison of treatments with iodine glycerin, decoction of the bark of A. occidentaleand X. americana., to observe the growth of bacterial colonies forming units. For the statistical analysis of data collected in the questionnaires it was used descriptive statistics. The results obtained for the presence of microorganisms such as Actinomycesspp., Acinetobacterspp., Aeromonasspp., Bacillus coagulans, Corynebacteriumsp., Citrobactersp., Escherichia coli, Enterobactersp., Pasteurella sp., Stomatococcusspp. Staphylococcusspp. and Xanthomonas maltophilia. The decoctions of A. occidentaleand X.americanapresented a great antiseptic action in vitroand in vivo. Most respondents had the age over of forty years old and had knowledge about the use of medicinal plants, had incomplete primary education and form of income was livestock. It was observed that Xamericana.is the most widely used plant. The main therapeutic indication is for wounds, the most used part of the inner bark and tea was, however, used orally or topically. A. occidentaleand knew X. Americanas herbal and had onfalopatia inthe cattle.The minority conductedtreatment with medicinal plants, although they believe in the use of medicinal plants efficiency. Most producers affirmed that the knowledge of the use of medicinal plants was passed on through family were traditional knowledge and conservation by maintaining the nature reserve. The inner bark of the cashew action prevents onfaloflebite. We can conclude that the plants A. occidentaleand X.americanaare an alternative as antiseptics, as well as the use of traditional knowledge about plants are a reality in the rural settlements of Mossoró / RN / Com aumento da resistência de micro-organismos patogênicos às drogas e uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos, surge a preocupação para procurar alternativas terapêuticas. A diversidade de plantas medicinais conhecida na Caatinga é elevada e sua obtenção na comunidade sugere uma forte correlação entre uso e o conhecimento tradicional dessas plantas. Durante a amamentação, o coto umbilical se torna porta de entrada para patógenos que podem causar infecção e posterior óbito dos animais. Objetiva-se caracterizar os aspectos tecnológicos e sociais do uso do decócto como antisséptico da entrecasca do cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale) e da ameixa do mato (Ximenia americana) no coto umbilical de ovinos e caprinos em assentamentos de Mossoró/ RN, com produtores da Associação de criadores de caprinos do oeste potiguar e região de Mossoró – ASCCOM. Para análise estatística (in vitro) foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualisado, considerando-se como tratamentos as concentrações de 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5% e iodo e clorexidine como controle positivo, com três repetições na análise da inibição do halo de crescimento bacteriano, com respectiva análise de variância (ANOVA) seguida da aplicação do teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Na análise in vivo, a aplicação dos decóctos aconteceu uma vez ao dia, durante 6 dias e foram colhidos suabes dos umbigos e enviado ao laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária da UFERSA, neste, foi utilizado teste de Kruskal-Wallis, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, na comparação dos tratamentos com iodo, glicerina, decócto da entrecasca do A. occidentale e X. americana, para observação do crescimento das unidades formadoras de colônias bacterianas. Para análise estatística dos dados coletados nos questionários, utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Como resultados obteve-se a presença de micro-organismos como Actinomyces spp., Acinetobacter spp., Aeromonas sp., Bacillus coagulans, Corynebacterium sp., Citrobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp., Pasteurella sp., Stomatococcus spp. Staphylococcus spp. e Xanthomonas maltophilia. Os decóctos de A. occidentale e X. americana apresentaram ótima ação antisséptica in vitro e in vivo. A maioria dos entrevistados apresentaram idade superior a quarenta anos e tinham conhecimento sobre a utilização de plantas medicinais, apresentavam ensino fundamental incompleto e a forma de renda era pecuária. Foi observado que a X. americana é a planta mais utilizada. A principal indicação terapêutica foi para feridas, a parte mais utilizada a entrecasca e a forma foi o chá, contudo, utilizada por via oral ou tópica. Conheciam A. occidentale e X. americana como fitoterápico e tiveram onfalopatia no rebanho. A minoria realizou tratamento com plantas medicinais, embora acreditem na eficiência do uso das plantas medicinais. A maioria dos produtores afirmaram que o conhecimento do uso de plantas medicinais era repassado através do conhecimento tradicional familiar e faziam a conservação através da manutenção da reserva natural. A ação de entrecasca do cajueiro previne a onfaloflebite. Podemos concluir que as plantas A. occidentale e X. americana são uma alternativa como antissépticos, bem como o uso o conhecimento tradicional sobre as plantas são uma realidade nos assentamentos rurais de Mossoró/ RN / 2017-02-22

