Esta tese tem como objetivo compreender de que modo o gênero melodrama – nas suas atualizações através da (tele)novela, do bumba-meu-boi e das práticas sócio-comunicativas familiares - se constitui numa matriz cultural para a identidade de uma família de classe popular. Trabalha-se com três gerações de uma família maranhense buscando identificar os usos, consumo e recepção de tele (novela), assim como outras práticas midiáticas e sócio-comunicativas através do tempo. A observação inicial do campo conduziu à hipótese de que o melodrama constitui matriz privilegiada para o entendimento da(s) identidade(s) familiar (es) em razão do intenso trânsito e intercâmbio de valores existentes na (tele) novela e em diversas expressões da cultura popular. Assim, discutem-se aspectos históricos e conceituais do melodrama e suas conexões com a telenovela e o bumba-meu-boi; discorre-se sobre diversas matrizes culturais do melodrama articuladas à produção e disseminadas por esses dois formatos narrativos; refletese o conceito de identidade a partir de diferentes perspectivas. No que concerne à questão metodológica, delinea-se um referencial que contempla tanto a reflexão teórica quanto a pesquisa metódica, de modo a optar pelo método da história oral a partir da técnica história de família. Para tanto foram realizadas entrevistas do tipo semiestruturada e entrevista em profundidade além do questionário e de observações etnográficas. Entre os principais resultados destacam-se: a família possui um repertório simbólico compartilhado, que se reconhece e se percebe também nos discursos midiáticos - de modo especial naqueles de matriz melodramática, entretanto, dispõe de outros saberes e de outras referências culturais não midiáticas para pensar e construir suas percepções de mundo e constituírem-se continuamente, desde diferentes gerações e a partir de identidades familiares. Tais identidades se caracterizam, sobretudo pelo sentimento de pertencimento quer da própria linhagem, quer da cidade ou do bairro em que vivenciam sua sociabilidade; e também pela forte relação entre a fé e o lúdico vivenciados nos modos de expressarem sua religiosidade e festividades. A investigação corrobora que as diversas aplicações do estudo dessa família permitem levantar hipóteses sobre outros fenômenos similares. / This thesis aims at understanding in what way the melodrama genre – in its updates through (tele)novela, the folk theatrical tradition bumba-meu-boi and the familiar socio-communicative practices – constitutes itself in a cultural matrix to the identity of a popular class family. We work with three generations of a family from Maranhão seeking to identify the uses, consumption and reception on tele (novela), as well as other socio-communicative and media practices throughout time. The primary observation of the field lead to the hypothesis that melodrama constitutes privileged matrix to the understanding of family(ies) identity (ies) because of the intense traffic and exchange of values that exist in tele (novela) and in a diversity of popular culture expressions. Therefore, we discuss historical and conceptual aspects of melodrama and its connections with telenovela and bumba-meu-boi; we debate about the various cultural matrixes of melodrama articulated to the production and disseminated by these two narrative formats; we reflect upon the concept of identity from different perspectives. In regard of the methodological issue, we outline a framework that contemplates both the theoretical reflection and the methodical research, choosing the method of oral history based on the technique of family history. For that, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted, besides questionnaire and ethnographic observations. Among the main results, we point out: the family possesses a shared symbolic repertoire that recognizes and is aware of itself in media discourses – particularly in the ones of melodramatic matrix, however it has other knowledges and cultural references that don’t pertain to the media to reflect upon and build its perceptions of the world and continuously constitute itself, in different generations and based on family identities. Such identities are characterized, mainly, by the feeling of belonging to their own lineage, to a city or a neighborhood where they experience their sociability; and also by the strong relation between faith and ludic experienced in the ways their religiosity and festivities are expressed. The investigation corroborates that various applications of this family allows the bringing up of hypothesis concerning similar phenomena.

