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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Análise metabolômica não-direcionada de pimentas (Capsicum spp.) por CG-EM / Untargeted metabolomic analysis of peppers (Capsicum spp.) by GC-MS

Aranha, Bianca Camargo 07 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-10-06T17:52:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertac_a_o final - Bianca Camargo Aranha -.pdf: 1387529 bytes, checksum: a4bb85a254c845fe10ce2dccb010c2ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-10-11T20:42:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertac_a_o final - Bianca Camargo Aranha -.pdf: 1387529 bytes, checksum: a4bb85a254c845fe10ce2dccb010c2ec (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T20:42:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertac_a_o final - Bianca Camargo Aranha -.pdf: 1387529 bytes, checksum: a4bb85a254c845fe10ce2dccb010c2ec (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / O gênero Capsicum pertence à família Solanaceae e compreende mais de 30 espécies, seus frutos são popularmente conhecidos como pimenta e já eram utilizados por povos nativos como temperos, conservantes alimentícios e em medicamentos. Com a finalidade de estudar e conservar a biodiversidade das espécies de Capsicum, a Embrapa Clima Temperado (Pelotas, RS) mantém um Banco Ativo de Germoplasma (BAG), o qual necessita de caracterizações agronômica, morfológica, genética, metabólica e de potencial tecnológico, possibilitando assim o conhecimento de seus indivíduos, auxiliando na seleção para diferentes aplicações. O conhecimento do total de compostos presentes nas pimentas pode ser obtido através da estratégia de análise metabolômica. Assim, objetivou-se caracterizar o perfil metabólico de 61 acessos de pimentas do BAG de Capsicum da Embrapa Clima Temperado das espécies C. baccatum, C. annuum, C. chinense e C. frutescens por Cromatografia Gasosa e Espectrometria de Massas em dois extratos (fração polar A e B). Foi observada grande diversidade de compostos como aminoácidos, açúcares simples, ácidos orgânicos, capsaicinoides, esteróis e ésteres. Os teores de aminoácidos variaram entre 3,7 e 13,4mg.g -¹ de massa seca (ms) sendo que a L-asparagina predominou em 75% dos acessos. Os teores de açúcares totais variaram entre 45,0 e 189,8mg.g -¹ ms, sendo o mais abundante a frutose, representando em média 59%. Na maioria dos acessos avaliados houve predominância do ácido cítrico em concentrações de até 11,3mg.g -¹ ms. O total de ácidos orgânicos foi quantificado entre 2,4 e 15,2mg.g -¹ ms. A capsaicina representou 59% do total de capsaicinoides avaliados enquanto a dihidrocapsaicina representou 30%. Não foram identificados capsaicinoides para os acessos P27 e P179 (C. baccatum), P135 (C. chinense) e P46 (C. annuum). Hidrocarbonetos e ésteres apresentaram teores entre 0,2–14,6mg.g -¹ ms e 0,5–57,9mg.g -¹ ms, respectivamente. A análise de componentes principais (PCA) da fração polar A, não evidenciou a formação de clusters por espécies. Separaram-se do grupo (outliers) os acessos P116 (C. chinense), P46 e P76 (C. annuum), principalmente em função da maior concentração de sacarose e frutose presentes nestes acessos. A PCA da fração polar B, indicou separação dos acessos P221 (C. annuum) e P200 (C. chinense), em função do elevado teor de dihidrocapsaicina nestes acessos. A caracterização do perfil metabólico por CG-EM permitiu a identificação e quantificação simultânea de 90 compostos. Estes resultados ampliam e complementam a base de dados metabólica do BAG de Capsicum spp.. / The genus Capsicum belongs to the Solanaceae family and comprises more than 30 species, their fruits are popularly known as pepper and were used by native people as spices, food preservatives, and medicines. With the purpose of studying and conserving the biodiversity of species of Capsicum, Embrapa Clima Temperado (Pelotas, RS) maintains an Active Germplasm Bank (AGB), which requires agronomic, morphological, genetic, metabolic, and technological potential characterizations, thus enabling the knowledge of the individuals, supporting the selection for different applications. The knowledge of the total of compounds present in peppers can be obtained by metabolomic analysis strategy. Therefore the objective was to characterize the metabolic profile