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Thesis (D. Min.)--Ashland Theological Seminary, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-195).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Ashland Theological Seminary, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-195).

AIM: The aim of this study is to compare, in a randomized clinical trial, the appearance improvement of white spot carious lesions (WSL) treated with resin infiltration (RI) – ICON®, 5% sodium fluoride (22,600 parts per million (ppm) with fluoride varnish (FV), and to assess the synergistic effect of adding Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate- MI Paste® (MIP) to these treatment modalities. METHODS: Forty subjects with unrestored WSL, after debanding fixed orthodontic appliances, were recruited from the Department of Orthodontics, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University. A randomized, split-mouth, and double-blind clinical trial design was used to allocate subjects to resin infiltration and fluoride varnish without MI Paste® (RI and FV), 20 patients, and resin infiltration and fluoride varnish with MI Paste® (RI-MIP and FV-MIP), 20 patients. Patients in the MI Paste® present treatment group given 6-weeks supply of MI Paste®. The assessment methods were: 1) patient self-assessment, 2) expert panel subjective assessment, 3) clinical caries assessment using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), and 4) actual lesion size assessment. Treatment efficacy was assessed after 4-6 weeks of application. The appearance improvement was analyzed at α level of 5% and a power of 90%. RESULTS: Over 4-6 weeks, RI treatment appeared to have a higher mean difference between baseline and follow-up compared to fluoride varnish with a statistically significant difference across all assessment methods. The patient self-assessment mean difference was 1.07 (±1.49); 95% CI [0.59 - 1.55], the expert panel subjective assessment mean difference was 0.75 (±1.06); 95% CI [0.61 - 0.88], the ICDAS mean difference was 0.38 (± 0.43); 95% CI [0.24 - 0.52], and the actual size assessment mean difference was 0.07 (±0.16); 95% CI [0.01 - 0.12]. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean differences between RI and RI-MIP, nor between FV and FV-MIP across all assessment methods. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that RI is significantly better in improving the appearance of WSLs when compared to FV. There is little evidence that use of MIP adds to the improvement of the appearance of WSL in conjunction with either modality. / 2019-09-26T00:00:00Z

Coronary atherosclerosis and plaque rupture leads to acute coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction. Current treatment involves re-establishing vessel patency, but no treatments have been developed to target post-infarction inflammatory pathways. Such treatments may reduce cardiomyocyte injury, attenuate adverse remodelling and improve clinical outcome. Inflammation within the infarcted myocardium is associated with chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes to the site of injury. Early reperfusion therapy amplifies this inflammatory cell influx. Neutrophil release a variety of pro-inflammatory factors, including human neutrophil elastase (HNE). HNE has a wide range of substrates. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that neutrophil depletion or inhibition of neutrophil elastase attenuates post-ischemic inflammatory reperfusion injury within the myocardium. Recruitment of monocytes into the infarcted myocardium is followed by maturation and differentiation into macrophages. Macrophages play a key role in orchestrating inflammation and repair. Therapeutic manipulation of this healing process will only come from understanding mechanisms and targeting reparative pathways. “Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles” (USPIOs) extravasate through capillaries and are phagocytosed by tissue inflammatory cells. These cells are predominately macrophages, but neutrophils have also been shown to take up USPIOs. USPIO-enhanced MRI can identify areas of inflammation in models inflammation in various tissues. Therefore we hypothesised that USPIO enhanced MRI could identify and assess cellular inflammation of the myocardium. During coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), the myocardium receives an immediate ischaemic insult that is exacerbated by post-ischaemic reperfusion inflammatory responses leading to increased myocardial injury. CABG surgery can therefore be used as a clinical model of myocardial infarction and inflammation. We investigated this with blood markers of inflammation, MRI scanning and USPIO. Elafin inhibits the destructive and inflammatory HNE enzyme. Beyond this elafin inhibits inflammatory cytokines and modulates the innate and adaptive immune systems. In preclinical studies elafin treatment is associated with reduced myocardial injury. As such, elafin has a marked potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease involving inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesised that elafin will reduce perioperative ischaemic myocardial injury and inflammation in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. We demonstrated for the first time that USPIOs are taken up by the infarct tissue in patients with recent myocardial infarction and by the peri-infarct myocardium to a lesser degree. This represents a novel non-invasive method to further study cardiac inflammation and therapeutic interventions. All patients undergoing CABG surgery demonstrated >10-fold elevation above the 99th centile of cardiac troponin by high sensitivity assay (hs-cTnI) indicating the current universal definition of type 5 myocardial infarction lacks specificity. A peak hs-cTnI at 6 hours following CABG surgery appears to be related to the surgical process and non-specific myocardial injury whilst a continuing increase at 24 hours suggests myocardial infarction. We would suggest hs-cTnI sampling at 6 and 24 hours post CABG surgery together with ECG assessment for the routine detection and diagnosis of type 5 MI. Differing levels of humoral makers inflammation post CABG surgery occurred, and did not correlate directly with the length of cardiopulmonary bypass time or hs-cTnI release. For the first time we identified differing levels of inflammatory cell infiltrate into the myocardium post CABG. This varied from none to levels similar to infarcted myocardial tissues. Elafin did not attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and inflammation. Post-hoc analysis identified reduced cTnI concentrations at 6 hours in Elafin treated patients and it is possible that a bigger dose would have conferred protection out to 48 hours. Elafin did not attenuate the cellular infiltration into the myocardium post CABG surgery, but did appear to reduce inflammation in renal tissue. USPIO enhanced CMR holds major promise in the non-invasive assessment of myocardial inflammation post surgery.

