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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Desenvolvimento de metodologias alternativas para o controle de qualidade de anti-retrovirais em medicamentos utilizando eletroforese capilar / Development of alternative methods for the quality control of antiretroviral drugs by capillary electrophoresis

Zanolli Filho, Luiz Antonio 29 June 2007 (has links)
Atualmente cerca de 38,6 milhões de pessoas estão infectadas pelo vírus da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) em todo mundo. O único modo de tratamento para esta doença é através da utilização de medicamentos responsáveis por atuarem em diferentes pontos do ciclo replicativo do vírus. No Brasil esta doença é tratada como de calamidade pública, sendo seu tratamento feito através do programa nacional DST/AIDS, o qual distribui gratuitamente os medicamentos necessários para o tratamento. Tendo em vista que vários desses medicamentos são formulados pela indústria local, esta dissertação tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos passiveis de aplicação na rotina farmacêutica para a qualificação de matérias primas, bem como o controle de qualidade dos produtos acabados. As determinações nas formulações de nevirapina e lamivudina foram realizadas por CZE, em eletrólitos ácidos com pH < 2,5. Para a lamivudina a determinação foi realizada em um eletrólito de 0,5 % de TEA, 20 mmol.L-1 de TRIS, pH = 2,5, ajustado com ácido fosfórico, com um tempo de análise inferior a 4 minutos. O método desenvolvido para a nevirapina foi conduzido em um eletrólito de 10 mmol.L-1 de fosfato de sódio (pH =2,5), com um tempo de análise de 3 minutos. Um outro método foi desenvolvido permitindo a determinação de efavirenz, estavudina e ritonavir por MEKC, utilizando-se um planejamento fatorial 23 com ponto central, um tempo inferior a 9 minutos em um eletrólito consituído de 20 mmol.L-1 de tetraborato de sódio, 20 mmol.L-1 de SDS e 30 % de acetonitrila. Os métodos desenvolvidos foram validados de acordo com os protocolos oficiais, mostrando que estes métodos apresentam características adequadas para a análise de formulações farmacêuticas. Outra abordagem foi feita utilizando o acoplamento da eletroforese capilar à espectrometria de massas, onde amostras de urina fortificadas foram analisadas. As análise foram conduzidas utilizando 400 mmol.L-1 de ácido fórmico e líquido auxiliar constituído de 0,5 % de ácido fórmico diluído com uma solução metanol:água (1:1), permitindo a identificação inequívoca dos fármacos. / There are approximately 38.6 million people infected by the immunodeficiency acquired virus (AIDS) over the world. The only way of treatment for this illness is administrating drugs that act in different points of the replicative cycle of the virus. In Brazil this illness is dealt as public calamity, being its treatment made through the national program DST/AIDS, which distributes free of charge necessary medicines for the treatment. Considering that many of these drugs are formulated by the local industries, this thesis has as objective the development of analytical methods to be applied in the pharmaceutical routine for the qualification of raw materials, as well as the quality control of the finished products. The analysis of drug formulations of nevirapine and lamivudine were carried by CZE, in acid electrolytes with pH < 2.5. For lamivudine the analysis was carried using an electrolyte composed of 0.5 % of TEA, 20 mmol.L-1 of TRIS, pH = 2.5, adjusted with phosphoric acid, with an analysis time less than 4 minutes. The method developed for the nevirapine, was lead in an electrolyte composed of 10 mmol.L-1 of phosphate buffer (pH = 2.5), with a time of analysis of 3 minutes. Another method was developed for efavirenz, estavudine and ritonavir by MEKC, using 23 a factorial design with central point, with an analysis time less then 9 minutes in an electrolyte of 20 mmol.L-1 of sodium tetraborate, 20 mmol.L-1 sodium dodecyl sulfate and 30 % acetonitrile. The developed methods were validated in accordance with official protocols, showing that these methods can be advantageously used in the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations. Another approach was to use the coupling of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry, where fortified samples of urine had been analyzed. The analysis were performed using 400 mmol.L-1 formic acid and liquid sheath consisting of 0.5 % of formic acid diluted with a solution of (1:1) methanol:water, allowing the unequivocal identification detection of the drugs in the samples.
12