Esta tese tem como objetivo compreender de que modo o gênero melodrama – nas suas atualizações através da (tele)novela, do bumba-meu-boi e das práticas sócio-comunicativas familiares - se constitui numa matriz cultural para a identidade de uma família de classe popular. Trabalha-se com três gerações de uma família maranhense buscando identificar os usos, consumo e recepção de tele (novela), assim como outras práticas midiáticas e sócio-comunicativas através do tempo. A observação inicial do campo conduziu à hipótese de que o melodrama constitui matriz privilegiada para o entendimento da(s) identidade(s) familiar (es) em razão do intenso trânsito e intercâmbio de valores existentes na (tele) novela e em diversas expressões da cultura popular. Assim, discutem-se aspectos históricos e conceituais do melodrama e suas conexões com a telenovela e o bumba-meu-boi; discorre-se sobre diversas matrizes culturais do melodrama articuladas à produção e disseminadas por esses dois formatos narrativos; refletese o conceito de identidade a partir de diferentes perspectivas. No que concerne à questão metodológica, delinea-se um referencial que contempla tanto a reflexão teórica quanto a pesquisa metódica, de modo a optar pelo método da história oral a partir da técnica história de família. Para tanto foram realizadas entrevistas do tipo semiestruturada e entrevista em profundidade além do questionário e de observações etnográficas. Entre os principais resultados destacam-se: a família possui um repertório simbólico compartilhado, que se reconhece e se percebe também nos discursos midiáticos - de modo especial naqueles de matriz melodramática, entretanto, dispõe de outros saberes e de outras referências culturais não midiáticas para pensar e construir suas percepções de mundo e constituírem-se continuamente, desde diferentes gerações e a partir de identidades familiares. Tais identidades se caracterizam, sobretudo pelo sentimento de pertencimento quer da própria linhagem, quer da cidade ou do bairro em que vivenciam sua sociabilidade; e também pela forte relação entre a fé e o lúdico vivenciados nos modos de expressarem sua religiosidade e festividades. A investigação corrobora que as diversas aplicações do estudo dessa família permitem levantar hipóteses sobre outros fenômenos similares. / This thesis aims at understanding in what way the melodrama genre – in its updates through (tele)novela, the folk theatrical tradition bumba-meu-boi and the familiar socio-communicative practices – constitutes itself in a cultural matrix to the identity of a popular class family. We work with three generations of a family from Maranhão seeking to identify the uses, consumption and reception on tele (novela), as well as other socio-communicative and media practices throughout time. The primary observation of the field lead to the hypothesis that melodrama constitutes privileged matrix to the understanding of family(ies) identity (ies) because of the intense traffic and exchange of values that exist in tele (novela) and in a diversity of popular culture expressions. Therefore, we discuss historical and conceptual aspects of melodrama and its connections with telenovela and bumba-meu-boi; we debate about the various cultural matrixes of melodrama articulated to the production and disseminated by these two narrative formats; we reflect upon the concept of identity from different perspectives. In regard of the methodological issue, we outline a framework that contemplates both the theoretical reflection and the methodical research, choosing the method of oral history based on the technique of family history. For that, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted, besides questionnaire and ethnographic observations. Among the main results, we point out: the family possesses a shared symbolic repertoire that recognizes and is aware of itself in media discourses – particularly in the ones of melodramatic matrix, however it has other knowledges and cultural references that don’t pertain to the media to reflect upon and build its perceptions of the world and continuously constitute itself, in different generations and based on family identities. Such identities are characterized, mainly, by the feeling of belonging to their own lineage, to a city or a neighborhood where they experience their sociability; and also by the strong relation between faith and ludic experienced in the ways their religiosity and festivities are expressed. The investigation corroborates that various applications of this family allows the bringing up of hypothesis concerning similar phenomena.