In this study, pro-environmental behaviors are investigated by studying if one's primary information sources about environmental issues either from their social network or the media influence this behavior. Data was collected from the 2002 Detroit Area Study with a total of 267 respondents. Three indexes were constructed to separately measure all seven pro-environment behavioral items, five conservation behavioral items, and two consumption behavioral items. A complex sample model was utilized in these analyses. Findings suggest that information sources are correlated to self-reported environmental behavior. As predicted, the people whose primary information source was social network were more likely to obtain higher scores on all three separate indexes than those individuals who primarily received information about environmental issues from the media.

I bakgrunden beskrivs ett av sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde som är att skapa en personcentrerad vård. Genom hälsoförebyggande arbete kan vårdpersonal i sin omvårdnad medföra en förbättrad hälsa hos individen. Hälsa beskrivs som det människan upplever vid välbefinnande. WHO (2021) förklarar att det hälsofrämjande arbete är betydelsefullt för att reducera dödlighet i världen. Syftet med det motiverande samtalet (MI= Motiverande Intervjuer) är att ändra beteendevanor genom motivation. Det motiverande samtalet har en betydande roll för att förändra beteendevanor hos patienter. Vårdande möte beskriver sjuksköterskans ansvar att göra vården vårdande och vilka komponenter som ingår i att skapa ett vårdande möte. Syftet med studien är att belysa sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av det motiverande samtalet. En litteraturstudie valdes och artikelsökningen genomfördes i databaserna CINAHL och Medline. Det var tio artiklar som genomgick kvalitetsgranskningen för att sedan analyseras. Resultatet beskrivs med hjälp av tre teman ‘Delaktighet’, ‘Hinder’ och ‘Betydelsen av kunskap’ med sju underteman totalt. Huvudfynden var att MI bidrog till en större delaktighet och en mer personcentrerad vård. Tidspressen i arbetet påverkade utfallet av samtalet och det fanns ett behov av kunskap för att utöva metoden. I slutsatsen framkommer det att MI ses som en hälsofrämjande metod som tillför en personcentrerad vård där sjuksköterskornas empati främjas. Det framkommer även vissa svårigheter till att utöva MI. Det innebär att det finns en möjlighet till förbättring inom området av sjuksköterskans erfarenhet av motiverande samtal.

Abstract Persson, M (2008). Att arbeta med multipla intelligenserna i praktiken.Malmö: Lärarutbildningen: Malmö högskolaExamensarbetet handlar om barns väg att inhämta kunskap på olika sätt och hur undervisningen i skolan kan påverka detta. Syftet med undersökningen är att studera hur undervisningen i en skola som arbetar utifrån Howard Gardners teori om de multipla intelligenserna kan se ut i praktiken. Genom observationer under tre olika arbetspass samt intervjuer av lika många lärare i skolan söker jag svaret på frågorna som undersökningen utgår ifrån. Hur kan en lektion planerad utifrån de multipla intelligenserna se ut? Hur ser lärarna på undervisningen? Vid observationstillfällena framgår framförallt arbetsmetoden med arbetsschema, vilka utgår ifrån de ursprungliga sju intelligenserna. Här har undersökningen visat att arbetet utifrån MI-teorin ger lektioner där fler intelligenser införlivas, därmed ger undervisningen ett bredare utbud för varje individ att ta in kunskap. Intervjuerna har visat på engagerade lärare som förutom arbetet utifrån arbetsschemat strävar efter variation och mångfald i undervisningens helhet. Den forskning och empiriska undersökning som uppsatsen baserats på visar att teorin om de multipla intelligenserna kan vara användbar i undervisningen och skapa många olika undervisningsmöjligheter.

With advancements in space technology, remote sensing applications, and computer vision, significant improvements in the data describing our planet are seen today. Researchers want to gather different kinds of data and perform data fusion techniques between them to increase our understanding of the world. Two such data types are Electro-Optical images and Synthetic Aperture Radar images. For data fusion, the images need to be accurately aligned. Researchers have investigated methods for robustly and accurately registering these images for many years. However, recent advancements in imaging systems have made the problem more complex than ever. Currently, the imaging satellites that capture information around the globe have achieved a resolution of less than a meter per pixel. There is an increase in signal complexity for high-resolution SAR images due to how the imaging system operates. Interference between waves gives rise to speckled noise and geometric distortions, making the images very difficult to interpret. This directly affects the image registration accuracy. In this thesis, the complexity of the problem regarding registration between SAR and EO data was described, and methods for registering the images were investigated. The methods were feature- and area-based. The feature-based method used a KAZE filter and SURF descriptor. The method found many key points but few correct correspondences. The area-based methods used FFT and MI, respectively. FFT was deemed best for higher quality images, whereas MI better dealt with the non-linear intensity difference. More complex techniques, such as dense neural networks, were excluded. No method achieved satisfying results on the entire data set, but the area-based methods accomplished complementary results. A conclusion was drawn that the distortions in the SAR images are too significant to register accurately using only CV algorithms. Since the area-based methods achieved good results on images excluding significant distortions, future work should focus on solving the geometrical errors and increasing the registration accuracy

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