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mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri / mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri / mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman" / mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi / mso-ansi-language:EN-US / mso-fareast-language:EN-US / } </style> <![endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Background</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: Malnutrition is a risk factor for the development of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and may be responsible for the premature deaths of patients with active disease. An adequate nutritional status may therefore be protective in delaying the onset from latent infection to active disease. In South Africa, very little data is available on the nutritional status of adults who present with tuberculosis. This study therefore aims to compare the nutritional status of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients with TB-free controls.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Study population &amp / Design</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: This is a community based case-control study. Forty-three newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were recruited as cases and matched according to age, gender and race to 43 TB-free close contacts. HIV positive subjects were excluded from the study.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Methods</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: Each participant was interviewed and completed a structured questionnaire to obtain demographic information. Weight was measured to the nearest 0.1kg and height to the nearest 1mm. A 24-hr dietary recall method was used to obtain dietary information. Biochemical analysis was carried out to measure&nbsp / concentrations of transferrin, albumin, CRP, ferritin, zinc, copper, vitamin A and E.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Results</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: The median Body Mass Index (BMI) for cases was 18.80kg/m&sup2 / (IQR 14.35, 32.11) and TB-free contacts 21.17 kg/m&sup2 / (IQR 16.75, 34.98) with a significant difference between the groups of p=0.001. There was significant difference in weight (p=0.002) and MUAC (p=0.000) between groups. No significant difference in dietary intake of energy (KJ) (p=0.695), protein (p=0.804), CHO (p=0.801) and fat ( p=0.796) was found between groups. There was a statistically significant increase in ferritin (p=0.000) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.000) in TB patients, while albumin (p=0.000), serum zinc (p=0.000) and serum vitamin A (p=0.000) were statistically significantly lower among cases.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Conclusion</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: There was no significant difference in the macronutrient intake of TB cases and TB-free contacts, although a significant difference was seen in BMI, MUAC and weight between groups, with all these parameters being lower in TB patients. Ferritin and CRP levels were markedly increased in TB cases while serum zinc, vitamin A and albumin are all significantly lower in&nbsp / TB patients than TB free contacts.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-GB">&nbsp / </span></b></p> <p>&nbsp / </p>

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mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri / mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri / mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman" / mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi / mso-ansi-language:EN-US / mso-fareast-language:EN-US / } </style> <![endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Background</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: Malnutrition is a risk factor for the development of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and may be responsible for the premature deaths of patients with active disease. An adequate nutritional status may therefore be protective in delaying the onset from latent infection to active disease. In South Africa, very little data is available on the nutritional status of adults who present with tuberculosis. This study therefore aims to compare the nutritional status of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients with TB-free controls.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Study population &amp / Design</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: This is a community based case-control study. Forty-three newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were recruited as cases and matched according to age, gender and race to 43 TB-free close contacts. HIV positive subjects were excluded from the study.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Methods</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: Each participant was interviewed and completed a structured questionnaire to obtain demographic information. Weight was measured to the nearest 0.1kg and height to the nearest 1mm. A 24-hr dietary recall method was used to obtain dietary information. Biochemical analysis was carried out to measure&nbsp / concentrations of transferrin, albumin, CRP, ferritin, zinc, copper, vitamin A and E.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Results</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: The median Body Mass Index (BMI) for cases was 18.80kg/m&sup2 / (IQR 14.35, 32.11) and TB-free contacts 21.17 kg/m&sup2 / (IQR 16.75, 34.98) with a significant difference between the groups of p=0.001. There was significant difference in weight (p=0.002) and MUAC (p=0.000) between groups. No significant difference in dietary intake of energy (KJ) (p=0.695), protein (p=0.804), CHO (p=0.801) and fat ( p=0.796) was found between groups. There was a statistically significant increase in ferritin (p=0.000) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.000) in TB patients, while albumin (p=0.000), serum zinc (p=0.000) and serum vitamin A (p=0.000) were statistically significantly lower among cases.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-GB">Conclusion</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">: There was no significant difference in the macronutrient intake of TB cases and TB-free contacts, although a significant difference was seen in BMI, MUAC and weight between groups, with all these parameters being lower in TB patients. Ferritin and CRP levels were markedly increased in TB cases while serum zinc, vitamin A and albumin are all significantly lower in&nbsp / TB patients than TB free contacts.</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-GB">&nbsp / </span></b></p> <p>&nbsp / </p>

