Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this dissertation I investigate the class number one problem in function fields. More precisely I give a survey of the current state of research into extensions of a rational function field over a finite field with principal ring of integers. I focus particularly on the quadratic case and throughout draw analogies and motivations from the classical number field situation. It was the "Prince of Mathematicians" C.F. Gauss who first undertook an in depth study of quadratic extensions of the rational numbers and the corresponding rings of integers. More recently however work has been done in the situation of function fields in which the arithmetic is very similar. I begin with an introduction into the arithmetic in function fields over a finite field and prove the analogies of many of the classical results. I then proceed to demonstrate how the algebra and arithmetic in function fields can be interpreted geometrically in terms of curves and introduce the associated geometric language. After presenting some conjectures, I proceed to give a survey of known results in the situation of quadratic function fields. I present also a few results of my own in this section. Lastly I state some recent results regarding arbitrary extensions of a rational function field with principal ring of integers and give some heuristic results regarding class groups in function fields. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis ondersoek ek die klasgetal een probleem in funksieliggame. Meer spesifiek ondersoek ek die huidige staat van navorsing aangaande uitbreidings van 'n rasionale funksieliggaam oor 'n eindige liggaam sodat die ring van heelgetalle 'n hoofidealgebied is. Ek kyk in besonder na die kwadratiese geval, en deurgaans verwys ek na die analoog in die klassieke getalleliggaam situasie. Dit was die beroemde wiskundige C.F. Gauss wat eerste kwadratiese uitbreidings van die rasionale getalle en die ooreenstemende ring van heelgetalle in diepte ondersoek het. Onlangs het wiskundiges hierdie probleme ook ondersoek in die situasie van funksieliggame oor 'n eindige liggaam waar die algebraïese struktuur baie soortgelyk is. Ek begin met 'n inleiding tot die rekenkunde in funksieliggame oor 'n eindige liggaam en bewys die analogie van baie van die klassieke resultate. Dan verduidelik ek hoe die algebra in funksieliggame geometries beskou kan word in terme van kurwes en gee 'n kort inleiding tot die geometriese taal. Nadat ek 'n paar vermoedes bespreek, gee ek 'n oorsig van wat alreeds vir quadratiese funksieliggame bewys is. In hierdie afdeling word 'n paar resultate van my eie ook bewys. Dan vermeld ek 'n paar resultate aangaande algemene uitbreidings van 'n rasionale funksieliggaam oor 'n eindige liggaam waar die van ring heelgetalle 'n hoofidealgebied is. Laastens verwys ek na 'n paar heurisitiese resultate aangaande klasgroepe in funksieliggame.

碩士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 物理研究所 / 80 /

Vlastnické právo "je stejně všudypřítomné jako člověk a tvoří jednu ze základních součástí všech společností."1 Je tedy pochopitelné, že se lidé vlastnictvím zabývají již velmi dlouhou dobu. V průběhu dějin se názory na vlastnické právo vyvíjely a měnily. Je tak možné se setkat s velkým množstvím často navzájem protikladných názorů na vlastnictví. Měnilo se také hledisko, ze kterého se lidé vlastnictvím zabývali. Např. se lidé snažili zjistit, zda je vlastnické právo součástí "přirozeného" či "smluvního" řádu světa.2 Jindy se vlastnictvím zabývali např. z hlediska ekonomie. My se otázkou přirozenosti vlastnického práva zabývat nebudeme. V této práci se budeme vlastnictvím zabývat z hlediska jeho funkcí. To znamená, že se pokusíme zjistit, jakým způsobem vlastnické právo prospívá jednotlivým lidem žijícím ve společnosti. Tato problematika je velmi obsáhlá a různorodá. Není tak možné si vystačit pouze s platným právem, ale je nezbytné pojednat i o otázkách ekonomických a právně teoretických či právně filosofických. Ještě než přistoupíme k výkladu o samotných funkcích vlastnického práva, budeme se v první kapitole zabývat otázkami, které souvisí obecně s vlastnickým právem (nikoliv pouze s jeho funkcemi). Jejich vysvětlení je však nezbytné, abychom pochopili zkoumanou problematiku ve všech souvislostech. Ve...