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Various dermatological disorders, such as formation of black pigmented patches on the surface of the skin arise from the over-activity of tyrosinase enzyme's degenerative action. This enzyme is further implicated in the involvement of melanin in malignant melanoma, the most lifethreatening skin tumors. Although, synthetic products were found effective to combat this menace, nevertheless, overtime detrimental effect on human skin is a challenge. Investigation of natural tyrosinase inhibitors from methanol extracts of medicinal plants of Lamiaceae family using L-tyrosine as substrate on three different complementary assays (TLC bio-autography, spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry) was carried out accordingly. The result indicated Salvia chamelaeagnea, Salvia dolomitica, Plectranthus ecklonii, Plectranthus namaensis, and Plectranthus zuluensis, with significant zone of inhibition against tyrosinase on TLC bio-autography, spectrophotometry result showed that extracts of Plectranthus ecklonii (IC50 = 21.58 μg/mL), Plectranthus zuluensis (IC50 = 23.99 μg/mL), Plectranthus madagascariensis (IC50 = 23.99 μg/mL) and Salvia lanceolata (IC50 = 28.83) demonstrated good anti-tyrosinase activity when compared with kojic acid (IC50 = 3.607 μg/mL). On the other hand, cyclic voltammetry are in consonant with above results thereby supported the nomination of some of the extracts as strong anti-tyrosinase agents. Salvia chamelaeagnea showed strong activity in cyclic voltammetry and clear zone of inhibition on TLC bioautography, these reasons gave us justification for further chemical study to isolate the bioactive constituents. Phytochemical investigation of the bioactive extract of Salvia chamelaeagnea using different chromatographic methods including column chromatographic and semi preparative HPLC afforded six (6) known compounds viz carsonol (C1), carnosic acid (C2), 7- ethoxylrosmanol (C3), ursolic acid (C4), rosmanol (C5) and ladanein (C6). Their chemical structures were elucidated by analyses of spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR) data as well as correlations with existing literature. The methanolic extract of S. chamelaeagnea (SC) showed moderate antityrosinase (IC50 = 267.4 μg/mL) activity, total antioxidant capacities measured as: Oxygen radicals absorbance capacity (ORAC; 14970 ± 5.16 μM TE/g), ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP; 9869.43 ± 7.87 μM AAE/g) and trolox equivalent absorbance capacity (TEAC; 13706.5 ± 0.95 μM TE/g). Excellent total antioxidant capacities were demonstrated by C1 and C5 respectively as FRAP (9338.92 ± 1.72; 8622.73 ± 1.92) μM AAE/g; TEAC (16505 ± 0.86; 10641.5 ± 0.52) μM TE/g; ORAC (14550.5 ± 3.65; 14633.90 ± 3.84) μM TE/g and including the inhibition of Fe2+ -induced lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 32.5; 30.25) μg/mL. All the compounds except C4 are electro-active with well-defined oxidation-reduction peaks while C1 demonstrated the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity by strongly decreased the inhibition current with time using cyclic voltammetry method. The isolated compounds especially C1, C2 and C5 are well known to combat with ageing problems and documented for their powerful activity against oxidative stress and alzheimer's diseases, which are ageing related symptoms. The isolation of such bioactive compounds indicated the synergetic effect of the results of the three methods used in this thesis. This is the first report on the evaluation of both anti-tyrosinase and total antioxidant capacities of the isolated compounds from S. chamelaeagnea. The findings therefore can be used as background information for exploitation of skin depigmentation and antioxidant agents from natural source.