of 61 accessions of peppers from Embrapa Clima temperado Capsicum AGB including C. baccatum, C. annuum, C. chinense, and C. frutescens by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry in two extracts (polar fraction A and B). It was observed wide variety of compounds such as amino acids, simple sugars, organic acids, capsaicinoids, steroids, and esters. The amino acid content varied between 3.7 and 13.4mg g -¹ dry weight (dw) and Lasparagine predominated in 75% of the accessions. Total sugar content ranged between 45.0 and 189.8mg g -¹ dw, the most abundant was fructose representing on average 59%. In most accessions citric acid predominated reaching concentrations of up to 11.3mg g -¹ dw. Total organic acid content was quantified between 2.4 and 15.2mg g -¹ . Capsaicin represented 59% of total capsaicinoids evaluated while dihydrocapsaicin represented 30%. Capsaicinoids were not identified for accessions P27 and P179 (C. baccatum), P135 (C. chinense) and P46 (C. annuum). Hydrocarbons and esters were present in concentrations between 0.2–14.6mg g -¹ dw and 0.5–57.9mg g -¹ dw respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) of polar fraction A did not show the formation of clusters by species. Separated from the main group (outliers) were P116 (C. chinense), P46 and P76 (C. annuum), mainly due to the higher concentration of sucrose and fructose present in these access ions. PCA of polar fraction B, indicated the separation of P221 (C. annuum) and P200 (C. chinense), due to the high content dihydrocapsaicin of these accessions. The characterization of the metabolic profile by GC-MS allowed simultaneous identification and quantification of compounds 90. These results extend and complement the metabolic database of the AGB of Capsicum spp..
62

МЕТАБОЛИЧКИ СИНДРОМ И ПРОГРАМИРАНО ФИЗИЧКО ВЕЖБАЊЕ КОД ЈУВЕНИЛНЕ ГОЈАЗНОСТИ / METABOLIČKI SINDROM I PROGRAMIRANO FIZIČKO VEŽBANJE KOD JUVENILNE GOJAZNOSTI / METABOLIC SYNDROME AND PROGRAMMED PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN JUVENILE OBESITY

Sente Jelena 25 March 2020 (has links)
<p>Преваленца гојазности и метаболичког синдрома у јувенилној популацији је<br />драматично у порасту и представља јавно-здравствени проблем у целом свету.<br />Гојазност, нарочито висцералног типа, је кључни аспект за појаву метаболичког<br />синдрома или појединих његових компоненти у млађој популацији. Оваква патолошка<br />стања доводе до појаве низ компликација као и фактора ризика за настанак<br />кардиоваскуларних обољења и дијабетеса типа II, касније у адултној доби. Циљ ове<br />студије био је да се утврде ефекти програма физичке активности и хипокалоријске<br />исхране на антропометријске, конституционалне, метаболичке и кардиоваскуларне<br />параметре код гојазне деце, имајући у виду да је за настанак гојазности управо<br />одговоран животни стил у смислу неадекватне исхране и хипокинезије код младих. У<br />ту сврху креиран је упитник на основу ког смо дoбили увид о животним навикама<br />испитаника и закључили да се ради о гојазној јувенилној популацији, са врло мало<br />квалитативног уноса хранљивих материја и физички неактивном у великој мери.<br />Такође присутна је и генетска предиспонираност за кардиоваскуларне и метаболичке<br />болести, на шта нам указује породична анамнеза. Програм физичке активности и<br />дијететског режима, прилагођен узрасној групи испитаника од 11-14 година &plusmn; 0.5 год,<br />био је краткорочног карактера у трајању од три месеца. У циљу провере ефекта<br />мултидисциплинарног третмана, сви испитивани параметри су мерени у три временске<br />тачке (иницијално, трансверзално и финално мерење). Дескриптивне резултати у све<br />три групе испитиваних параметара показују статистички значајне промене код свих<br />испитаника у све три временске, као и резултати једнофакторске униваријантне анализе<br />варијансе (ANOVA) за поновљена мерења (one-way repeated measures ANOVA) за Sig.&lt;<br />0,05. Телесна маса и обими трбуха су значајно редуковани као и сви остали параметри<br />циркуларне димензионалности и поткожног масног ткива, исхрањености и<br />конституције. Код физиолошких показатеља метаболичког синдрома такође је дошло<br />до редукције и позитивних промена. Потврда је добијена мултиваријатном анализом<br />варијансе за поновљена мерења (One-way repeated measures MANOVA) за Sig.