The purpose of this research study was to assess the control function of social work managers. The basic focus of the study is on how they perceive this management function of control as they exercise it, as well as how it is exercised to them. Out of two research methods that one can choose from, namely quantitative and qualitative, the quantitative was chosen as the relevant one to use because of the specific close-ended questions that were to be answered by respondents regarding the exercise of control as a management function. Out of twenty five (25) questionnaires, an analysis of data was done on twenty (N = 20), because that was the original target and the five were just distributed in case some could not answer for whatever reason. The findings and responses from the respondents were analysed and interpreted to meet the main objectives of the study. / Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel wat die kontrole funksie van ’n maatskaplikewerk-bestuurder is. Hierdie studie is gefokus op hoe die bestuursfunksie beleef word soos dit beoefen word. Van die twee navorsingsmetodes waaruit gekies kan word, naamlik kwalitatief en kwantitatief, is daar besluit dat die kwantitatiewe metode meer relevant sal wees omdat dit spesifieke geslote vrae vra wat ingestel is op die bestuursfunksie van kontrole. Uit die 25 vraelyste is die data van 20 (N = 20) vraelyste ontleed, aangesien dit die aanvanklike teiken was. Daar is 5 ekstra uitgedeel net ingeval daar persone sou wees wat nie die vraelys kon voltooi nie. Die bevindinge en reaksie van die 20 ondervraagdes is ontleed en geïnterpreteer om die basiese doel van die studie te bereik. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Social Work)

In this dissertation a study was undertaken of the function of the public sector manager at the central level of government and of the role which the public manager plays in the human resources management. South Africa is a three-tier state, which consists of the central, provincial and local levels of government. The central government is the supreme body of government entrusted with the responsibility of making policies, rules and giving direction to the entire citizenry. The central government is manned by politicians from different political parties who have to decide on behalf of their electorates. It is a given fact and a reality that politicians alone cannot deliver the services to the communities. So public officials are appointed to implement the policies enacted by Parliament. Public managers have to interpret policies and give direction to the various structures of government. Among the activities of government, public managers have also to give direction as to the management of human resources in the public sector. This study investigated the function of the public manager at the central government with a reference to the management of human resources. This research was necessitated by the fact that since the new constitutional dispensation in South Africa, many changes have taken place most of which implied that the management of human resources in the public sector would have to reflect such changes. Public managers perform various functions, including generic administrative functions, auxiliary functions and functional activities. These functions are performed at senior management level. Furthermore, these functions performed by public managers will be viewed from the human resource management. Particular, attention is focused on the staffing in the public sector and how public managers can best perform their function in absorbing proper personnel in the public sector. AFRIKAANS : 'n Studie is onderneem om die funksie van die openbare sektor bestuurder op sentrale regeringsvlak te ondersoek asook die rol wat die openbare bestuurder speel in menslike hulpbronbestuur. Die verantwoordelikheid van die openbare sektor is om dienste te verskaf aan die landsburgers en om dit suksesvol te bereik meet die openbare sektor oor goed opgeleide personeel beskik. Ten einde personeel te kan bestuur behoort openbare bestuurders kennis te dra van die behoeftes, vrese en verwagtinge van die publiek. Een van die vernaamste funksies van die openbare bestuurder is om leiding te gee aan andere. Suid Afrika is 'n driedelige staat, wat bestaan uit die sentrale, provinsiale en plaaslike vlakke van regering. Die sentrale regering is die hoogste regeringsliggaam verantwoordelik vir beleidmaking, die daarsteling van reëls en om rigting te gee aan alle landsburgers. Die sentrale regering word gevorm deur politici van verskillende politieke partye wat namens hul ondersteuners besluite moet neem. Dit is 'n onomstootlike feit en werklikheid dat politici nie alleen die dienste aan die gemeenskap kan verskaf nie. Daarom word openbare amptenare aangestel om die beleid wat deur die Parlement aanvaar is, te implementeer. Openbare bestuurders moet beleid interpreteer en leiding gee binne die verskillende strukture van die regering. Die aktiwiteite van die regering bring mee dat openbare bestuurders leiding moet gee rakende die bestuur van menslike hulpbronne in die openbare sektor. Hierdie studie het die funksie van die openbare bestuurder in die sentrale regering ondersoek met verwysing na die bestuur van menslike hulpbronne. Die navorsing was genoodsaak deur die feit dat sedert die nuwe grondwetlike bedeling in Suid Afrika baie veranderinge plaasgevind het waarvan meeste impliseer dat die bestuur van menslike hulpbronne in die openbare sektor sodanige veranderinge sal reflekteer. Openbare bestuurders voer verskeie funksies uit insluitende generiese administratiewe funksies, hulpfunksies en funksionele aktiwiteite. Hierdie funksies word op senior bestuursvlak uitgevoer. Verder word hierdie funksies wat deur openbare bestuurders uitgevoer word beskou vanuit 'n menslike hulpbron oogpunt. Spesifieke aandag is gegee aan die personeel in die openbare sektor en hoe openbare bestuurders hulle funksies tot die beste van hul vermoë kan uitvoer deur bekwame personeel in diens te neem in die openbare sektor. Die studie toon aan dat daar tydens die transformasie van die Suid-Afrikaanse staatdiens politieke oorweging geskenk sal moet word aan die vervanging van wit persone met swartes, vrouens en gestremdes. In partypolitieke terme beteken dit geensins 'n balans tussen diegene wat die waardes van die ou orde aanhang en diegene wat die waardes van die nuwe orde bevorder nie. Die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1996 volg 'n humanistiese benadering, wat beteken dat die armes, werkloses, verwaarloosde en wanhopige mense gehelp moet word wat in sigself nie 'n partypolitieke kwessie is nie. Verder toon internasionale onderving dat die radikale transformasie van grondwette dikwels vrees, onsekerheid en paniek onder inwoners veroorsaak. Hierdie gevoelens word dikwels op verskillende wyses deur verskillende gemeenskappe tot uiting gebring. S.A. is daarom geen uitsondering nie. Die vermoë van die staatsdiens om dienste te lewer sal nie net afhang van die politieke leierskap en bestuursvaardighede van die politieke ampsbekleders nie, maar ook van die professionalisme van staatsamptenare. Copyright / Dissertation (MAdmin)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA) / Unrestricted

