[pt] Esse início do século XXI marcou definitivamente a entrada da cidade do Rio de Janeiro no rodízio mundial de cidades que recebem importantes e grandes eventos político, culturais e esportivos. A história nos mostra que este último, os esportivos, tem significantes impactos políticos, econômicos e sociais para as cidades sede. Defendidos por uns e criticados por outros, os grandes eventos esportivos tem se mostrado como poderosos viabilizadores dos chamados grandes projetos urbanos. Diante de seus impactos na cidade e na sociedade, e em especial nos assentamentos precários e favelas do Rio, movimentos sociais têm se organizado em torno desses megaeventos questionando seus legados prometidos e principalmente a quantidade de dinheiro destinado a sua realização. A história da cidade do Rio de Janeiro nos mostra que bairros inteiros vêm lutando por melhores condições de habitabilidade, já outros lutam pelo básico direito a permanência e contra as práticas remocionistas, característica essa tão presente nas cidades que recebem grandes eventos esportivos. O trabalho visa estudar uma experiência de organização comunitária que questiona os megaeventos e ao mesmo tempo reivindica intervenções básicas de infraestrutura no bairro da Rocinha. O grupo chamado Rocinha Sem Fronteiras se reúne há nove anos, uma vez por mês em um espaço cedido por uma igreja dentro da Rocinha. É um grupo apartidário que tem conseguido provocar importantes discussões e reflexões junto à população residente da Rocinha desenvolvendo rodas de conversas com políticos e autoridades públicas em um espaço de diálogo horizontal entre moradores e convidados. / [en] This early 21st century definitely marked the entrance of the city of Rio de Janeiro in the global rotation of cities that receive large and important political, cultural and sport events. History shows us that the latter, the sports, has significant political, economic and social impacts for the host cities. Defended by some people and criticized by other, major sports events have proved to be powerful enablers of so called major urban projects. Due to their impacts in the city and in society, and especially in slums and favelas of Rio, social movements have been organized around these mega events, questioning their pledged legacies and mainly the amount of money intended for their realization. The history of the city of Rio de Janeiro shows us that entire neighborhoods have been fighting for better living conditions, others fight for the basics right to stay in their homes and neighborhoods, and against the removal policy, this feature so present in cities that receive major sports events. This paper looks at a community organization experience that questions the mega events, while claiming basic interventions on infrastructure in the Rocinha neighborhood. Called Rocinha Without Borders, the group have been meeting once a month for six years in a space provided by a church in Rocinha. They are a nonpartisan group that has managed to cause important discussions and reflections with the resident population of Rocinha, developing meeting of conversations with politicians and public authorities in a horizontal dialogue between residents and guests.

The Tubed Mega Frame is a new structure concept for high-rise buildings which is developed by Tyréns. In order to study the structural performance as well as the efficiency of this new concept, a global analysis of the Tubed Mega Frame structure is performed using finite element analysis software ETABS. Besides, the lateral loads that should be applied on the structure according to different codes are also studied. From the design code study for wind loads and seismic design response spectrums, it can be seen that the calculation philosophies are different from code to code. The wind loads are approximately the same while the design response spectrums vary a lot from different codes. In the ETABS program, a 3D finite element model is built and analyzed for linear static, geometric non-linearity (P-Delta) and linear dynamic cases. The results from the analysis in the given scope show that the Tubed Mega Frame structural system is potentially feasible and has relatively high lateral stiffness and global stability. For the service limit state, the maximum story drift ratio is within the limitation of 1/400 and the maximum story acceleration is 0.011m/sec 2 which fulfill the comfort criteria.