&lt;0,05,<br />дате тестом Wilk&rsquo;s Lambda, чиме смо потврдили значајан ефекат спроведеног третмана<br />вежбања и редуковане исхране, који је изазвао значајне промене у свим посматраним<br />просторима.</p> / <p>Prevalenca gojaznosti i metaboličkog sindroma u juvenilnoj populaciji je<br />dramatično u porastu i predstavlja javno-zdravstveni problem u celom svetu.<br />Gojaznost, naročito visceralnog tipa, je ključni aspekt za pojavu metaboličkog<br />sindroma ili pojedinih njegovih komponenti u mlađoj populaciji. Ovakva patološka<br />stanja dovode do pojave niz komplikacija kao i faktora rizika za nastanak<br />kardiovaskularnih oboljenja i dijabetesa tipa II, kasnije u adultnoj dobi. Cilj ove<br />studije bio je da se utvrde efekti programa fizičke aktivnosti i hipokalorijske<br />ishrane na antropometrijske, konstitucionalne, metaboličke i kardiovaskularne<br />parametre kod gojazne dece, imajući u vidu da je za nastanak gojaznosti upravo<br />odgovoran životni stil u smislu neadekvatne ishrane i hipokinezije kod mladih. U<br />tu svrhu kreiran je upitnik na osnovu kog smo dobili uvid o životnim navikama<br />ispitanika i zaključili da se radi o gojaznoj juvenilnoj populaciji, sa vrlo malo<br />kvalitativnog unosa hranljivih materija i fizički neaktivnom u velikoj meri.<br />Takođe prisutna je i genetska predisponiranost za kardiovaskularne i metaboličke<br />bolesti, na šta nam ukazuje porodična anamneza. Program fizičke aktivnosti i<br />dijetetskog režima, prilagođen uzrasnoj grupi ispitanika od 11-14 godina &plusmn; 0.5 god,<br />bio je kratkoročnog karaktera u trajanju od tri meseca. U cilju provere efekta<br />multidisciplinarnog tretmana, svi ispitivani parametri su mereni u tri vremenske<br />tačke (inicijalno, transverzalno i finalno merenje). Deskriptivne rezultati u sve<br />tri grupe ispitivanih parametara pokazuju statistički značajne promene kod svih<br />ispitanika u sve tri vremenske, kao i rezultati jednofaktorske univarijantne analize<br />varijanse (ANOVA) za ponovljena merenja (one-way repeated measures ANOVA) za Sig.&lt;<br />0,05. Telesna masa i obimi trbuha su značajno redukovani kao i svi ostali parametri<br />cirkularne dimenzionalnosti i potkožnog masnog tkiva, ishranjenosti i<br />konstitucije. Kod fizioloških pokazatelja metaboličkog sindroma takođe je došlo<br />do redukcije i pozitivnih promena. Potvrda je dobijena multivarijatnom analizom<br />varijanse za ponovljena merenja (One-way repeated measures MANOVA) za Sig.&lt;0,05,<br />date testom Wilk&rsquo;s Lambda, čime smo potvrdili značajan efekat sprovedenog tretmana<br />vežbanja i redukovane ishrane, koji je izazvao značajne promene u svim posmatranim<br />prostorima.</p> / <p>Prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in juvenile population is increasing<br />dramatically and presents a worldwide public health problem. Obesity, the visceral type in<br />particular, is the key aspect for emergence of metabolic syndrome or some of its individual<br />components in the younger population. Pathological states of this kind lead to development of<br />a range of complications, as well as, risk factors for emergence of cardiovascular diseases and<br />diabetes type II, later in adult age. The aim of this study was to determine effects of a program<br />of physical activity and hypocaloric diet on anthropometric, constitutional, metabolic and<br />cardiovascular parameters in obese children, considering that it is lifestyle, namely inadequate<br />diet and lack of movement, which is responsible for emergence of obesity in children. With<br />this in mind, we have created a questionnaire which has given us an insight into living habits<br />of the participants, and we have determined that we are dealing with an obese juvenile<br />population which consumes very little of quality nutritious foods, and which is, to a great<br />extent, physically inactive. Also, there is a presence of genetic predisposition for<br />cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, which was indicated in family anamnesis. The<br />physical activity and diet regime program, adapted to the age group of the participants (11 to<br />14-year-olds &plusmn; 0.5 year) was short term in character and it lasted for three months. With the<br />aim of checking the effect of the multidisciplinary treatment, all the tested parameters were<br />measured at three points in time (initial, transversal and final measurements). Descriptive<br />results in all three groups of the measured parameters indicate statistically significant changes<br />in all the participants, at all three time points, as do the results of one-way repeated measures<br />ANOVA for Sig.