?rea de concentra??o: Ci?ncias farmac?uticas. / Incluir como ag?ncias financiadoras: Grupo Coimbra das Universidades Brasileiras (GCUB) e Organiza??o dos Estados Americanos (OEA). / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-03T17:55:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) maria_angelica_mera_cordoba.pdf: 4879022 bytes, checksum: 13557ebc3d06581da850d1f24cc11a52 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-19T16:40:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) maria_angelica_mera_cordoba.pdf: 4879022 bytes, checksum: 13557ebc3d06581da850d1f24cc11a52 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-19T16:40:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) maria_angelica_mera_cordoba.pdf: 4879022 bytes, checksum: 13557ebc3d06581da850d1f24cc11a52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O Cerrado mineiro possui muitas esp?cies vegetais utilizadas na medicina popular, dentre elas est?o a Pseudobrickellia brasilensis , a Miconia ferruginata e Ageratum fastigiatum, plantas popularmente usadas como analg?sico, cicatrizante e anti-inflamat?rio. Estudos realizados no Laborat?rio de Imunologia da UFVJM indicaram que extratos destas plantas possuem efeito inibit?rio sobre a ativa??o de linf?citos humanos in vitro. Em virtude disso, e com base em relatos populares sobre uma poss?vel a??o antitumoral, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi pesquisar se estes extratos apresentariam ou n?o efeito citot?xico sobre a linhagem tumoral Jurkat, utilizando-se concentra??es n?o t?xicas, j? avaliadas sobre c?lulas mononucleares do sangue perif?rico humano (PBMC). Uma vez que os extratos vegetais foram dilu?dos no solvente Dimetilsulf?xido (DMSO), inicialmente investigou-se a concentra??o m?xima de DMSO que n?o alteraria a viabilidade das c?lulas Jurkat ap?s 24, 48 e 72 horas de cultura. O efeito citot?xico dos extratos foi avaliado sobre linf?citos tumorais (Jurkat) e sobre linf?citos humanos de volunt?rios h?gidos pelo m?todo de exclus?o com azul de tripan, com exce??o das culturas tratadas com P.brasilensis, onde a viabilidade foi avaliada por citometria de fluxo. Tamb?m foram calculados os ?ndices de seletividade e percentuais de efic?cia dos extratos com rela??o ao f?rmaco antineopl?sico Paclitaxel. Foi avaliada tamb?m a interfer?ncia desses extratos sobre as fases do ciclo celular das c?lulas Jurkat, bem como os mecanismos de morte envolvidos na a??o citot?xica dos extratos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o DMSO n?o apresentou efeito t?xico sobre as c?lulas Jurkat na concentra??o de 1%v/v nos tr?s tempos de incuba??o, sendo esta a concentra??o de solvente utilizada em todos os ensaios realizados. Extratos etan?licos das folhas da P. brasilensis (PBf) a 200?g/mL, das partes a?reas da A. fastigiatum (Afpa) a 50?g/mL e extratos etan?licos e aquosos da M. ferruginata (Mfet, Mfaq) a 125?g/mL mostraram maior toxicidade sobre as c?lulas Jurkat principalmente ap?s 72h de tratamento. O tratamento, por 24h, com extrato Afpa 50 ?g/mL mostrou ser o mais seletivo e eficaz com rela??o aos outros extratos. Foi evidenciado em todos os extratos, que nas maiores concentra??es, ap?s de 24 horas de tratamento, houve uma inibi??o na progress?o da fase G2M do ciclo celular. O extrato das partes a?reas de Ageratum fastigiatum tamb?m produziu uma reten??o dessas c?lulas na fase G0-G1. Todos os extratos induziram a apoptose as c?lulas Jurkat, onde o n?mero de c?lulas em apoptose tardio foi predominante em rela??o aos processos necr?ticos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The Cerrado Mineiro has many vegetable species used in folk medicine. Plants like Pseudobrickellia Brasilensis, Miconia ferruginata and Ageratum fastigiatum are widely used as analgesic, healing or anti-inflammatory. Studies carried on the Immunology Laboratory (UFVJM) shown that extracts from these plants has inhibitory effects in the activation of in-vitro-cultured human lymphocytes. In this way, and based on folk stories related with their anti-tumor action, the main objective of this work was research about the cytotoxic effect of this plants on Jurkat tumor line-cell cultures, using as first experiment non-toxic extract concentrations previously proved on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBCM). Once the vegetable extracts were diluted in dimetilsulfoxide (DMSO), previously, the maximum DMSO concentration not-altering cell viability was determined after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cytotoxic effect was studied using the exclusion method with tripam blue on tumor lymphocytes (Jukart) and human lymphocytes, donated by healthy volunteers, except for P.brasilensis treated line cells, for which cell viability was studied by flux cytometer. The selectivity index and extracts efficiency percentage were calculated and related with the antineoplastic Paclitaxel drug. The extracts interference on the Jukart cell cycle phases and the cell death mechanisms related with the cytotoxic activity were evaluated. According to the obtained results, DMSO does not show cytotoxic effects on Jukart cells in 1% (v/v) concentration at the three incubation times, being this the solvent concentration used in all the experiments. Ethanol extracts of P. brasilensis leaves (PBf) at 200?g / mL, aerial parts of A. fastigiatum (Afpa) at 50?g / mL and M. ferruginata aqueous and ethanolic extracts (Mfet, Mfaq) at 125?g / mL showed higher Toxicity on Jurkat cells mainly after 72h of treatment. The 24 h treatment with Afpa at 50 ?g/mL was the most selective and effective in comparison with the other tested extracts. It was evidenced in all extracts, that at the highest concentrations, after 24 hours of treatment, there was an inhibition in the progression of the G2M phase of the cell cycle. The extract of Ageratum fastigiatum aerial parts also produced the G0-G1 phase retention. All extracts induced Jukart cell apoptosis, and cell number on late apoptotic phase predominated on the necrotic ones.