No description available.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid are requiring long-term care facilities (LTCFs) to implement antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) to alleviate overuse of antibiotics in the nursing home population. Current research shows that the benefits of ASPs include improved patient outcomes, reduced adverse events related to Clostridium difficile (C-diff) infection, improvement in rates of antibiotic susceptibilities, and optimized resource utilization. This project addressed the problem of antibiotic overuse and misuse in the geriatric population and whether the implementation of an ASP reduced the overuse of antibiotics, C-diff infection, and resistance rates in the LTCF. Application of the Johns Hopkins nursing model and Centers for Disease Control framework informed this project. An ASP was implemented by the organization. This project evaluated the program preASP and postASP over a 10-month period. A descriptive analysis was used to compare the number of new antibiotic starts, C-diff cases, and resistant cases before and after ASP implementation. The total number of cases of resistance declined from 12 to 10 cases after the ASP was implemented, which was a 16.67% decline. The number of monthly new antibiotic orders for the time period evaluated declined from 120 to 110 respectively, which was an 8.3% change. There was no change in the number of C-diff infections. The results demonstrated that implementing the ASP led to a decline in antibiotic misuse, overuse, and resistance cases. This project supports social change by expanding the healthcare team's knowledge regarding the project problem and informing future interventions to be implemented to help reduce antibiotic overuse and misuse in the geriatric population.

No description available.

A new concept for the structural system for tall buildings, called the “Tubed Mega Frame”, has been developed by Tyréns AB. The structure consists of several hollow reinforced concrete columns at the perimeter of the building and at certain levels, the columns are tied together with perimeter walls. Together they carry all the vertical and lateral loads. A purpose of the new concept is to eliminate the core in the center of the building which allows utilizing more floor spacing compared with other skyscrapers. This kind of structure has never been examined before and thus never been designed for such a large building. In this thesis the vertical hollow concrete columns are designed according to the American concrete design code, ACI 318. A literature study on reinforced concrete columns has been investigated, where the goal was to identify the most critical design aspects for columns in high rise structures, especially utilizing high strength concrete. Since this kind of structure never has been designed before, an evaluation of the ACI 318 has been performed to check if it is possible to design the hollow reinforced columns in the Tubed Mega Frame according to this design code. The loads and forces used for the design were extracted from a global finite element model in ETABS of a concept prototype of 800 meter. The design process consisted of design calculations according to the ACI 318, a buckling analysis in SAP2000 and a non-linear FE-analysis in ATENA. For the buckling analysis in SAP2000 the lower region of the building was isolated between two main perimeter walls. The model was modified several times to analyze how sensitive the structure was to buckling, with regard to different wall thicknesses, cracked cross-sections, openings in the columns and the dependency of intermediate perimeter walls. The non-linear analysis in ATENA focused on a single hollow column between two perimeter walls in the lower regions of the building. Two models were created, one with a full wall thickness and one with a reduced wall thickness where the ultimate capacity and failure behavior of the columns were investigated. The ultimate capacity of the sections designed by hand calculations and analyzed in ATENA were found to be brittle failure modes. To achieve a more ductile failure, an alternative reinforcement geometry with confining reinforcement has been proposed. The results from the design