Call number: LD2668 .T4 1955 M34 / Master of Science

In 1968, a 54,000 acre coal mine commenced operations on Black Mesa, Arizona, an arid and semi-arid region inhabited by the Hopi Tribe and Dine Nation. The coal mine fuels the power plant that generates electricity for the Central Arizona Project, which pumps renewable Colorado River water to Phoenix and Tucson. Water for mine-operations is pumped from a non-renewable groundwater aquifer upon which the Hopi and Dine depend. After forty years of development, conflict characterizes industrial groundwater exploitation on Black Mesa; there continues to be little understanding of the relationship between industrial withdrawals and its impacts upon hydrological and social-ecological systems of the region.Large-scale natural resource development is predicated upon deterministic studies required to disclose all potentially adverse impacts. This study performs a postaudit of groundwater model predictions used to determine the significance of these impacts. It demonstrates that drawdown caused by the mine was underestimated; drawdown caused by communities was overestimated; the models failed to capture the linear relationship between water level decline and spring discharge; and water levels predicted to recover by 2007 continue to decline in 2010.The Regulatory Authority developed four criteria for determining if damage to the aquifer had occurred in response to mining; over time, two damage thresholds were crossed and two had never been evaluated. A new model was implemented for regulatory purposes; simulations showed that a distant spring 60 miles from the mine is unaffected by the mine's withdrawals. The postaudit demonstrates how declining discharge from this spring has a strong relationship with industrial withdrawals (r = -0.84; R2 = 0.71; p < 0.0001); local pumping and precipitation have no statistically significant relationship with discharge from this spring.In 2008, the Regulatory Authority revised the four threshold criteria; all negative trends were removed from regulatory purview (including spring discharge) and remaining criteria assumed insurmountable damage thresholds; their condition will be determined by model simulations rather than actual observations.The Black Mesa case study reinforces the argument that the legislatively required process for predetermining environmental impacts is an elaborate ritual in which a manifestly political decision is disguised as unbiased scientific fact.

As part of education and career focus was instructed our knowledge of information technology, administrative management to carry out and implement and achieve the objectives, scope, and ensure the best service to our working place. Then the report describes the experience of the work performed for 11 months in the implementation and stabilization of the draft HelpDesk - UPC, as part of the team and supervisor assigned to this project by the company CosapiData. The project had 2 phases, the implementation of HelpDesk in the respective headquarters and the stabilization of the service, as part of the role of supervisor was always in contact with the client (UPC) and the management of outsourcing to service improvements. The purpose of the document is presented based on work experience, the development employee in stabilizing the HelpDesk service in the UPC, using knowledge and best practices learned in the university experience, previous work experience and ongoing support of the team my collection by getting a better service to end users HelpDesk UPC. HelpDesk service at the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences (UPC), UPC customer did not provide an optimal care, resulting in dissatisfaction and a perception of poor service, a result which did not provide methodologies for best practices as the previous supplier HelpDesk . / Como parte de la enseñanza y enfoque de nuestra carrera profesional se instruyó el conocimiento de Tecnologías de Información, gestión administrativa para desempeñar y poner en práctica, así cumplir los objetivos, alcance y asegurar la optimización del servicio en nuestro puesto laboral. A continuación en el informe, se describe la experiencia laboral del trabajo desempeñado por 11 meses en la implementación y estabilización del proyecto de HelpDesk – UPC, como parte del equipo y supervisor asignado a este proyecto por la empresa CosapiData. El proyecto tuvo 2 fases, la implementación de HelpDesk en las respectivas sedes y la estabilización del servicio; como parte de la función del supervisor estuve siempre en contacto con el cliente (UPC) y la gerencia del Outsourcing para mejoras del servicio. La finalidad del documento es presentar en base a la experiencia laboral, el desarrollo empleado en la estabilización del servicio de HelpDesk en la UPC, aplicando los conocimientos y mejoras prácticas de lo aprendido en la trayectoria Universitaria, anteriores experiencias laborales y apoyo constante del equipo humano a mi cargo logrando una mejor percepción del servicio de HelpDesk a los usuarios finales de UPC. El servicio de HelpDesk en la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), no brindaba al cliente UPC, una atención optima, originando insatisfacción y una percepción de un mal servicio, a consecuencia que no contemplaban mejores prácticas según metodologías de HelpDesk por el anterior proveedor.