Estudo da separação de glicocorticoides e aplicações em formulações farmacêuticas utilizando eletroforese capilar / Study of the separation of glucocorticoids and application in pharmaceutical formulations using capillary electrophoresis

Morais, Máicon de 26 October 2018 (has links)
Estudos envolvendo os glicocorticoides merecem destaque devido a serem hormônios responsáveis pela transferência de informações e instruções às células, desta forma regulando o metabolismo, desenvolvimento, crescimento, função imune e também auxiliam no controle das funções tanto reprodutivas quanto tecidual. Estes também são sintetizados e amplamente utilizados com finalidade terapêutica processos alérgicos, tratamento de doenças autoimunes, em transplantes no pré-operatório e/ou pós-operatório-, devido a sua eficiente ação como imunossupressores e anti-inflamatórios. Os dois primeiros capítulos deste trabalho exibem uma revisão da literatura com foco em considerações gerais sobre os glicocorticoides, metodologias empregadas na análise destes hormônios e fundamentos da eletroforese capilar. Na sequência, o quarto capitulo, mostra a otimização da separação de 17 glicocorticoides utilizando cromatografia eletrocinética micelar devido a alto grau hidrofóbico dos analitos. Para tal, a composição do eletrólito consistiu em 20mM de tetraborato de sódio (pH=9.3) e 30 mM de dodecil sulfato de sódio (como surfactante), e a interação soluto-micela e, portanto, retenção do soluto, foi manipulada com a adição (volume/volume) de solventes orgânicos na composição de até 20% acetonitrila (ACN), 20% etanol (EtOH) e 1% tetrahidrofurano (THF), a qual se baseia num modelo de desenho de misturas (totalizando dez diferentes eletrólitos), e através desta abordagem um ótimo de separação foi obtido (13,3% EtOH, 3,3% ACN e 0,17% THF). A melhor condição de separação foi testada qualitativamente numa amostra de urina de um voluntário que faz uso contínuo de prednisona como terapia corticoidal. As misturas de solventes estudadas neste trabalho afetam a solubilidade dos hormônios na fase aquosa e a estrutura micelar também sofre grande impacto,principalmente na camada de solvatação. O quarto capítulo busca racionalizar tais efeitos através da obtenção de descritores, e as informações contidas nos descritores hidrofóbicos e hidrofílicos são sempre relevantes e contribuem nas correlações encontradas. Obteve três grupos de comportamento distinto, onde a capacidade doadora e aceptora de prótons para a realização de ligações de hidrogênios foram as interações consideradas as mais relevantes para o comportamento observado da separação. E o capítulo final, apresenta possibilidades de aproveitamento no controle de qualidade na indústria farmacêutica, métodos baseados na injeção e tensão inversas foram propostos a fim de ganho de tempo de análise (máximo de 5 minutos), estes foram validados seguindo o protocolo preconizado pela ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária) nos parâmetros: precisão, exatidão, seletividade, linearidade, limites de detecção e quantificação e robustez; e aplicados na quantificação de quatro (diferentes formulações comerciais contendo glicocorticoides (prednisona 20 mg, betametasona 4 mg, furoato de mometasona 200 mcg e dipropionato de beclometasona 200 mcg). / Studies involving glucocorticoids deserve to be highlighted because they are hormones responsible for the transfer of information and instructions to cells, thus regulating metabolism, development, growth, immune function and also assist in the control of both reproductive and tissue functions. These are also synthesized and widely used for therapeutic purposes - allergic processes, treatment of autoimmune diseases, in preoperative and/or postoperative transplants - due to their efficient action as immunosuppressants and anti-inflammatories. The first two chapters of this paper present a review of the literature focusing on general considerations about glucocorticoids, methodologies used in the analysis of these hormones and fundamentals of capillary electrophoresis. Subsequently, the fourth chapter shows the optimization of the separation of 17 glucocorticoids using micellar electrokinetic chromatography due to the high hydrophobic degree of the analytes. To this end, the electrolyte composition consisted of 20 mM sodium tetraborate (pH = 9.3) and 30 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (as a surfactant), and the solute-micelle interaction and therefore solute retention was manipulated with organic solvent in the composition of up to 20% acetonitrile (ACN), 20% ethanol (EtOH) and 1% tetrahydrofuran (THF), which is based on a mixture design model (totaling ten different electrolytes), and through this approach an optimal separation was obtained (13.3% EtOH, 3.3% ACN and 0.17% THF). The best separation condition was qualitatively tested in a urine sample from a volunteer who makes continuous use of prednisone as corticosteroid therapy. The solvent mixtures studied in this work affect the solubility of the hormones in the aqueous phase and the micellar structure also has a great impact, especially on the solvation layer. The fourth chapter seeks to rationalize these effects by obtainingdescriptors, and the information contained in the hydrophobic and hydrophilic descriptors is always relevant and contributes to the correlations found. It obtained three groups of distinct behavior, where the donor and acceptor capacity of protons for the realization of hydrogen bonds were the interactions considered the most relevant for the observed behavior of the separation. And the final chapter presents possibilities of use in quality control in the pharmaceutical industry, methods based on injection and reverse voltage were proposed in order to gain analysis time (maximum of 5 minutes), these were validated following the protocol recommended by ANVISA (Brazilian National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance) in the parameters: precision, accuracy, selectivity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification and robustness; and applied in the quantification of four different commercial formulations containing glucocorticoids (prednisone 20 mg, betamethasone 4 mg, mometasone furoate 200 mcg and beclomethasone dipropionate 200 mcg).
13