Submitted by Eliana Barboza (eliana.silva1@mackenzie.br) on 2018-03-08T18:35:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Rosângela Donizete Canassa.pdf: 19435464 bytes, checksum: cb385e3376d9ebb5800c4d99fd280b72 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2018-04-04T11:43:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Rosângela Donizete Canassa.pdf: 19435464 bytes, checksum: cb385e3376d9ebb5800c4d99fd280b72 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-04T11:43:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Rosângela Donizete Canassa.pdf: 19435464 bytes, checksum: cb385e3376d9ebb5800c4d99fd280b72 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-30 / Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie / The present thesis "Women in the Pedro Almodóvar Caballero’s cinema and the reinvention of Hollywood melodrama" investigates the cinematographic work of the Spanish director and the reinvention of classic Hollywood melodrama as the called woman´s film of Douglas Sirk. The Spanish filmmaker provoked a reconfiguration of the cinematographic genre and with its insights shifts the social role of the woman from its conventional place in the cinema. The research also allows to establish the debate in the field of Psychoanalysis with the formulations of Sigmund Freud, Georges Bataille, Judith Butler, E. Ann Kaplan and Laura Mulvey around the melodramatic personages and their internal conflicts. The melodrama is renewed from its ironic forms and the appropriation of intertextuality, of the dialogue with the own cinema, works of art, literature, music and dance incorporating them to its narratives and imprinting its authorial mark. / A presente tese “As mulheres no cinema de Pedro Almodóvar Caballero e a reinvenção do melodrama hollywoodiano” investiga a obra cinematográfica do diretor espanhol e a reinvenção do melodrama clássico hollywoodiano como os filmes de mulher de Douglas Sirk. O cineasta espanhol provocou uma reconfiguração do gênero cinematográfico e com seus insights desloca o papel social da mulher do seu lugar convencional no cinema. A pesquisa permite também estabelecer o debate no campo da Psicanálise com as formulações de Sigmund Freud, Georges Bataille, Judith Butler, E. Ann Kaplan e Laura Mulvey em torno dos personagens melodramáticos e seus conflitos internos. Renova-se o melodrama a partir de suas formas irônicas e a apropriação da intertextualidade, do diálogo com o próprio cinema, as obras de arte, a literatura, a música e a dança incorporando-as às suas narrativas e imprimindo a sua marca autoral.

Arnold Schoenberg's atonal monodrama, Erwartune. Op. 17 (1909). has been viewed as an unanalyzable athematic aberration, without any discernible form. Recognizing Erwartune's forward-looking aspect, this dissertation also explores the melodrama and the Lied, a connection with the past which forges a new understanding of its form and structure.

Au début des années quatre-vingt, trois films de Fassbinder initient un mouvement de réappropriation artistique et critique d’une forme de récit restée très proche de ses origines, théâtrales comme littéraires : le mélodrame. La trilogie allemande de Fassbinder assume la capacité du mélodrame à raconter à la fois l’histoire d’une femme et celle d’un peuple, opérant une réconciliation entre cinéma de genre et cinéma d’auteur. Une dimension nouvelle apparaît cependant : la relation conscientisée du mélodrame à l’histoire, et sa capacité à faire du dialogue avec le cinéma qui les ont précédés un des motifs principaux des films contemporains. Cette démarche détermine le cinéma de Pedro Almodóvar ou d’Aki Kaurismäki, celui de Gus van Sant, de Lars von Trier ou Robert Guédiguian. Dans le sillage des travaux de Jean-Loup Bourget et de Peter Brooks, ce travail interroge la persistance du mélodrame dans le cinéma contemporain. Une telle pérennité tient à la rémanence du peuple comme