Incluir como ag?ncias financiadoras: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq); Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-08T19:58:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) fernando_henrique_marques_costa.pdf: 968489 bytes, checksum: 0df569b110148887e113292d0d960db5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-09T18:48:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) fernando_henrique_marques_costa.pdf: 968489 bytes, checksum: 0df569b110148887e113292d0d960db5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T18:48:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) fernando_henrique_marques_costa.pdf: 968489 bytes, checksum: 0df569b110148887e113292d0d960db5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / O consumo popular do boldo (P. boldus) ? feito com fins medicamentosos para tratar problemas relacionados ao f?gado e a m? digest?o. Apesar de ser uma planta mundialmente conhecida, no Brasil outras esp?cies tamb?m recebem o nome de boldo, portanto ? comum a confus?o entre os seus v?rios tipos. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetiva estudar a composi??o qu?mica dos extratos de duas esp?cies de boldos (V. condensata e P. barbatus) e quatro produtos comerciais (boldo, eparema, hepatilon, e ch? de boldo) provenientes do P. boldus. Al?m disso, ? feita uma compara??o dos extratos com os produtos comerciais. As folhas das esp?cies V. condensata e P. barbatus foram submetidas ? macera??o para o preparo dos extratos aquoso (EA) em duas temperaturas (25 e 100 ?C), etan?lico (EE) e hex?nico (EH) na propor??o de 1:10 (amostra/solvente). Para o preparo dos produtos comerciais, cinco amostras de 10 mL de cada produto, de mesmo lote, foram misturadas e armazenadas em frasco ?mbar. Tanto os extratos preparados quanto os produtos comerciais foram secos em fluxo de ar e aquecimento para posterior derivatiza??o antes da an?lise por CG-EM. Os extratos polares foram os que extra?ram a maior quantidade de compostos, destacando-se os extratos aquosos que se assemelham aos produtos comerciais. Os carboidratos foram os compostos majorit?rios nas duas esp?cies e nos quatro produtos comerciais. Em rela??o aos ?cidos graxos, estes foram identificados em maiores quantidades nos extratos hex?nicos, e os compostos arom?ticos, apenas nos produtos comerciais. Ao final do estudo, concluiu-se que a t?cnica da derivatiza??o e posterior an?lise por CG-EM se mostrou eficiente na identifica??o de compostos presentes nas esp?cies do boldo e nos produtos comerciais que n?o foram encontrados na literatura. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The popular consumption of boldo (P. boldus) is made for medical purposes to treat problems related to liver and poor digestion. In spite of being a world-known plant, in Brazil other species also receive the name of Boldo, therefore is common the confusion between its several types. In this context, the present study aims to study the chemical composition of the extracts of two species of boldos (V. condensata and P. barbatus) and four commercial products (boldo, eparema, hepatilon, and boldo) from P. boldus. In addition a comparison of the extracts with the commercial products is made. The leaves of the species V. condensata and P. barbatus were submitted to maceration to prepare aqueous extracts (EA) at two temperatures (25 and 100 ? C), ethanolic (EE) and hexane (EH) in the ratio of 1:10 (Sample / solvent). For the preparation of the commercial products, five 10 ml samples of each product of the same batch were mixed and stored in an amber bottle. Both the prepared extracts and the commercial products were dried in air stream and heated for further derivatization prior to GC-MS analysis. The polar extracts were the ones that extracted the largest amount of compounds, standing out the aqueous extracts that resemble the commercial products. Carbohydrates were the major compounds in both species and in the four commercial products. In relation to fatty acids, these were identified in greater amounts in the hexane extracts, and the aromatic compounds, only in commercial products. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the technique of derivatization and subsequent analysis by CG-EM was efficient in identifying compounds present in Boldo species and in commercial products that were not found in the literature.