Estudo da separação de glicocorticoides e aplicações em formulações farmacêuticas utilizando eletroforese capilar / Study of the separation of glucocorticoids and application in pharmaceutical formulations using capillary electrophoresis

Máicon de Morais 26 October 2018 (has links)
Estudos envolvendo os glicocorticoides merecem destaque devido a serem hormônios responsáveis pela transferência de informações e instruções às células, desta forma regulando o metabolismo, desenvolvimento, crescimento, função imune e também auxiliam no controle das funções tanto reprodutivas quanto tecidual. Estes também são sintetizados e amplamente utilizados com finalidade terapêutica processos alérgicos, tratamento de doenças autoimunes, em transplantes no pré-operatório e/ou pós-operatório-, devido a sua eficiente ação como imunossupressores e anti-inflamatórios. Os dois primeiros capítulos deste trabalho exibem uma revisão da literatura com foco em considerações gerais sobre os glicocorticoides, metodologias empregadas na análise destes hormônios e fundamentos da eletroforese capilar. Na sequência, o quarto capitulo, mostra a otimização da separação de 17 glicocorticoides utilizando cromatografia eletrocinética micelar devido a alto grau hidrofóbico dos analitos. Para tal, a composição do eletrólito consistiu em 20mM de tetraborato de sódio (pH=9.3) e 30 mM de dodecil sulfato de sódio (como surfactante), e a interação soluto-micela e, portanto, retenção do soluto, foi manipulada com a adição (volume/volume) de solventes orgânicos na composição de até 20% acetonitrila (ACN), 20% etanol (EtOH) e 1% tetrahidrofurano (THF), a qual se baseia num modelo de desenho de misturas (totalizando dez diferentes eletrólitos), e através desta abordagem um ótimo de separação foi obtido (13,3% EtOH, 3,3% ACN e 0,17% THF). A melhor condição de separação foi testada qualitativamente numa amostra de urina de um voluntário que faz uso contínuo de prednisona como terapia corticoidal. As misturas de solventes estudadas neste trabalho afetam a solubilidade dos hormônios na fase aquosa e a estrutura micelar também sofre grande impacto,principalmente na camada de solvatação. O quarto capítulo busca racionalizar tais efeitos através da obtenção de descritores, e as informações contidas nos descritores hidrofóbicos e hidrofílicos são sempre relevantes e contribuem nas correlações encontradas. Obteve três grupos de comportamento distinto, onde a capacidade doadora e aceptora de prótons para a realização de ligações de hidrogênios foram as interações consideradas as mais relevantes para o comportamento observado da separação. E o capítulo final, apresenta possibilidades de aproveitamento no controle de qualidade na indústria farmacêutica, métodos baseados na injeção e tensão inversas foram propostos a fim de ganho de tempo de análise (máximo de 5 minutos), estes foram validados seguindo o protocolo preconizado pela ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária) nos parâmetros: precisão, exatidão, seletividade, linearidade, limites de detecção e quantificação e robustez; e aplicados na quantificação de quatro (diferentes formulações comerciais contendo glicocorticoides (prednisona 20 mg, betametasona 4 mg, furoato de mometasona 200 mcg e dipropionato de beclometasona 200 mcg). / Studies involving glucocorticoids deserve to be highlighted because they are hormones responsible for the transfer of information and instructions to cells, thus regulating metabolism, development, growth, immune function and also assist in the control of both reproductive and tissue functions. These are also synthesized and widely used for therapeutic purposes - allergic processes, treatment of autoimmune diseases, in preoperative and/or postoperative transplants - due to their efficient action as immunosuppressants and anti-inflammatories. The first two chapters of this paper present a review of the literature focusing on general considerations about glucocorticoids, methodologies used in the analysis of these hormones and fundamentals of capillary electrophoresis. Subsequently, the fourth chapter shows the optimization of the separation of 17 glucocorticoids using micellar electrokinetic chromatography due to the high hydrophobic degree of the analytes. To this end, the electrolyte composition consisted of 20 mM sodium tetraborate (pH = 9.3) and 30 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (as a surfactant), and the solute-micelle interaction and therefore solute retention was manipulated with organic solvent in the composition of up to 20% acetonitrile (ACN), 20% ethanol (EtOH) and 1% tetrahydrofuran (THF), which is based on a mixture design model (totaling ten different electrolytes), and through this approach an optimal separation was obtained (13.3% EtOH, 3.3% ACN and 0.17% THF). The best separation condition was qualitatively tested in a urine sample from a volunteer who makes continuous use of prednisone as corticosteroid therapy. The solvent mixtures studied in this work affect the solubility of the hormones in the aqueous phase and the micellar structure also has a great impact, especially on the solvation layer. The fourth chapter seeks to rationalize these effects by obtainingdescriptors, and the information contained in the hydrophobic and hydrophilic descriptors is always relevant and contributes to the correlations found. It obtained three groups of distinct behavior, where the donor and acceptor capacity of protons for the realization of hydrogen bonds were the interactions considered the most relevant for the observed behavior of the separation. And the final chapter presents possibilities of use in quality control in the pharmaceutical industry, methods based on injection and reverse voltage were proposed in order to gain analysis time (maximum of 5 minutes), these were validated following the protocol recommended by ANVISA (Brazilian National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance) in the parameters: precision, accuracy, selectivity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification and robustness; and applied in the quantification of four different commercial formulations containing glucocorticoids (prednisone 20 mg, betamethasone 4 mg, mometasone furoate 200 mcg and beclomethasone dipropionate 200 mcg).
14

Studies of Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography as an Analytical Technique in Pharmaceutical Analysis - an Industrial Perspective