A iodação do sal de mesa é considerada o caminho mais eficiente para controlar os Distúrbios por Deficiência de Iodo. Em países tropicais, o elemento pode ser adicionado na forma de KIO3. Para garantir que os níveis ideais do ânion estejam disponíveis ao consumidor, o controle de qualidade do sal consiste numa estratégia fundamental. Sistemas em fluxo com multicomutação representam uma alternativa versátil para o desenvolvimento de procedimentos simples, rápidos e limpos, minimizando o consumo de reagentes e a geração de resíduos. Nesse contexto, um procedimento analítico utilizando sistema com multicomutação e detecção espectrofotométrica foi desenvolvido para a determinação de iodato em sal de mesa. A reação empregada foi baseada na formação de um composto roxo (540 nm) entre iodato (IO3-) e p-aminofenol (PAP) em meio ácido. O tempo de residência da zona de amostra no percurso analítico foi explorado a fim de favorecer a reação lenta e a frequência de amostragem para a melhoria do desempenho analítico. Foram selecionados 2 pulsos para inserção de amostra, 3 pulsos para reagente (PAP 0,25% (m/v) em HCl 0,025 mol L-1), 7 ciclos de amostragem, 200 pulsos de carregador (água), bolha de ar de 1 s (40 µL), reator de 70 cm (3 mm d.i.) e parada de fluxo de 480 s. Resposta linear foi observada entre 2,28x10-5 e 3,65x10-4 mol L-1, descrita pela equação A = 0,2443 + 2030 C, r = 0,997. Limite de detecção (99,7% de confiança), coeficiente de variação (n = 20) e frequência de amostragem foram estimados em 8,2x10-6 mol L-1, 0,42% e 70 determinações por hora, respectivamente. Houve consumo de 1,05 mg de PAP e geração de 0,70 mL de resíduos por determinação. As principais espécies concomitantes presentes na amostra não interferiram na determinação de iodato em concentrações até 8 vezes maiores que as usualmente encontradas. Estudos de adição e recuperação de iodato foram realizados pelo procedimento proposto, obtendo porcentagens de recuperação entre 88 e 104%. O procedimento analítico desenvolvido apresenta sensibilidade adequada para a determinação de iodato em amostra de sal de mesa e elevada frequência de amostragem quando comparado com procedimentos descritos na literatura / Table salt iodization is considered the most efficient way to control iodine-deficiency disorders. In tropical countries, the element can be added as KIO3. To ensure that ideal amounts of this anion are available to consumers, the quality control of iodized salt is fundamental strategy. Multicommuted flow systems represent a versatile alternative to the development of simple, fast and clean procedure, minimizing reagent consumption and waste generation. In this context, an analytical procedure using a multicommuted system and spectrophotometric detection was developed for determination of iodate in table salts. The chemical reaction was based on the formation of purple compound (540 nm) between iodate (IO3-) and p-aminophenol (PAP) in acidic medium. The sample residence time in the analytical path was explored in order to further the slow chemical reaction and the sampling rate for the improvement of the system analytical performance. Optimized conditions were 2 sample pulses, 3 reagent pulses (PAP 0.25% (w/v) in HCl 0.025 mol L-1) in 7 sampling cycles, 200 carrier pulses (water), 1 s air bubble (40 µL), a 70-cm long reactor coil (3 mm i.d.) and the flow was stopped for 480 s. A linear response was observed between 2.28x10-5 and 3.65x10-4 mol L-1 iodate, described by the equation A = 0.2443 + 2030 C, r = 0.997. Detection limit (99.7% confidence level), coefficient of variation (n = 20) and sampling rate were 8.2x10-6 mol L-1, 0.42% and 70 determination per hour, respectively. Only 1.05 mg of PAP was consumed and 0.70 mL of waste was generated per determination. Usual concomitant species found in table salts did not cause significant interference in concentrations up to 8-fold higher than those expected. Recoveries between 88 and 104% were obtained for iodate spiked samples. The developed analytical procedure presented adequate sensitivity for the determination of iodate in table salts sample and higher sampling rate compared to literature procedures