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-08T19:27:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cibele_lima_santos.pdf: 1218952 bytes, checksum: 03cd087ac0502ce45a8d70ed5ee937a2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-14T14:55:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cibele_lima_santos.pdf: 1218952 bytes, checksum: 03cd087ac0502ce45a8d70ed5ee937a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T14:55:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) cibele_lima_santos.pdf: 1218952 bytes, checksum: 03cd087ac0502ce45a8d70ed5ee937a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Esta pesquisa surge do interesse de investigar as formas de tratamentos alternativos e complementares conhecidos como Pr?ticas Integrativas de Sa?de incentivadas pela Organiza??o Mundial da Sa?de (OMS), bem como, aproximar de culturas e pr?ticas pouco valorizadas socialmente, frente ao mundo globalizado que se sobrep?e aos modos de vida, costumes e que, imprudentemente, se sobrep?e ?s pessoas. Assim, buscar saber quais foram as contribui??es das benzedeiras para o Programa Farm?cia Viva, desenvolvido no Distrito de S?o Sebasti?o das ?guas Claras ? Nova Lima/MG, e se seus saberes e pr?ticas tradicionais e populares acerca da medicina desenvolvida atrav?s das plantas medicinais formaram os objetivos dessa pesquisa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e explorat?ria, que se ancorou na hist?ria oral como forma de traduzir o sentimento singular guardado na mem?ria dos participantes, em especial das benzedeiras. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um question?rio com quest?es semiestruturadas, cujas entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas em igual teor. Os dados analisados, portanto, partiram da sensibilidade de cada entrevistado. Assim, foi poss?vel transformar os retalhos em ricos relatos que nortearam as reflex?es na tentativa de alcan?ar os objetivos da pesquisa. Como em toda pesquisa, os resultados alcan?ados nem sempre respondem prontamente ?s expectativas. Todavia, mesmo tendo alcan?ado resultados animadores e satisfat?rios, algumas frestas ainda permeiam o universo velado da ci?ncia e da cultura. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ensino em Sa?de, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / This study originates from the intend to investigate the alternative therapeutic options known as Integrative Health Practices encouraged by the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as to come closer to cultures and practices underappreciated by the society in the globalized world that prevails over lifestyle, traditions and recklessly over people. Thus, the main purpose of this research was try to find out what the contributions of the faith healers were to the program Farmacia Viva, carried out in the district of Sao Sebasti?o das ?guas Claras ? Nova Lima/MG, if their knowledge and traditional folk practices regarding the medical science developed through medicinal plants were respected. This is a qualitative and exploratory research anchored in oral history as a means to express the singular feeling kept in the contributors memory, particularly the faith healers. The data were collected through a survey with semi-structured questions and had the interviews recorded and reproduced in equal content. Therefore, the analysed data stemmed from the sensitivity of each interviewed, making it possible to transform the fragments into a full reports that guided the reflections in the attempt to achieve the research goals. However, as in any research, the results achieved not necessarily respond to the question promptly. Given that, although encouraging and satisfactory results have been reached, some gaps still permeate the veiled universe of science and culture.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / The aim of this study is to isolate and evaluate the anticonvulsant components from the leaves of Leonotis leonorus (L) R.aR. and to see if there is any change in activity with the origin of the plant material and I or the season in which plant material is collected. Therefore, in this study, two sites were chosen for collection of plant material and the collection was made in summer and in winter. Chemical, physical and pharmacological methods were used to isolate, identify and to evaluate compounds isolated from the leaves of Leonotis leonorus for anticonvulsant activity. / South Africa