&lt; 0,05. Body mass and abdominal circumferences were reduced<br />significantly, as were all the other parameters of circulatory dimensions and subcutaneous fat,<br />nourishment and constitution. Reduction and positive changes were also measured in<br />physiological indicators for metabolic syndrome. The results were confirmed by one-way<br />repeated measures MANOVA for Sig.&lt; 0.05, using the Wilk&rsquo;s Lambda test, through which<br />we have confirmed a significant effect of the applied treatment which has caused significant<br />changes in all the measured parameters.</p>
63

Tumour catabolism independent of malnutrition and inflammation in upper GI cancer patients revealed by longitudinal metabolomics

Renesse, Janusz von, Bechtolsheim, Felix von, Jonas, Sophie, Seifert, Lena, Alves, Tiago C., Seifert, Adrian M., Komorek, Filip, Tritchkova, Guergana, Menschikowski, Mario, Bork, Ulrich, Meisterfeld, Ronny, Distler, Marius, Chavakis, Triantafyllos, Weitz, Jürgen, Funk, Alexander M., Kahlert, Christoph, Mirtschink, Peter 19 March 2024 (has links)
Background The detrimental impact of malnutrition and cachexia in cancer patients subjected to surgical resection is well established. However, how systemic and local metabolic alterations in cancer patients impact the serum metabolite signature, thereby leading to cancer-specific differences, is poorly defined. In order to implement metabolomics as a potential tool in clinical diagnostics and disease follow-up, targeted metabolite profiling based on quantitative measurements is essential. We hypothesized that the quantitative metabolic profile assessed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be used to identify cancer-induced catabolism and potentially distinguish between specific tumour entities. Importantly, to prove tumour dependency and assess metabolic normalization, we additionally analysed the metabolome of patients' sera longitudinally post-surgery in order to assess metabolic normalization. Methods Forty two metabolites in sera of patients with tumour entities known to cause malnutrition and cachexia, namely, upper gastrointestinal cancer and pancreatic cancer, as well as sera of healthy controls, were quantified by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Results Comparing serum metabolites of patients with gastrointestinal cancer with healthy controls and pancreatic cancer patients, we identified at least 15 significantly changed metabolites in each comparison. Principal component and pathway analysis tools showed a catabolic signature in preoperative upper gastrointestinal cancer patients. The most specifically upregulated metabolite group in gastrointestinal cancer patients was ketone bodies (3-hydroxybutyrate, P < 0.0001; acetoacetate, P < 0.0001; acetone, P < 0.0001; false discovery rate [FDR] adjusted). Increased glycerol levels (P < 0.0001), increased concentration of the ketogenic amino acid lysine (P = 0.03) and a significant correlation of 3-hydroxybutyrate levels with branched-chained amino acids (leucine, P = 0.02; isoleucine, P = 0.04 [FDR adjusted]) suggested that ketone body synthesis was driven by lipolysis and amino acid breakdown. Interestingly, the catabolic signature was independent of the body mass index, clinically assessed malnutrition using the nutritional risk screening score, and systemic inflammation assessed by CRP and leukocyte count. Longitudinal measurements and principal component analyses revealed a quick normalization of key metabolic alterations seven days post-surgery, including ketosis. Conclusions Together, the quantitative metabolic profile obtained by 1H NMR spectroscopy identified a tumour-induced catabolic signature specific to upper gastrointestinal cancer patients and enabled monitoring restoration of metabolic homeostasis after surgery. This approach was critical to identify the obtained metabolic profile as an upper gastrointestinal cancer-specific signature independent of malnutrition and inflammation.