shows that the structure is redundant against buckling, even with reduced bending stiffness and without intermediate perimeter walls. From the analysis in ATENA, the results demonstrated that the columns are capable of carrying all the ultimate loads even if the wall thickness is reduced by 50%, and that it is possible to use the ACI 318 to design the reinforced concrete columns. However, an unexpected brittle failure occurred in the flanges of the column corners in the tensile region were shear lag may affect the behavior and caused the premature failure. A deductive conclusion has been drawn which states that proper confinement will be critical to achieve a ductile failure behavior even in the tensile region, which will require further studies in order to fully understand the behavior. Even though the results show that it was possible to reduce the cross-sectional thickness of the columns, more studies have to be performed to evaluate if the global structure fulfills the requirements with the decrease in column wall thickness. / Ett nytt strukturellt koncept för skyskrapor har utvecklats av Tyréns AB, "Tubed Mega Frame", där strukturen består av flera ihåliga armerade betongpelare i utkanten som hålls samman med omslutande tvärväggar, och tillsammans bär de alla vertikala och laterala laster. Denna typ av konstruktion har aldrig analyserats eller utformats tidigare. I detta examensarbete är de vertikala ihåliga betongpelarna dimensionerade enligt den amerikanske byggnormen, ACI 318 och de kritiska aspekterna med att utforma ett höghus i höghållfast betong med ihåliga pelare undersökts. Eftersom denna typ av konstruktion aldrig tidigare utformats, har en utvärdering av ACI 318 genomförts för att kontrollera om det är möjligt att dimensionera de ihåliga vertikala pelarna i Tubed Mega Frame enligt denna norm. De laster och krafter som används för dimensioneringen extraherades ur en global finit elementmodell för en konceptbyggnad på 800 meter i ETABS. Den dimensionerande processen bestod av dimensioneringsberäkningar enligt ACI 318, en knäckningsanalys i SAP2000 och en icke-linjär FEM-analys i ATENA. För knäckningsanalysen i SAP2000 isolerades en sektion i den nedre regionen av byggnaden, mellan två omslutande tvärväggar. Modellen ändrades flera gånger för att analysera hur känslig konstruktionen var med hänsyn till knäckning, och de ändringar som gjordes var: minskning av väggtjocklekar, reducering för spruckna tvärsnitt, öppningar i pelarna samt de omslutande mellanliggande tvärväggarnas inverkan på knäckningen av konstruktionen. Den icke-linjära analysen i ATENA fokuserade på en pelare mellan två omslutande tvärväggar i den lägre regionen av byggnaden. Två modeller skapades, en med en full väggtjocklek och en med en reducerad väggtjocklek för att analysera brottbeteendet och verifiera den handberäknade kapaciteten enligt ACI 318. De brottmoder som påträffades för tvärsnittsverifikationen i ATENA var spröda och karakteriserades med krossning av betongen, och för att uppnå ett mer segt brott härleddes en alternativ armeringsgeometri med sammanhållande armeringsbyglar i de mest kritiska regionerna av pelarna. Resultaten visade att konstruktionen är robust mot knäckning, även med minskad böjstyvhet och utan mellanliggande omslutande tvärväggar. Av analysen i ATENA visade resultaten att pelarna är kapabla att bära alla de kritiska lasterna även om väggtjockleken reduceras med 50 % och att det är möjligt att använda ACI 318 som norm för dimensionering av pelarna i Tubed Mega Frame. Dock inträffade ett oväntat sprött brott i den dragna flänsen i nedre regionen av pelaren, framförallt koncentrerat till hörnen. Anledningen till det spröda brottet har utvärderats och analyserats där hypotesen är att flänsskjuvning i kombination med höga spänningskoncentrationerna i hörnen orsakar det lokala brottbeteendet i flänsen. Slutsatsen som baseras på hypotesen är att sammanhållande armeringsbyglar skulle vara avgörande för att uppnå ett segt brottbeteende även för den dragna flänsen. Även om resultaten visade att det var möjligt att reducera tvärsnittstjockleken för pelarna, krävs mer studier för att utvärdera om den globala konstruktionen uppfyller kraven för en minskning av pelarnas väggtjocklekar.