point d’origine, objet et destinataire de la fiction. Aujourd’hui encore l’interrogation sur le peuple, sa définition, sa persistance, voire sa dissémination vient travailler le mélodrame des années récentes. Afin de résoudre cette aporie, le cinéma,comme le note Stanley Cavell, met en avant la dimension performative du mélodrame. Sa fonction est alors de faire advenir un peuple qu’il se donne pour mission d’éduquer, de Pixérécourt à Griffith, de Mattarazzo à Clint Eastwood. Les travaux consacrés par Jacques Rancière à la manière dont le peuple a pu, au fil de l’histoire, devenir acteur de son éducation fournissent un modèle intéressant pour penser la dimension éducative du mélodrame aujourd’hui. / By examining, according to the works of Jean-Loup Bourget and Peter Brooks, the characteristics of the genre, this essay tries to determine the peculiarities of the melodrama in the contemporary cinema. At the beginning of the eighties, the " German trilogy " of Fassbinder introduces a movement of artistic and critical reappropriation of the original pattern. This moment can be considered as the first step of contemporary melodrama. Here Fassbinder tells concurrently the story of a woman and that of a people. A new dimension however : today’s melodrama is deleberately involved whith the history of cinema, and includes a permanent dialogue with former films.This approach influences Pedro Almodóvar's cinema as that of Aki Kaurismäki, that of Gusvan Sant as that of Lars von Trier or Robert Guédiguian. What remains, however, is the people as subject and receiver of the fiction. If the notion of people, since the French Revolution, is abundantly questioned by 19th century melodrama, recent melodramas seem still puzzled by it’s coherence, and even by it’s existence. Michelet’s work on the matter is a great healp to understand how cinema can still evoke people today. Cinema, as notices Stanley Cavell, strikes the performative dimension of the melodrama and shows melodrama’s character as a searcher of knowledge. Since the origins, from Pixérécourt to Griffith, Mattarazzo and Clint Eastwood, melodrama’s assumed a particular mission, which is to educate people. The studies dedicated by Jacques Rancière tothe way the people have been able, during history, to become his own master, supply

Jules Massenet's mélodies feature a distinct vocal treatment regarding musical prosody through his eight song cycles, including Poëme d'Avril, Poëme Pastoral, Poëme du Souvenir, Poëme d'Amour, Poëme d'Hiver, Poëme d'un Soir, and Quelques Chansons Mauves, and a collection, Expressions Lyriques. These mélodies show the influence of the trend of salon music and the high-level poetry from the poetic movements of romanticism, Parnassianism, and symbolism. This study deals with Massenet's mélodies relating to the prosody idea, which is conspicuous in his vocal treatment. His melodic styles feature four distinct aspects of vocal treatment including lyrical, recitative or parlando, melodramatic, and déclamation rhythmée, and represent the idea of musical prosody of phonetic, syntactic, and semantic aspects. Massenet's other musical idioms such as harmony, form, and piano treatment, are also closely related to the prosody matter as a semantic aspect, reinforcing the poetic mood and content. In this study, each melodic style related to French versification is examined in detail. The musical analysis regarding the other musical idioms on selected examples presents the semantic feature of prosody idea. The brief review of French versification and opinions regarding the performance are included. Massenet's contribution to the genre of mélodie, with the prose melody and treatment of piano as an equal partner of voice line, is clearly demonstrated. With this contribution, Massenet should be recognized as the most influential composer to the climatic time of French mélodie led by Fauré, and Debussy, and Duparc.