64

Avaliação do desempenho, hematológica, bioquímica, parasitológica e histopatológica de bovinos de corte em sistema intensivo de produção / Biochemical, parasitological, histopathological and perfomance evaluation of beef cattle in intensive production system

COSTA, Gustavo Lage 04 March 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Lage.pdf: 7295301 bytes, checksum: c9f334c8b07a1b4e62ce93e9e8f868c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-04 / The profile of the Brazilian cattle industry has changed due to the search for more efficiency. It is transforming form extractive practices to new levels of intensification and productivity. In this context, the metabolic and parasitological profile of 39 crossbred animals, aged around 24 months at the time of entering the feedlot and prior to slaughter were performed, in order to assess the health of bovine finished in this breeding system. The following evaluations were carried out: hematology, biochemistry, histopathology and parasitology. The clinical biochemical evaluation consisted of the higidity assessment of the liver and kidney, comprising the balance of energy and protein of these animals. The parameters used were: ALP, AST, GGT, bilirubin (total, conjugated and unconjugated), total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides. Total proteins were fractionated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Parasitological assessment was done through EPG and stool culture. In histopathology fragments of liver, kidney, lynph nodes (mesenteric, pre scapular and pre femoral) and lung were observed. Alterations in biochemical and electrophoretic tests, suggestive of chronic liver disease, were found. Such alterations were noticed by the presence of foamy macrophages in the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes; however, these findings were not related to differences found in daily weight gain found. Histology did not show alterations suggestive of respiratory diseases. / Com a busca por eficiência produtiva, o perfil da pecuária brasileira tem mudado; deixando de ser um empreendimento extrativista e tornando-se capaz de atingir, cada vez mais, novos patamares no caminho da intensificação, aumentando a produtividade. Neste contexto foi realizada a avaliação do perfil metabólico e parasitológico de 39 bovinos, mestiços de corte, com idade em torno de 24 meses, no momento de entrada no confinamento e anterior ao abate, no intuito de avaliar a saúde dos animais terminados neste sistema de criação. As avaliações realizadas foram: hematologia, bioquímica sérica, histopatológica e parasitológica. A bioquímica sérica consistiu na avaliação da higidez do fígado e do rim, englobando o balanceamento energético e protéico destes animais. Os parâmetros utilizados foram: ALP, AST, GGT, bilirrubina (total, direta e indireta), proteína total, albumina, globulina, uréia, creatinina, colesterol e triglicérides. As proteínas totais foram fracionadas por meio da eletroforese em gel de agarose. A avaliação parasitológica foi realizada por meio do OPG e da coprocultura. Nos exames histopatológicos foram colhidos, processados e observados fragmentos de fígado, rim, linfonodo (mesentérico, pré-escapular e pré-crural) e pulmão. Foram encontradas alterações nos exames bioquímicos e eletroforéticos sugestivos de doença hepática crônica, que foram constatadas com a presença de macrófagos espumosos no fígado e no linfonodo mesentérico, porém estes achados não foram relacionados as diferenças no ganho de peso médio diário encontrada. Na avaliação histológica não foi observada alteração sugestivas de doenças respiratórias.
65

Sulfur supply as a sustainable technology for phytoextraction: its effects on cadmium uptake and detoxification in Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Massai / Suprimento de enxofre como tecnologia sustentável para fitoextração: efeitos na absorção e detoxificação de cádmio em Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Massai

Rabêlo, Flávio Henrique Silveira 08 February 2018 (has links)
Cadmium (Cd) concentration in the environment has increased in most recent decades, which represents a serious socio-environmental problem, since Cd is toxic to most living beings. Thus, it is important to reduce the concentration of this metal in contaminated environments, and the use of plants properly supplied with sulfur (S) can contribute to this (phytoextraction), since S is a component of metabolites involved in defense responses against stress caused by Cd. Therefore, our aim with this study was to evaluate the effect of S on i) Cd uptake kinetics, ii) root development and nutrient uptake, iii) metabolic profiling and thiol peptides synthesis, and iv) activity of antioxidant and photosynthetic system of Massai grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Massai) used for Cd phytoextraction. The studies were carried out in a greenhouse conditions using pots of 0.5 and 2.0 L for development of the study about Cd uptake kinetics (treatments represented by combinations of