A iodação do sal de mesa é considerada o caminho mais eficiente para controlar os Distúrbios por Deficiência de Iodo. Em países tropicais, o elemento pode ser adicionado na forma de KIO3. Para garantir que os níveis ideais do ânion estejam disponíveis ao consumidor, o controle de qualidade do sal consiste numa estratégia fundamental. Sistemas em fluxo com multicomutação representam uma alternativa versátil para o desenvolvimento de procedimentos simples, rápidos e limpos, minimizando o consumo de reagentes e a geração de resíduos. Nesse contexto, um procedimento analítico utilizando sistema com multicomutação e detecção espectrofotométrica foi desenvolvido para a determinação de iodato em sal de mesa. A reação empregada foi baseada na formação de um composto roxo (540 nm) entre iodato (IO3-) e p-aminofenol (PAP) em meio ácido. O tempo de residência da zona de amostra no percurso analítico foi explorado a fim de favorecer a reação lenta e a frequência de amostragem para a melhoria do desempenho analítico. Foram selecionados 2 pulsos para inserção de amostra, 3 pulsos para reagente (PAP 0,25% (m/v) em HCl 0,025 mol L-1), 7 ciclos de amostragem, 200 pulsos de carregador (água), bolha de ar de 1 s (40 µL), reator de 70 cm (3 mm d.i.) e parada de fluxo de 480 s. Resposta linear foi observada entre 2,28x10-5 e 3,65x10-4 mol L-1, descrita pela equação A = 0,2443 + 2030 C, r = 0,997. Limite de detecção (99,7% de confiança), coeficiente de variação (n = 20) e frequência de amostragem foram estimados em 8,2x10-6 mol L-1, 0,42% e 70 determinações por hora, respectivamente. Houve consumo de 1,05 mg de PAP e geração de 0,70 mL de resíduos por determinação. As principais espécies concomitantes presentes na amostra não interferiram na determinação de iodato em concentrações até 8 vezes maiores que as usualmente encontradas. Estudos de adição e recuperação de iodato foram realizados pelo procedimento proposto, obtendo porcentagens de recuperação entre 88 e 104%. O procedimento analítico desenvolvido apresenta sensibilidade adequada para a determinação de iodato em amostra de sal de mesa e elevada frequência de amostragem quando comparado com procedimentos descritos na literatura / Table salt iodization is considered the most efficient way to control iodine-deficiency disorders. In tropical countries, the element can be added as KIO3. To ensure that ideal amounts of this anion are available to consumers, the quality control of iodized salt is fundamental strategy. Multicommuted flow systems represent a versatile alternative to the development of simple, fast and clean procedure, minimizing reagent consumption and waste generation. In this context, an analytical procedure using a multicommuted system and spectrophotometric detection was developed for determination of iodate in table salts. The chemical reaction was based on the formation of purple compound (540 nm) between iodate (IO3-) and p-aminophenol (PAP) in acidic medium. The sample residence time in the analytical path was explored in order to further the slow chemical reaction and the sampling rate for the improvement of the system analytical performance. Optimized conditions were 2 sample pulses, 3 reagent pulses (PAP 0.25% (w/v) in HCl 0.025 mol L-1) in 7 sampling cycles, 200 carrier pulses (water), 1 s air bubble (40 µL), a 70-cm long reactor coil (3 mm i.d.) and the flow was stopped for 480 s. A linear response was observed between 2.28x10-5 and 3.65x10-4 mol L-1 iodate, described by the equation A = 0.2443 + 2030 C, r = 0.997. Detection limit (99.7% confidence level), coefficient of variation (n = 20) and sampling rate were 8.2x10-6 mol L-1, 0.42% and 70 determination per hour, respectively. Only 1.05 mg of PAP was consumed and 0.70 mL of waste was generated per determination. Usual concomitant species found in table salts did not cause significant interference in concentrations up to 8-fold higher than those expected. Recoveries between 88 and 104% were obtained for iodate spiked samples. The developed analytical procedure presented adequate sensitivity for the determination of iodate in table salts sample and higher sampling rate compared to literature procedures

Tesis para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo y al Grado de Magister en Ciencias Agropecuarias Mención Producción Frutícola / Debido a la falta de trabajadores calificados para el desarrollo de las labores agrícolas, la baja productividad y el alto costo que representan para los productores, se realizaron dos estudios para evaluar el incremento productivo y eficiencia de la mano de obra en parronales. El primer estudio evaluó la calidad de las instrucciones de la labor de poda en la variedad Superior, en 5 predios en la comuna Alto de Carmen, Región de Atacama. El segundo estudio evaluó la realización de un ajuste de carga dirigido con tres ensayos en las variedades Thompson Seedless, Red Globe y Flame Seedless. La primera variedad ubicada en la Comuna de Doñihue, Región O‟Higgins, y las dos últimas variedades ubicadas en la Comuna del Alto del Carmen, Región de Atacama.