Stubberud, Karin January 2002 (has links)
<p>Studies have been performed to evaluate the use of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), one mode of capillary electrophoresis (CE), as an analytical technique in industrial pharmaceutical analysis. The potential for using chemometrics for the optimisation of MEKC methods has also been studied as well as the possibilities of coupling MEKC with mass spectrometry (MS). </p><p>Two methods were developed, one for the determination of ibuprofen and codeine and another for pilocarpine, together with their degradation products and impurities in both cases. MEKC was found to be the most suitable mode of CE for the methods. Both methods were optimised by means of experimental design. Valuable information was gathered and optimum conditions were defined which resulted in fast systems with baseline-separated peaks. The ibuprofen-codeine method was validated according to the recommended validation procedures of the International Conference of Harmonisation. The validation was performed on a commercially available tablet formulation to verify the suitability of the method, i.e. for quantification of the two main compounds and to determine the degradation products and impurities in area% of each main peak. The following parameters were determined: selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitation limit, robustness and range. The results confirm that the method is highly suitable for its intended purpose, i.e. as a routine method for assay and impurity determination. The MEKC method for ibuprofen-codeine was coupled to a mass spectrometer in order to evaluate the potential of partial filling (PF)-MEKC-MS for identification of impurities in pharmaceutical substances and products. The so-called partial-filling technique was used to prevent the non-volatile micelles from entering the MS and was shown to fulfil its purpose of providing detection limits of about 10 pg. </p><p>The study clearly shows that micellar electrokinetic chromatography is well-suited as an analytical technique in industrial pharmaceutical analysis. </p>
15

Studies of Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography as an Analytical Technique in Pharmaceutical Analysis - an Industrial Perspective

Stubberud, Karin January 2002 (has links)
Studies have been performed to evaluate the use of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), one mode of capillary electrophoresis (CE), as an analytical technique in industrial pharmaceutical analysis. The potential for using chemometrics for the optimisation of MEKC methods has also been studied as well as the possibilities of coupling MEKC with mass spectrometry (MS). Two methods were developed, one for the determination of ibuprofen and codeine and another for pilocarpine, together with their degradation products and impurities in both cases. MEKC was found to be the most suitable mode of CE for the methods. Both methods were optimised by means of experimental design. Valuable information was gathered and optimum conditions were defined which resulted in fast systems with baseline-separated peaks. The ibuprofen-codeine method was validated according to the recommended validation procedures of the International Conference of Harmonisation. The validation was performed on a commercially available tablet formulation to verify the suitability of the method, i.e. for quantification of the two main compounds and to determine the degradation products and impurities in area% of each main peak. The following parameters were determined: selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitation limit, robustness and range. The results confirm that the method is highly suitable for its intended purpose, i.e. as a routine method for assay and impurity determination. The MEKC method for ibuprofen-codeine was coupled to a mass spectrometer in order to evaluate the potential of partial filling (PF)-MEKC-MS for identification of impurities in pharmaceutical substances and products. The so-called partial-filling technique was used to prevent the non-volatile micelles from entering the MS and was shown to fulfil its purpose of providing detection limits of about 10 pg. The study clearly shows that micellar electrokinetic chromatography is well-suited as an analytical technique in industrial pharmaceutical analysis.
16

Desenvolvimento de metodologias alternativas para o controle de qualidade de anti-retrovirais em medicamentos utilizando eletroforese capilar / Development of alternative methods for the quality control of antiretroviral drugs by capillary electrophoresis