I describe library as a place where one can detach from everyday life and attach to things that happened hundreds of years ago, happen in the fantasy world, happen in the spiritual space. With this description I regard library as a spiritual space rather than a functional building. It also influences all the decisions though out the design, site selection, space formation and material choosing. All these things put together to sculpture a place which is detach from everyday life. The site that I choose is under skanstullsbron which has a mega structure however surrounded by water and woods. The strong contrast between human scale and huge structure is the drama part of the design. A small out door space is design in the viaduct structure which is the closest to the top of the viaduct carry up this contrast to max. The original structure is beautiful therefore I design to create a place that people can stay and expose the original structure as much as possible. In this case, in the arch part I do not place any wall, just insert two bridges and platform to make it accessible.

No description available.

Residents are main actors in the context of publicly funded sport events due to their role as taxpayers, and the importance of their support in an event’s success. The use of taxpayer dollars for hosting sport events is typically justified by event proponents (e.g., the local government) by highlighting purported positive event outcomes for the community. The extent to which such outcomes are attained may therefore influence the relationship between residents and their local government. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the long-term outcomes of publicly funded, non-mega sport events, and to examine the role of trust, knowledge, and power in the public/government relationship and event support in relation to these outcomes. To achieve this purpose, I focused on two publicly funded non-mega sport events, specifically the 2011 and 2019 Canada Winter Games, and drew on agency theory. The project progressed through three phases of research, each culminating in a research article. The first phase involved outlining the theoretical approach taken for this project. Next, I investigated the event objectives and long-term outcomes from resident and event provider perspectives. Finally, I investigated the public/government relationship by determining factors that predict general political trust and event support. The first article explains how agency theory, and the concepts of power, knowledge, and trust can be used to investigate political implications of publicly funded sport events. The second article suggests that while most residents evaluated their respective event positively, the interests of residents and event providers regarding event objectives and outcomes diverge. The final article revealed that event experiences positively predicted event support three- and 11-years following the event, and that residents’ power (i.e., ability to influence) negatively predicted political trust, while knowledge (i.e., understanding) positively impacted political trust in the event context. The three articles are preceded by a general introduction and are wrapped-up by a concluding chapter. Cumulatively, the results demonstrate that actors within the context of a publicly funded non-mega sport event may act as principals and agents in various moments of the event hosting process. Further, findings suggest that ensuring host residents are informed of the event will foster trust in the local government, and that community-focused tangible outcomes in particular will foster event support. This dissertation contributes conceptually and empirically to sport event management literature by taking a long-term post-event perspective on publicly funded, non-mega sport events. Practically, event providers should ensure that residents are fully informed of the event hosting process, and should ensure that tangible, and sustainable event outcomes occur as these seem to impact the most residents in a host community even from a long-term perspective. Finally, this work outlines the need for future research addressing methodological challenges in non-mega sport event research, investigating opportunism and monitoring in principal-agent relationships, and determining appropriate public engagement strategies for sustainable event outcomes.

Building engineering is called upon to keep up with the pace and challenges of modern design, which aims not only to build higher and greener, but also to fulfill the demands of the growing population and simple human curiosity. The main purpose of this study was to examine the global behavior of a slender and inclined (V-shaped) 300 m high rise building with different structural systems applied. In order to properly evaluate them, four different parametric studies were conducted. These included determining the appropriate inclination angle and the geometry of a simple beam system and later comparing fourteen different structural systems, namely trusses, diagrids, Tubed Mega Frames and moment frames. Parallel to this, a further investigation was made on a shell and beam element model, in order to assess the simplifications made and to control the obtained results. This study was based on various simulations in Finite Element Analysis programs, primarily ETABS, but also SAP2000 and Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis. The modelling included the definition of geometry and applied loads and results in extracting the desirable forces and deformations. Additionally, the automatic design for structural members was used for the purpose of a comprehensive study of the chosen structural systems. The designed structures were subjected to static analysis (dead, live, wind, seismic load), dynamic analysis (response spectrum and time history function) and nonlinear P-delta effect. A buckling analysis was also performed to determine the modes and associated load factors for buckling. In the end, the structural response in terms of displacement and acceleration was compared. The inclination angle study set the defining angle at 10° from vertical, with respect to the serviceability limit deflection. Comparing alternative truss geometries in a 2D parametric study resulted in the choice of four different systems (X, N, K and W trusses). In the 3D analysis, the chosen truss systems, together with three variations of diagrid systems, and seven Tubed Mega Frames with two moment frame structures were further analyzed. In both groups, the mass and the material of the systems were kept similar and the comparison was basically based on the obtained maximum displacement and natural periods of the buildings. The shell and frame model comparison gave a difference in displacements between 0 and 12%. Finally, the comprehensive study of the Tubed Mega Frame, X truss and diagrid structures showed that these buildings were performing similarly to vertical buildings with a top story displacement within the suggested limits (less than 673 mm). Further investigation should be made concerning the acceleration under synthetic earthquake, which exceeded the suggested norms, as well as the connecting nodes between the trusses and the inclined columns. The outcome of this study implied the possibility of construction and usability of inclined, slender, tall buildings with respect to the Ultimate Limit State and the Service Limit State, as specified in the American standard, ASCE 7-10, and opened new possible issues for further research.