El presente trabajo se propone describir desde la perspectiva comunicacional, las prácticas sociales de la Comunidad Aborigen de Yavi Chico en el marco de la mesa de gestión instituida a través del Plan Ahí, por el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social de la Nación. Sin dudas que el espacio instituido es un espacio de transformación, por cuanto su propósito se dirige a inaugurar nuevos lugares de diálogo y construcción de sentidos en forma multiactoral y multisectorial, situación ésta que importa incorporar nuevas voces a la definición de la vida en común. El ejercicio de esta ciudadanía integral importa en los hechos hacer visibles las distintas subjetividades presentes en el territorio y las estrategias que los actores sociales despliegan a través de sus prácticas. Así, las diferentes posiciones descubren pautas culturales que implican representaciones, percepciones y visiones diferentes de una misma realidad. Además de los antecedentes expresados en el párrafo anterior, resulta relevante porque importa la construcción de nuevos umbrales de ciudadanía, esto es, la participación de los sujetos en los asuntos que resultan de interés general, como la organización de la vida en comunidad, en pos de mejorar sus condiciones materiales de existencia, el desarrollo de proyectos de vida del conjunto y de cada uno de sus miembros. Pero resulta además relevante porque las prácticas analizadas desbordan lo instituido para emerger instituyendo nuevos espacios de transformación, a través de la respuesta cultural que da sentido a la dialéctica entre producción/reproducción o de otro modo resistencia/dominación El problema aparece centrado en que la colonización de las perspectivas cognitivas, de los modos de producir y otorgar sentido a los resultados de la experiencia material o intersubjetiva, del imaginario, del universo de relaciones intersubjetivas del mundo, de la cultura en suma, debe ser objeto de deconstrucción en forma previa a cualquier discusión sobre desarrollo local. Para ese fin, la propuesta se dirige al diseño de un diagnóstico dinámico desde la comunicación, estableciendo cuatro variables estratégicas como parte de una primera etapa de planificación prospectiva, que se espera pueda ser concluida en futuros estudios. / The present work attempts to describe from the communication perspective, the social practices of the Aboriginal community of Yavi Chico in the framework of the Bureau of Management instituted through the “Plan Ahí”, by the Ministry of Social Development of the Nation. Without any doubt that the space is set up a space of transformation, as their purpose is directed to inaugurate new places for dialog and construction of senses in the form multi stakeholder process and multisectoral, situation is that matter incorporate new voices to the definition of the common life. The exercise of this integral citizenship matters in the facts to make visible the different subjectivities present in the territory and the strategies that the social actors deployed through their practices. Thus, the different positions discovered cultural patterns that involve representations, perceptions, and different visions of the same reality. In addition to the history expressed in the previous paragraph, it is relevant because it mattered the construction of new thresholds of citizenship, that is, the participation of the subjects in the matters that are of general interest, such as the organization of life in community, to improve their material conditions of existence, the development of projects of life of the whole and in each one of its members. But it is also relevant because the practices analyzed overflow what is instituted to emerge by instituting new spaces of transformation, through the cultural response that gives meaning to the dialectic between production/reproduction or otherwise resistance/domination The problem is centered in that the colonization of the cognitive perspective, of the ways to produce and give meaning to the results of the material or subjective experience, the imaginary, the universe of intersubjective relations of the world, of the culture in sum, it must be subject to deconstruction in prior to any discussion on local development. To that end, the proposal is directed to the design of a diagnostic from the dynamic communication, setting up four strategic variables as part of a first stage of forward planning, are expected to be completed in future studies.

Thesis (M. Div.)--Emmanuel School of Religion, Johnson City, Tennessee, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-32).

Thesis (M. Div.)--Emmanuel School of Religion, Johnson City, Tennessee, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-32).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Colorado. / Bibliography: p. 132-153.