Luiz Antonio Zanolli Filho 29 June 2007 (has links)
Atualmente cerca de 38,6 milhões de pessoas estão infectadas pelo vírus da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) em todo mundo. O único modo de tratamento para esta doença é através da utilização de medicamentos responsáveis por atuarem em diferentes pontos do ciclo replicativo do vírus. No Brasil esta doença é tratada como de calamidade pública, sendo seu tratamento feito através do programa nacional DST/AIDS, o qual distribui gratuitamente os medicamentos necessários para o tratamento. Tendo em vista que vários desses medicamentos são formulados pela indústria local, esta dissertação tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos passiveis de aplicação na rotina farmacêutica para a qualificação de matérias primas, bem como o controle de qualidade dos produtos acabados. As determinações nas formulações de nevirapina e lamivudina foram realizadas por CZE, em eletrólitos ácidos com pH < 2,5. Para a lamivudina a determinação foi realizada em um eletrólito de 0,5 % de TEA, 20 mmol.L-1 de TRIS, pH = 2,5, ajustado com ácido fosfórico, com um tempo de análise inferior a 4 minutos. O método desenvolvido para a nevirapina foi conduzido em um eletrólito de 10 mmol.L-1 de fosfato de sódio (pH =2,5), com um tempo de análise de 3 minutos. Um outro método foi desenvolvido permitindo a determinação de efavirenz, estavudina e ritonavir por MEKC, utilizando-se um planejamento fatorial 23 com ponto central, um tempo inferior a 9 minutos em um eletrólito consituído de 20 mmol.L-1 de tetraborato de sódio, 20 mmol.L-1 de SDS e 30 % de acetonitrila. Os métodos desenvolvidos foram validados de acordo com os protocolos oficiais, mostrando que estes métodos apresentam características adequadas para a análise de formulações farmacêuticas. Outra abordagem foi feita utilizando o acoplamento da eletroforese capilar à espectrometria de massas, onde amostras de urina fortificadas foram analisadas. As análise foram conduzidas utilizando 400 mmol.L-1 de ácido fórmico e líquido auxiliar constituído de 0,5 % de ácido fórmico diluído com uma solução metanol:água (1:1), permitindo a identificação inequívoca dos fármacos. / There are approximately 38.6 million people infected by the immunodeficiency acquired virus (AIDS) over the world. The only way of treatment for this illness is administrating drugs that act in different points of the replicative cycle of the virus. In Brazil this illness is dealt as public calamity, being its treatment made through the national program DST/AIDS, which distributes free of charge necessary medicines for the treatment. Considering that many of these drugs are formulated by the local industries, this thesis has as objective the development of analytical methods to be applied in the pharmaceutical routine for the qualification of raw materials, as well as the quality control of the finished products. The analysis of drug formulations of nevirapine and lamivudine were carried by CZE, in acid electrolytes with pH < 2.5. For lamivudine the analysis was carried using an electrolyte composed of 0.5 % of TEA, 20 mmol.L-1 of TRIS, pH = 2.5, adjusted with phosphoric acid, with an analysis time less than 4 minutes. The method developed for the nevirapine, was lead in an electrolyte composed of 10 mmol.L-1 of phosphate buffer (pH = 2.5), with a time of analysis of 3 minutes. Another method was developed for efavirenz, estavudine and ritonavir by MEKC, using 23 a factorial design with central point, with an analysis time less then 9 minutes in an electrolyte of 20 mmol.L-1 of sodium tetraborate, 20 mmol.L-1 sodium dodecyl sulfate and 30 % acetonitrile. The developed methods were validated in accordance with official protocols, showing that these methods can be advantageously used in the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations. Another approach was to use the coupling of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry, where fortified samples of urine had been analyzed. The analysis were performed using 400 mmol.L-1 formic acid and liquid sheath consisting of 0.5 % of formic acid diluted with a solution of (1:1) methanol:water, allowing the unequivocal identification detection of the drugs in the samples.
17

Desenvolvimento e validação de um método para a determinação simultânea de mesilato de nelfinavir e duas impurezas por cromatografia eletrocinética micelar (CEM)