Men's tears are considered rare, and women's tears are considered profusive. Thus, we tend to think of tearjerkers and melodrama as the province of weepy women viewers. However, if we look back at the last several decades of Hollywood filmmaking, melodramas focused on men--or "male weepies"--have been a steady staple of American cinema. This dissertation explores cycles of male melodramas since 1969, placing them in their socio-historical contexts and examining the ways that they participate in public discourses about men, masculinity, and gender roles. Melodrama's focus on victims, bids for virtue, and idealizations of not how things are, but how they should be, have made it a fitting and flexible mode for responding to the changing social landscape of America since the rights movements of the 1960s. Specifically, these films consider both the ways that white capitalist patriarchy has circumscribed the public and private lives of men and the ways that advancements of women and racial minorities are impacting (white) men's lives. This study analyzes the rhetorical effects of these films through both textual evidence and popular reception. Chapters are organized by chronology and subgenre, discussing buddy films of the late 1960s and early 1970s (Midnight Cowboy, The Last Detail, and Scarecrow), paternal melodramas of the late 1970s and early 1980s (The Great Santini, Kramer vs. Kramer, and Table for Five), films of sensitive men in the early 1990s (The Prince of Tides, Regarding Henry, and Philadelphia), and black male weepies from the 1990s and 2000s (Boyz in the Hood, Antwone Fisher, John Q, and The Pursuit of Happyness). The epilogue also considers the developing genre of the bromance, a hybrid of melodrama and comedy. By classifying and analyzing these films as male melodramas, this dissertation challenges both the popular denigrating view that tearjerkers are "chick flicks," and the continued gender bifurcation within film studies' work on melodrama as a narrative mode, which tends to treat weepies as a female form of melodrama and action films as a male form of melodrama. While individual subgenres have received some critical attention, this dissertation is one of the first works to look at male weepies collectively. Putting the spotlight on male weepies reveals Hollywood's interest in gender and the emotional lives of men, though the films display a mix of progressive and conservative strains, often common in Hollywood filmmaking. Specifically, these weepies tend to question and often even reject traditional masculine ideals, and thus exhibit some forms of gender "liberation"; at the same time that they show men suffering under patriarchy and even the pressure to be powerful, these films also shore that power up for men by never forfeiting it. As such, these films reveal the dangers of Hollywood "doing" gender critique: however inadvertently, they contain feminist, anti-racist, and anti-homophobic challenges and re-inscribe the various privileges of characters (in terms of gender, race, sexuality, and often class). However, the films also dramatize the ability of people to change and to empathize with others, and often invite the viewer to do so, even across gender and racial lines. In this way, male melodramas reveal a complex response to social changes; they are marked by an interest in men changing and a more equitable society, even as fully giving up privilege seems difficult. / English

Considerando a relação História-Cinema, a presente dissertação é uma reflexão sobre a produção cinematográfica anarquista da CNT durante a Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939), a partir da análise de três de seus principais filmes de ficção: Carne de Fieras (1936/1992), Barrios Bajos (1937) e Aurora de Esperanza (1937). Eles foram construídos numa estrutura de narrativa clássica e melodramática e, dotados de temáticas diversas, como o adultério, a prostituição assediada por gangsteres e o drama do desemprego, representam uma iniciativa ímpar na construção de um cinema social, sob o comando de uma poderosa organização anarquista e durante o processo revolucionário. Neste sentido, consideramos também os meandros do desenvolvimento do anarquismo e do cinema espanhóis, cujas singularidades imprimiram uma dinâmica específica àqueles filmes. / Considering the relation between History and Cinema, this present dissertation will ponder on the anarchist cinematographic production of CNT during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) through the analysis of three of its most important fiction works: Carne de Fieras (1936/1992), Barrios Bajos (1937) and Aurora de Esperanza (1937). They were structured in a classic and melodramatic narrative and, dealing with several themes, as adultery, gangster-linked prostitution and the misfortune of unemployment, they represent a unique initiative in the construction of a social cinema, under the command of a powerful anarchist organization during the revolutionary process. In this sense, well consider the specifics in the development of Spanish anarchism and cinema, for their singular features have given a specific dynamic to those movies.