S: 0.1 and 1.9 mmol L-1 and Cd concentrations: 0.1 and 0.5 mmol L-1) and Cd detoxification mechanisms (treatments represented by combinations of S: 0.1, 1.9 and 3.7 mmol L-1 and Cd concentrations: 0.0, 0.1 and 0.5 mmol L-1), respectively. Pots were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replications. Plants used in Cd kinetics study were exposed to treatments for 14 days after they remained in solutions containing only S for 42 days, while plants used in Cd detoxification study were exposed to treatments for 9 days after growing in solutions containing only S for 44 days. At the end of studies, plants used were harvested and sent for analysis. Maximum uptake rate (Vmax) and Cd apoplastic influx of Massai grass exposed to highest Cd concentration was highest when the plants were supplied with highest S concentration. The root development of Massai grass was strongly inhibited when plants were exposed to 0.5 mmol L-1 Cd, but proper (1.9 mmol L-1) S supply allowed highest Cd uptake, while excessive S supply (3.7 mmol L-1) decreased iron plaques formation in the roots of plants. Lysine, cysteine, ornithine, arginine, tryptophan and histidine were accumulated in more than one tissue in plants exposed to Cd, as well as galactinol. Glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs) and their homologues were strongly induced by Cd, whereas plants supplied with 1.9 and/or 3.7 mmol L-1 S showed the highest concentrations of these peptides. Plants supplied with highest S concentration showed lowest lipid peroxidation and highest photosynthetic rate, which evidences that antioxidant system of these plants was more efficient in mitigating the damages caused by Cd. In view of these results, it is clear that Massai grass properly supplied with S shows greatest Cd tolerance, as well as phytoextraction potential / A concentração de cádmio (Cd) no ambiente aumentou em décadas recentes, o que representa sério problema sócio-ambiental, visto que o Cd é tóxico para a maioria dos seres vivos. Por isso, é importante reduzir a concentração desse metal em ambientes contaminados e o uso de plantas adequadamente supridas com enxofre (S) pode contribuir para isso (fitoextração), uma vez que o S é componente de metabólitos envolvidos no combate ao estresse causado pelo Cd. Assim, o nosso objetivo com esse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do S na i) cinética de absorção do Cd, no ii) desenvolvimento radicular e na absorção de nutrientes, no iii) perfil metabólico e síntese de compostos tiol, e iv) na atividade do sistema antioxidante e fotossintético do capim-massai (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Massai), utilizado para fitoextração de Cd. Os estudos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação utilizando-se vasos de 0,5 e 2,0 L para a condução do estudo de cinética de absorção de Cd (tratamentos representados pelas combinações das doses de S de 0,1 e 1,9 mmol L-1 e Cd de 0,1 e 0,5 mmol L-1) e para o estudo dos mecanismos de detoxificação de Cd (tratamentos representados pelas combinações das doses de S de 0,1; 1,9 e 3,7 mmol L-1 e Cd de 0,0; 0,1 e 0,5 mmol L-1), respectivamente. Os vasos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As plantas utilizadas no estudo de cinética foram expostas aos tratamentos durante 14 dias após as mesmas terem permanecido em soluções contendo apenas S durante 42 dias, enquanto as plantas utilizadas no estudo de detoxificação de Cd foram expostas aos tratamentos pelo período de 9 dias após terem crescido em soluções contendo apenas S por 44 dias. Ao final dos estudos, as plantas utilizadas foram colhidas e encaminhadas para análises. A velocidade máxima de absorção (Vmax) e o influxo apoplástico de Cd do capim-massai exposto à maior dose de Cd foram maiores quando as plantas foram supridas com a maior dose de S. O desenvolvimento radicular do capim-massai foi fortemente inibido quando as plantas foram expostas à dose de Cd de 0,5 mmol L-1, mas o adequado (1,9 mmol L-1) suprimento de S permitiu maior absorção de Cd, enquanto o suprimento excessivo (3,7 mmol L-1) de S diminuiu a formação de placas de ferro nas raízes das plantas. A lisina, cisteína, ornitina, arginina, triptofano e histidina foram acumulados em mais de um tecido nas plantas expostas ao Cd, assim como o galactinol. A glutationa (GSH), as fitoquelatinas (PCs) e seus homólogos foram fortemente induzidos pelo Cd, sendo que as plantas supridas com as doses de S de 1,9 e/ou 3,7 mmol L-1 apresentaram as maiores concentrações desses peptídeos. As plantas supridas com as maiores doses de S apresentaram menor peroxidação lipídica e maior taxa fotossintética, o que demonstra que o sistema antioxidante dessas plantas foi mais eficiente na atenuação dos danos causados pelo Cd. Diante desses resultados, fica claro que o capim-massai suprido adequadamente com S apresenta maior tolerância ao Cd, assim como maior potencial de fitoextração