Background. L’ asfissia perinatale determina spesso un quadro di encefalopatia associata a disfunzione cardiaca. L’ipotermia rappresenta l’unica terapia efficace nel ridurre il danno cerebrale. Non è noto se possa agire anche sul danno miocardico. Obiettivi. Definire il danno miocardico conseguente ad asfissia perinatale mediante metodiche TDI associate a tecniche ecocardiografiche tradizionali e valutarne l’ outcome a breve e lungo termine. Materiali e Metodi. Sono stati arruolati 15 neonati con encefalopatia ipossico-ischemica: 7 di grado severo-moderato raffreddati per 72 h e 8 di grado lieve non raffreddati. Entrambi i gruppi hanno eseguito dosaggio ematico di CPK, Troponina T e Pro-BPN entro le 6 h di vita, a 12, 24 h di vita e in 7° giornata; a tutti sono stati eseguiti ECG ed ecocardiografia tradizionale e TDI entro 6 h di vita, a 36 h, a 7 giorni ed a 12 mesi; nel gruppo 1 anche a 4 giorni e a 1, 6 e 18 mesi di vita. Risultati. Le concentrazioni sieriche dei markers studiati nelle diverse tempistiche sono risultate più elevate nei pazienti del gruppo 1 rispetto al gruppo 2. In maniera concorde tutti gli indici di funzionalità cardiaca (output ventricolari, TAPSE, velocità sistolica e diastoliche al TDI) sono risultati significativamente inferiori nel gruppo1 rispetto al gruppo2 nelle prime ore dopo l’ insulto ischemico per entrambi i ventricoli, per poi riallinearsi successivamente. In particolare per quanto riguarda la metodica TDI i rapporti E/Em ed Em/Am per la valvola mitrale sono risultati significativamente inferiori anche a 7 giorni nel gruppo 1. Conclusioni. Le misure eseguite con metodica TDI presentano maggiore sensibilità nel riconoscere alterazioni della funzionalità miocardica rispetto alle metodiche tradizionali; tali valori infatti si normalizzano più tardivamente. Riteniamo pertanto opportuno valutare la funzionalità miocardica almeno per alcuni giorni dopo il riscaldamento nei bambini affetti da encefalopatia moderato-severa sottoposti ad ipotermia. / Background. Perinatal asphyxia is commonly associated with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy and cardiovascular dysfunction. Therapeutic hypothermia has become standard treatment for moderate and severe neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy to reduce cerebral morbidity and mortality. The effect on the heart is incompletely explored. Aim. To assess myocardial performance of infants with perinatal asphyxia using traditional and DTI echocardiographycs technique; evaluation of early and long-term myocardial outcome. Study design. Fifteen infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy were enrolled in the study: seven infants with moderate-severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy cooled for 72 hours (group1); eight normothermic infants with mild hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (group2).
Biomarkers serum concentrations (CPK,TroponinT, PRO-BNP) were measured at 6, 12 , 24 h of life and on the seven day of life. ECG and echocardiographies (traditional and TDI mesaurements) were done in the first 6 h of life, at 36h, on day 7, at 12 month. In the cooled infants were done also on day 4, at 1, 6 and 18 month. Results. All sieric biomarkers were always higher in the group1 than group2. All functional myocardial indices (ventricular output, TAPSE, systolic velocity (Sm), early diastolic velocity (Em), late diastolic velocity (Am)) were lower for both ventricles in the first hours after hypoxic insult in the group1. Moreover we have also found that mitral E/Em ratio and Em/Am ratio were lower in the group 1 on day 7. Conclusion. The DTI technique appears more sensitive than traditional echocardiography to the subtle changes in cardiac performance that occur after perinatal asphyxia. In particular these value were lower for more time that conventional parameters. Moreover, in cooled infants with moderate-severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, it may be important examinated myocardial function at least for a few days after rewarming.