Este trabalho tem por finalidade apontar determinados aspectos que nortearam algumas das principais especulações realizadas no campo da nova vocalidade na música escrita no despontar do século XX. A prática da voz inserida no mundo moderno se desenvolve com as bruscas mudanças que alteram os parâmetros da produção musical e da compreensão dos elementos de musicalidade que surgem nas primeiras décadas do século passado. Sucintamente, aborda o espectro de percepções estéticas e cognitivas que um ouvinte carrega em seu intelecto e o ambiente histórico de uma obra que são fundamentos para a contemplação, reflexão e que permitem entender a voz. Essa prática que se foi acrescendo paulatinamente de \"novos\" recursos tomados \"emprestados\" da prática da emissão vocal na fala e no canto cotidiano traz nova oralidade e vocalidade, fazendo surgir uma \"nova\" sonoridade que futuramente se intensificará em múltiplas tendências, principalmente a partir do final dos anos 50 e início dos 60 do século XX. O seu florescimento estende-se até os dias atuais teve como ponto de partida muitas das reflexões e pesquisas que a Segunda Escola de Viena trouxe para a música. Para embasar este estudo foi levantado um conjunto de obras vocais de Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg e Edward Steuermann, que tem como ferramenta de análise a Teoria dos Conjuntos de Joseph Straus. / This paper aims at pointing out specific aspects that guided some of the main theories made in the field of new vocality in writing music that happened in the beginning of the 20th century. At that period the practice of speech inserted in the modern world was also developed by the sudden changes that altered the parameters of music production and the understanding of the elements of musicality. Shortly, this paper also discusses the spectrum of aesthetic and cognitive perceptions that a listener carries in his/her intellect and the historic setting which are grounds for contemplation and reflection for they allow the listener to understand the voice, and even extend the appreciation and understanding of the sound. Such practice gradually added to itself new features taken from vocal speech and everyday singing bringing new orality and voicing. This activity generated a \"new\" sound that would appear in multiple trends, mainly in the late 50s and early 60s of the 20th century. It is there up to the present days and it had as a starting point reflections and researches that the Second Viennese School brought to the music. To support this study a number of vocal works of Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg and Edward Steuermann, were taken into consideration, which use Joseph Straus\' Theory of Groups as tool for analysis

Este trabalho tem por finalidade apontar determinados aspectos que nortearam algumas das principais especulações realizadas no campo da nova vocalidade na música escrita no despontar do século XX. A prática da voz inserida no mundo moderno se desenvolve com as bruscas mudanças que alteram os parâmetros da produção musical e da compreensão dos elementos de musicalidade que surgem nas primeiras décadas do século passado. Sucintamente, aborda o espectro de percepções estéticas e cognitivas que um ouvinte carrega em seu intelecto e o ambiente histórico de uma obra que são fundamentos para a contemplação, reflexão e que permitem entender a voz. Essa prática que se foi acrescendo paulatinamente de \"novos\" recursos tomados \"emprestados\" da prática da emissão vocal na fala e no canto cotidiano traz nova oralidade e vocalidade, fazendo surgir uma \"nova\" sonoridade que futuramente se intensificará em múltiplas tendências, principalmente a partir do final dos anos 50 e início dos 60 do século XX. O seu florescimento estende-se até os dias atuais teve como ponto de partida muitas das reflexões e pesquisas que a Segunda Escola de Viena trouxe para a música. Para embasar este estudo foi levantado um conjunto de obras vocais de Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg e Edward Steuermann, que tem como ferramenta de análise a Teoria dos Conjuntos de Joseph Straus. / This paper aims at pointing out specific aspects that guided some of the main theories made in the field of new vocality in writing music that happened in the beginning of the 20th century. At that period the practice of speech inserted in the modern world was also developed by the sudden changes that altered the parameters of music production and the understanding of the elements of musicality. Shortly, this paper also discusses the spectrum of aesthetic and cognitive perceptions that a listener carries in his/her intellect and the historic setting which are grounds for contemplation and reflection for they allow the listener to understand the voice, and even extend the appreciation and understanding of the sound. Such practice gradually added to itself new features taken from vocal speech and everyday singing bringing new orality and voicing. This activity generated a \"new\" sound that would appear in multiple trends, mainly in the late 50s and early 60s of the 20th century. It is there up to the present days and it had as a starting point reflections and researches that the Second Viennese School brought to the music. To support this study a number of vocal works of Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg and Edward Steuermann, were taken into consideration, which use Joseph Straus\' Theory of Groups as tool for analysis