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Sulfur supply as a sustainable technology for phytoextraction: its effects on cadmium uptake and detoxification in Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Massai / Suprimento de enxofre como tecnologia sustentável para fitoextração: efeitos na absorção e detoxificação de cádmio em Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Massai

Flávio Henrique Silveira Rabêlo 08 February 2018 (has links)
Cadmium (Cd) concentration in the environment has increased in most recent decades, which represents a serious socio-environmental problem, since Cd is toxic to most living beings. Thus, it is important to reduce the concentration of this metal in contaminated environments, and the use of plants properly supplied with sulfur (S) can contribute to this (phytoextraction), since S is a component of metabolites involved in defense responses against stress caused by Cd. Therefore, our aim with this study was to evaluate the effect of S on i) Cd uptake kinetics, ii) root development and nutrient uptake, iii) metabolic profiling and thiol peptides synthesis, and iv) activity of antioxidant and photosynthetic system of Massai grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Massai) used for Cd phytoextraction. The studies were carried out in a greenhouse conditions using pots of 0.5 and 2.0 L for development of the study about Cd uptake kinetics (treatments represented by combinations of S: 0.1 and 1.9 mmol L-1 and Cd concentrations: 0.1 and 0.5 mmol L-1) and Cd detoxification mechanisms (treatments represented by combinations of S: 0.1, 1.9 and 3.7 mmol L-1 and Cd concentrations: 0.0, 0.1 and 0.5 mmol L-1), respectively. Pots were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replications. Plants used in Cd kinetics study were exposed to treatments for 14 days after they remained in solutions containing only S for 42 days, while plants used in Cd detoxification study were exposed to treatments for 9 days after growing in solutions containing only S for 44 days. At the end of studies, plants used were harvested and sent for analysis. Maximum uptake rate (Vmax) and Cd apoplastic influx of Massai grass exposed to highest Cd concentration was highest when the plants were supplied with highest S concentration. The root development of Massai grass was strongly inhibited when plants were exposed to 0.5 mmol L-1 Cd, but proper (1.9 mmol L-1) S supply allowed highest Cd uptake, while excessive S supply (3.7 mmol L-1) decreased iron plaques formation in the roots of plants. Lysine, cysteine, ornithine, arginine, tryptophan and histidine were accumulated in more than one tissue in plants exposed to Cd, as well as galactinol. Glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs) and their homologues were strongly induced by Cd, whereas plants supplied with 1.9 and/or 3.7 mmol L-1 S showed the highest concentrations of these peptides. Plants supplied with highest S concentration showed lowest lipid peroxidation and highest photosynthetic rate, which evidences that antioxidant system of these plants was more efficient in mitigating the damages caused by Cd. In view of these results, it is clear that Massai grass properly supplied with S shows greatest Cd tolerance, as well as phytoextraction potential / A concentração de cádmio (Cd) no ambiente aumentou em décadas recentes, o que representa sério problema sócio-ambiental, visto que o Cd é tóxico para a maioria dos seres vivos. Por isso, é importante reduzir a concentração desse metal em ambientes contaminados e o uso de plantas adequadamente supridas com enxofre (S) pode contribuir para isso (fitoextração), uma vez que o S é componente de metabólitos envolvidos no combate ao estresse causado pelo Cd. Assim, o nosso objetivo com esse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do S na i) cinética de absorção do Cd, no ii) desenvolvimento radicular e na absorção de nutrientes, no iii) perfil metabólico e síntese de compostos tiol, e iv) na atividade do sistema antioxidante e fotossintético do capim-massai (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Massai), utilizado para fitoextração de Cd. Os estudos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação utilizando-se vasos de 0,5 e 2,0 L para a condução do estudo de cinética de absorção de Cd (tratamentos representados pelas combinações das doses de S de 0,1 e 1,9 mmol L-1 e Cd de 0,1 e 0,5 mmol L-1) e para o estudo dos mecanismos de detoxificação de Cd (tratamentos representados pelas combinações das doses de S de 0,1; 1,9 e 3,7 mmol L-1 e Cd de 0,0; 0,1 e 0,5 mmol L-1), respectivamente. Os vasos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As plantas utilizadas no estudo de cinética foram expostas aos tratamentos durante 14 dias após as mesmas terem permanecido em soluções contendo apenas S durante 42 dias, enquanto as plantas utilizadas no estudo de detoxificação de Cd foram expostas aos tratamentos pelo período de 9 dias após terem crescido em soluções contendo apenas S por 44 dias. Ao final dos estudos, as plantas utilizadas foram colhidas e encaminhadas para análises. A velocidade máxima de absorção (Vmax) e o influxo