Bastos, Carina de Almeida 20 March 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-09T19:23:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carinadealmeidabastos.pdf: 1640331 bytes, checksum: 96c6f61dba624b337759b27baecc7a34 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T14:34:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carinadealmeidabastos.pdf: 1640331 bytes, checksum: 96c6f61dba624b337759b27baecc7a34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T14:34:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carinadealmeidabastos.pdf: 1640331 bytes, checksum: 96c6f61dba624b337759b27baecc7a34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Um método cromatográfico eletrocinético micelar para a determinação simultânea do mesilato de nelfinavir e das impurezas ácido 3-hidroxi-2-metilbenzóico e benzoato de (2R,3R)-4-((3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(terc-butilcarbamoil)octahidroisoquinolina-2(1H)-il)-3-hidroxi-1-(feniltio)butano-2-amônio, com tempo de análise de 25 minutos, foi proposto. O eletrólito composto por tampão tetraborato de sódio (pH 9,24; 25 mmol L−1), dodecil sulfato de sódio (9 mmol L−1) e metanol (10%, v/v) foi otimizado utilizando planejamento fatorial misto, com detecção direta em 200 nm. Após avaliação das figuras de mérito seletividade, linearidade, precisão, limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, exatidão e robustez (Teste de Youden), o método foi aplicado na análise do mesilato de nelfinavir e suas impurezas em uma formulação farmacêutica (comprimidos). O método otimizado pode ser útil na determinação desses analitos em processos de monitoramento de síntese, matérias-primas e formulações farmacêuticas, oferecendo como vantagens baixo consumo de solventes, pequena demanda de amostra e uso de colunas não específicas. / A methodology for the simultaneous determination of nelfinavir mesylate and the impurities 3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzoic acid and (2R,3R)-4-((3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl) octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-(phenylthio)butan-2-aminium benzoate by micellar electrokinetic chromatography, with an analysis time of 25 min, was proposed. An electrolyte composed of sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 9.24; 25 mmol L−1), sodium dodecyl sulphate (9 mmol L−1) and methanol (10%, v/v) was optimized using a mixed-level factorial design, with direct detection at 200 nm. After evaluating some figures of merit, such as selectivity, linearity, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy and robustness (Youden’s test), the method was successfully applied to the analysis of nelfinavir mesylate and its impurities in a pharmaceutical formulation (tablets). The optimized methodology is demonstrated to be useful in the determination of these analytes in a synthesis monitoring process, in raw materials and in pharmaceutical formulations, while offering low solvent consumption, requiring a small sample and using non-specific columns as advantages.
18

DESENVOLVIMENTO E VALIDAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE RUPATADINA POR CROMATOGRAFIA LÍQUIDA E ELETROFORESE CAPILAR / DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF METHODOLOGY FOR THE EVALUATION OF RUPATADINE BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS

Nogueira, Daniele Rubert 12 March 2009 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Rupatadine is a second generation antihistamine H1, from the pyperidinic group, which inhibits both the histamine and platelet activating factor effects, and is clinically used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. The methods for the evaluation of rupatadine in pharmaceutical products were developed and validated in the present work. The reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) analysis was carried out using a Gemini C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm), maintained at 30 oC. The