Diversi studi hanno dimostrato i reciproci rapporti di influenza tra respiro e variabili psicologiche ma scarsa attenzione è stata rivolta all’indagine delle funzioni espressive del suono del respiro. Studio 1 è stato finalizzato alla costruzione di un modello di analisi multi-livello per la descrizione acustica del respiro. Sono state effettuate audio e video registrazioni del respiro di 2 coppie di soggetti in performance individuali e congiunte. Sui 1903 respiri raccolti sono state condotte analisi video e audio che hanno portato alla costruzione di tre categorie di indici: respiratori, acustici e interattivi (relativi alla relazione tra i comportamenti respiratori di due partners in un’azione congiunta). Studio 2 ha investigato cosa poteva essere inferito dall’ascolto del suono respiro relativamente all’identità, allo stato emotivo e all’attività svolta da una persona. Inoltre, ha verificato se l’imitazione facilitasse l’identificazione rispetto al solo ascolto. Sono state raccolte registrazioni ecologiche del respiro di persone coinvolte in 6 attività e 4 emozioni. Un campione di 90 persone ha ascoltato le tracce e risposto ad un questionario relativo alle suddette variabili. Altre 90 persone prima di rispondere imitavano il respiro. Il campione ha efficacemente inferito informazioni relative alle variabili indagate, con risultati migliori nel task di imitazione. Studio 3 mirava a descrivere acusticamente 6 condizioni di respiro emotivo (rabbia, paura, tristezza, disgusto, tenerezza, gioia) e a investigare se “respirare insieme” influenzasse il processo di sintonizzazione. 20 coppie di donne hanno partecipato. Per ogni emozione, entro ogni coppia una partecipante leggeva una storia emotivamente connotata e respirava come se si trovasse in quella situazione. L’altra esprimeva la propria vicinanza respirando come lei. Al termine rispondevano a un questionario. I respiri sono stati audio registrati e analizzati. E’ stato possibile ricondurre ciascuna delle emozioni a un differente pattern respiratorio. Inoltre il task ha influenzato diverse dimensioni della sintonizzazione: la sincronizzazione, il decoding emotivo, l’esperienza emotiva e la percezione di somiglianza interpersonale. / Several psycho-physiological studies have provided evidences about the reciprocal influence between respiration and psychological variables but few attentions have been brought to the investigation of the expressive function of breathing sounds. Study 1 aims to build a multilayer analysis model that enable an acoustic description of breathing sounds. Audio and video recordings of breathing of two pairs of participants engaged in individual and joint performance were conducted. 1903 were video and audio analyzed and 3 sets of indexes were derived: respiratory, acoustic and interactive (aimed to relate partner’s respiratory behaviour during joint performances). Study 2 investigates what could be inferred about a person’s identity, emotional state and activity from the sound of his/her breathing. Moreover, it aims to verify whether imitation of breathing patterns improve the identification of those features. Ecological recordings of breathing sounds of people engaged in 6 activities and 4 emotions. 90 participants listen to the tracks and answer a questionnaire about such variables. Other 90 mimicked the tracks before answering. Participants were able to infer valuable information about the aspects under investigation with better results in the imitation task. Study 3 aims to describe the acoustic features of 6 emotional breathing patterns (anger, fear, sadness, disgust, tenderness and joy) and to see whether breathing together could strengthen the attunement process. 20 pairs of women participated. For each emotion, within the pair one participant read a story emotionally connoted and breathes as if she actually was in that situation. Her partner had to convey her closeness breathing in the same way. Finally they filled in a questionnaire. Different respiratory patterns were related to each emotion. Moreover the task influenced several attunement dimensions: synchronization, emotional decoding, emotional experience and perception of interpersonal similarity.