apoplástico de Cd do capim-massai exposto à maior dose de Cd foram maiores quando as plantas foram supridas com a maior dose de S. O desenvolvimento radicular do capim-massai foi fortemente inibido quando as plantas foram expostas à dose de Cd de 0,5 mmol L-1, mas o adequado (1,9 mmol L-1) suprimento de S permitiu maior absorção de Cd, enquanto o suprimento excessivo (3,7 mmol L-1) de S diminuiu a formação de placas de ferro nas raízes das plantas. A lisina, cisteína, ornitina, arginina, triptofano e histidina foram acumulados em mais de um tecido nas plantas expostas ao Cd, assim como o galactinol. A glutationa (GSH), as fitoquelatinas (PCs) e seus homólogos foram fortemente induzidos pelo Cd, sendo que as plantas supridas com as doses de S de 1,9 e/ou 3,7 mmol L-1 apresentaram as maiores concentrações desses peptídeos. As plantas supridas com as maiores doses de S apresentaram menor peroxidação lipídica e maior taxa fotossintética, o que demonstra que o sistema antioxidante dessas plantas foi mais eficiente na atenuação dos danos causados pelo Cd. Diante desses resultados, fica claro que o capim-massai suprido adequadamente com S apresenta maior tolerância ao Cd, assim como maior potencial de fitoextração
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RUOLO POTENZIALE DEL MICROBIOMA NELLA SINDROME DA AFFATICAMENTO CRONICO/ ENCEFALOMIELITE MIALGICA (CFS/ME) / POTENTIAL ROLE OF MICROBIOME IN CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME/MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (CFS/ME)

LUPO, GIUSEPPE FRANCESCO DAMIANO 08 April 2020 (has links)
La Sindrome da Affaticamento Cronico/Encefalomielite Mialgica (CFS/ME), è una grave malattia multisistemica caratterizzata da anomalie immunologiche e disfunzioni del metabolismo energetico. Recenti evidenze suggeriscono l’esistenza di una forte correlazione tra disbiosi e condizione patologica. La presente ricerca ha analizzato la composizione del microbiota intestinale ed orale in pazienti con CFS/ME rispetto a controlli sani e ha determinato se eventuali differenze osservate potrebbero essere utili in futuro per l'identificazione di biomarcatori diagnostici. La composizione batterica fecale e salivare dei pazienti con CFS/ME è stata studiata mediante sequenziamento Illumina degli ampliconi del gene 16S rRNA. Il microbiota fecale dei pazienti con CFS/ME ha mostrato una significativa riduzione di Lachnospiraceae, in particolare di Anaerostipes, rispetto ai gruppi di soggetti senza CFS/ME e un incremento di Phascolarctobacterium faecium e unclassified Ruminococcus. Bacteroides vulgatus, unclassified Bacteroides, Bacteroides uniformis e unclassified Barnesiella sono risultati significativamente più abbondanti nei pazienti con CFS/ME. Il microbiota orale dei pazienti con CFS/ME ha mostrato un aumento significativo di Rothia dentocariosa. Il profilo metabolico fecale di un sottogruppo di pazienti con CFS/ME ha mostrato un aumento complessivo di SCFA e di derivati dell'indolo rispetto ai gruppi non CFS/ME, suggerendo un aumento dei processi di fermentazione. I nostri risultati supportano l'ipotesi autoimmune per la CFS/ME e se saranno confermati da studi più ampi, le differenze rilevate nei profili microbici dei pazienti CFS/ME potrebbero essere utilizzate come markers per una diagnosi più accurata e per lo sviluppo di strategie terapeutiche specifiche. / The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), is a severe multisystemic disease characterized by immunological abnormalities and dysfunction of energy metabolism. Recent evidence suggest that there is a strong correlation between dysbiosis and pathological condition. The present research investigated the composition of the intestinal and oral microbiota in CFS/ME patients in comparison to healthy controls and determined whether any observed differences could be useful for the identification of diagnostic biomarkers. The fecal and salivary bacterial composition in CFS/ME patients was investigated by Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The fecal microbiota of CFS/ME patients showed a significant reduction of Lachnospiraceae, particularly Anaerostipes, compared to the non-CFS/ME groups, and an increase of Phascolarctobacterium faecium and unclassified Ruminococcus. Bacteroides vulgatus, unclassified Bacteroides, Bacteroides uniformis and unclassified Barnesiella resulted significantly more abundant in CFS/ME patients. The oral microbiota of CFS/ME patients showed a significant increase of Rothia dentocariosa. The fecal metabolic profile of a subgroup of CFS/ME patients revealed an overall increase of SCFAs and indole derivatives compared to the non-CFS/ME groups, suggesting an increase in the fermentation processes. Our results support the autoimmune hypothesis for CFS/ME condition and if confirmed by larger studies, the differences detected in the microbial profiles of CFS/ME patients may be used as markers for a more accurate diagnosis and for the development of specific therapeutic strategies.

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