mobile phase consisted of ammonium acetate buffer 0.01 M, pH 3.0 with 0.05% of 1-heptanosulfonic acid/acetonitrile (71.5:28.5 v/v), run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with detection at 242 nm. The chromatographic separation was obtained within 7 min and it was linear in the concentration range of 0.5-400 μg/mL (r2=0.9999). The capillary electrophoresis method was developed and validated, using the micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) as the separation mode, and nimesulide as internal standard (IS). The analysis were performed on a fused-silica capillary (50 μm id, effective length, 40 cm), maintained at 35ºC, using electrolyte solution consisted of 15 mM borate buffer and 25 mM anionic detergent SDS solution at pH 10, with detection by photodiode array detector set at 205 nm. The injection was performed using the hydrodynamic mode at 50 mbar for 5 s, and a constant voltage of 25 kV was applied during the analysis. The electrophoretic separation was obtained within 6 min and it was linear in the oncentration range of 0.5-150 μg/mL (r2=0.9996). The procedures were validated evaluating parameters such as the specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limits of detection and quantitation, robustness, and system suitability test, giving results within the acceptable range. The proposed methods were applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical products, showing significant correlation (P>0.05) of the results. Therefore, the procedures can be applied to improve the quality control of pharmaceutical products and to assure the safety and therapeutic efficacy of the drug. / A rupatadina é um anti-histamínico H1 de segunda geração pertencente ao grupo piperidínico, que inibe os efeitos da histamina e do fator ativador plaquetário, sendo utilizada clinicamente no tratamento de rinite alérgica e urticária crônica. No presente trabalho foram desenvolvidos e validados métodos para avaliação de rupatadina em produtos farmacêuticos. As análises por cromatografia líquida em fase reversa (CL-FR) foram realizadas utilizando coluna Gemini C18 (150 mm x 4,6 mm), mantida a 30 oC. A fase móvel foi composta de tampão acetato de amônio 0,01 M, pH 3,0 com 0,05% de ácido 1-heptanosulfônico/acetonitrila (71,5:28,5, v/v), eluída na vazão de 1,0 mL/min com detecção no ultravioleta a 242 nm. A separação cromatográfica foi obtida no tempo de 7 min, sendo linear na faixa de concentração de 0,5-400 μg/mL (r2=0,9999). Paralelamente, desenvolveu-se e validou-se método por eletroforese capilar, utilizando modo de separação por cromatografia eletrocinética micelar (MEKC) e nimesulida como padrão interno (PI). Executaram-se as análises em capilar de sílica fundida (50 μm id, comprimento efetivo de 40 cm), mantido a 35ºC, utilizando solução eletrolítica composta de tampão borato 15 mM e tensoativo aniônico SDS 25 mM, pH 10, com detecção no ultravioleta a 205 nm. A injeção foi realizada no modo hidrodinâmico a 50 mbar durante 5 s e voltagem constante de 25 kV foi aplicada durante as análises. A separação eletroforética foi obtida em 6 min, sendo linear na faixa de concentração de 0,5-150 μg/mL (r2=0,9996). Os procedimentos foram validados, avaliando-se os parâmetros de especificidade, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, limite de detecção e quantificação, robustez e teste de adequabilidade do sistema, cujos resultados cumpriram os requisitos preconizados. Os métodos propostos foram aplicados na análise de produtos farmacêuticos, demonstrando correlação significativa dos resultados (P>0,05). Desse modo, estabeleceram-se procedimentos que podem ser aplicados para aprimorar o controle da qualidade de medicamentos, bem como garantir a segurança e eficácia no uso terapêutico.
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METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTIGATION OF FLUORESCENT PHOSPHOINOSITIDE CELL SIGNALING PROPERTIES BY CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS

Quainoo, Emmanuel W0bil 21 April 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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Physicochemical and Biopharmaceutical Characterisation of Small Drug Molecules by Capillary Electrophoresis

Örnskov, Eivor January 2004 (has links)
<p>Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) was explored as a means for physicochemical and biopharmaceutical characterisation of small drug molecules. Special attention was paid to the characterisation of acid-base and lipophilic properties of drug compounds by analysing their migration behaviour in different CE systems. The thesis comprises an overview of the field together with separate studies on the different topics.</p><p>The utility of CE for the determination of pK<sub>a</sub> of labile drug compounds was investigated. A general methodology was developed comprising key steps such as the use of a stabilising sample diluent, electromigration injection, and analyte characterisation by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The methodology was successfully applied for two sets of drug compounds, labile at low and high pH, respectively.</p><p>CE was also evaluated for experimental modelling of passive intestinal membrane permeability by studying analyte migration in liposomal, microemulsion and micellar electrolytes. Good correlation is reported between CE migration and Caco-2 cell absorption estimates and for in vitro inhibition of thrombin. Interestingly, a slightly better correlation was obtained for liposomal electrolytes.</p><p>The utility of liposomes in CE was further extended by developing a novel procedure for immobilising liposomes inside fused silica capillaries. This approach enabled direct on-line coupling of liposome CE to high sensitivity mass spectrometry. The utility of liposome-coated capillaries is demonstrated for estimating drug passive intestinal membrane permeability. Its use in biopharmaceutical drug profiling is discussed.</p><p>Utilising advanced molecular descriptors, commonly applied to in silico prediction of passive intestinal membrane permeability, migration of analytes in micellar CE systems could be well predicted. The novel approach was based on hierarchical multivariate analytics and use of molecular descriptors for both analytes and micellar media surfactants. Demonstrated results propose that the CE format could be useful to validate how representative molecular descriptors are for describing molecular behaviour in complex liquid media, e.g. physiological systems.</p>

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