La direzione Risorse Umane, data la confermata centralità delle persone per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi di business, si trova a rispondere a istanze di creazione efficiente di valore, le quali hanno portato a intraprendere un percorso verso un modello organizzativo orientato alla business partnership, comune anche altre funzioni di staff. Ad oggi tuttavia nessuno studio indaga gli effetti relativi all’implementazione del modello emergente in chiave olistica. Il presente contributo vuole far fronte a queste carenze, indagando longitudinalmente sia l’efficienza sia l’efficacia della funzione così come percepite sia dagli stessi dipendenti HR sia da parte dei clienti interni. Ciò diviene particolarmente interessante nel momento in cui sempre più organizzazioni e funzioni aziendali si avvicinano al modello emergente. Applicando le più recenti indicazioni di progettazione di ricerca sul tema vengono pertanto analizzate in maniera longitudinale le unità HR di 42 paesi di un’azienda multinazionale di servizi finanziari, prima, durante e dopo l’implementazione del nuovo modello organizzativo. Dallo studio emerge che l’adozione della nuova struttura, permette di ridurre i costi e di aumentare le attività a valore aggiunto, ma allo stesso tempo fa affiorare alcune criticità sulle tematiche di sviluppo interno con particolare riferimento alla mobilità. Si evince tuttavia che questa non risulta essere associata all’implementazione della nuova struttura. Mediante l’utilizzo di diverse tecniche e applicando il modello ad una realtà concreta, sono esaminate le soluzioni adottate con l’obiettivo di contribuire a comprendere empiricamente come la Direzione HR possa implementare al meglio il nuovo modello, discutendo le implicazioni per la teoria e la pratica aziendale. / Given the emerging importance of people as a contributor to business success, HR function has reorganized itself to deliver more value in efficient way. the business partner model is not unique to HR as all staff functions are trying to find ways to deliver more value to either top-line growth and to bottom-line profitability. However, currently are missing studies that shows impact of the emerging blueprint in an holistic way. With a longitudinal study we analyse the efficiency and effectiveness of the new model on the wider organization and on HR people and this is particularly interesting in moment where several organisation and functions are focusing attention on this blueprint. Using the most recent suggestions on research design are analysed longitudinally HR unit of 42 countries of multinational financial services firm, before, during and after the HR transformation. Outcomes shows that new blueprint implementation is linked to cost reduction and increase the delivery of value, but some issues pop up in terms of perception of internal mobility, that actually is not linked to the implementation of the new model. Using a multi methodology, model is tested in order to understand impact of the new blueprint and its implication for theory and practitioners.

Bakgrunden till detta arbete var att företaget som kontaktades vill ta fram en ny modell av hästsportjacka. Arbetets syfte är att ta fram en modell som har form för funktionen. Vissa funktioner är mer viktiga än andra vid ridning, något som undersöks och presenteras i rapporten. Då många ryttare vistas utomhus blev det även viktigt att undersöka vikten av väderanpassade plagg. Ett grundmönster och en modell tas fram som även graderas. Modellen har två alternativa detaljer på ficka och sprund som lätt ska kunna bytas ut och användas istället för de som finns på slutprovet.Grunden och modellen konstrueras i Lectra´s programvara Modaris, som är ett mönsterkonstrukrionsprogram ämnat för konfektion. Ett antal provplagg sys upp och provas av, både på docka och provmodell som sedan analyseras för att sedan justeras. Alla specifikationer är gjorda i Microsoft excel, med bilder gjorda i Adobe Illustrator samt Lectra´s Kaledo Style. / Program: Designteknikerutbildningen

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.