Nutritional insults and conditions in fetal life and infancy may influence later growth and body composition as well as the development of chronic diseases in adult life. We studied the effects of maternal food and micronutrient supplementation and exclusive breast-feeding counseling on offspring growth 0-54 months and body composition at 54 months of age. We also validated and developed equations for a leg-to-leg bioimpedance analyzer in order to assess body composition of Bangladeshi children aged 4-10 years. In the MINIMat trial in Matlab, Bangladesh, pregnant women were randomized to Early (around 9 weeks) or a Usual invitation (around 20 weeks) to food supplementation and to one of three daily micronutrient supplementations with capsules of either 30 mg Fe and 400 µg folic acid, or 60 mg Fe and 400 µg folic acid, or multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) (15 micronutrients including 30 mg Fe and 400 µg folic acid). They were also randomized to exclusive breastfeeding counseling (EBC) or to usual health messages (UHM). Growth of their children was measured from birth to 54 months, when body composition also was assessed. There were no differences in background characteristics across the different intervention groups. There was no differential effect by prenatal interventions on birth weight or length. Early invitation to food supplementation reduced stunting from early infancy up to 54 months for boys (average difference 6.5 percent units, 95% CI=1.7 to 11.3, p=0.01), but not for girls (average difference 2.4 percent units, 95% CI=-2.2 to 7.0, p=0.31). MMS resulted in more stunting than standard Fe60F (average difference 4.8 percent units, 95% CI=0.8 to 8.9, p=0.02). Breast-feeding counseling prolonged the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (difference 35.0 days, 95% CI 30.6-39.5, p&lt;0.001). Neither the pregnancy interventions nor the breast-feeding counseling influenced body composition at 54 months. Early food supplementation in pregnancy reduced the occurrence of stunting in boys 0-54 months, while prenatal MMS increased the proportion of stunting. Early food and multiple micronutrient supplementation or exclusive breastfeeding intervention provided to rural Bangladeshi women during pregnancy did not affect offspring body composition at 54 months of age. The effects on postnatal growth suggest programming effects in early fetal life.

Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / INTRODUCTION: The objective of this research study was to analyze previously collected dietary intake data using multiple 24-hour dietary recalls and semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQ’s) in a group of HIV-positive and HIV-negative breastfeeding women from a rural region in KwaZulu-Natal in order to compare the intake of selective micronutrients obtained with the two instruments. Identifying the pattern of food intake and the contribution of different foods to the micronutrient intake in this population group will contribute to possible recommendations aimed at dietary changes to improve dietary micronutrient intake. This study was designed as a sub-study of a longitudinal prospective cohort study and subjects (N=108) were lactating mothers enrolled in a cohort which investigated the combined effect of HIV-infection and breastfeeding on women’s nutritional status. METHOD: A locally constructed FFQ and 24h-recall were used to collect dietary intake data from 108 subjects on three occasions, (~6 weeks, 14- and 24-weeks post partum). Analysis was done using the Food Finder Program™2. Micronutrients under investigation were iron, zinc, copper, selenium, vitamin A, B6, C, D and E, thiamin, riboflavin and folic acid and were selected on their relevance in HIV (AIDS). Descriptive statistics was used to determine the consumption of food items as percentage of all food items consumed and to calculate mean, mode, median and range of serving sizes for the ten food items most frequently consumed (measured with the 24h and FFQ respectively). Data was not normally distributed (indicated by the paired t-test and confirmed with a RM ANOVA nonparametric test). The F-value was determined (using Wilcoxon matched pairs test) and the significance of the difference between the micronutrient intakes measured with the two instruments (p<0.05) calculated. To investigate the strength of the correlation between the two dietary intake measures, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were determined for the nutrients under investigation. The significance level for these measurements was 95% (p<0.05). RESULTS: Both methods identified maize meal and mahewu, bread, chicken, dried beans, cabbage, onion, bananas, oranges and green leaves as the foods most often consumed. Bread, dried beans, maas, pilchards, mango and green wild leaves were the foods that contributed the most to the micronutrients under investigation. Although maize meal (in the form of phutu or mahewu) was the food item most frequently consumed in large portions, it was not in the top ten food items for any micronutrient contribution, except for selenium. Correlation coefficients (unadjusted for energy) in this study were very poor, ranging from 0.038 for vitamin B12 up to 0.48 for iron. All correlations (except vitamin B12) were poor but significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There was some agreement found in the type of foods most frequently consumed and their contribution to the micronutrient intake of this population group, when using three 24h-recalls and FFQ’s and therefore in describing the habitual food intake of the population group. There was however no agreement between the micronutrient intake measured with three 24h-recalls and three FFQ’s (p<0.05). Further analysis of the data and comparisons with the biochemical results reported in another study, is recommended.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Cucumis melo is one of the most important horticultural species representing the family Cucurbitaceae, moreover, it is the leader fruit concerning value and volume of exportation in Brazil. As in other cultures, both physiological and health quality of seeds used in the crop establishment are critical to ensure an appropriate population of plants and with high quality and productivity. Treatment of seeds is employed in order to protect them against pathogens, as well as, to accelerate and uniform their germination. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the physiological and health quality of melon seeds, cv. Gaúcho Redondo‟, treated with chemical fungicides, biocontrol agents, micronutrients and polymer. Application rates followed recommendations described by manufacturers. Evaluation of physiological traits was undertaken by means of germination, seedlings length, cold storage, germination at low temperatures, greenhouse emergence and emergence speed index tests. Health quality tests, by the other hand, were determined by Blotter test , transmission and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. isolated from melon seeds. Treatments with micronutrients, purely or combined with polymer coating, incremented in seed germination, as well as, the emergence and the emergence speed index. Trichoderma spp. also provided a significant increase in the first count and germination. The fungicide Captan® acted efficiently on Fusarium spp. present in the seeds, though it had not been totally eradicated. This pathogen associated with melon seeds did not affect the germination process of them. / Cucumis melo é uma das principais hortaliças representantes da família Cucurbitaceae, além disso, é a fruta líder em valor e volume de exportação no Brasil. Como em todas as culturas, a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes utilizadas na implantação da lavoura é fundamental para garantir uma população adequada de plantas e com elevada qualidade e produtividade. O tratamento de sementes é utilizado para promover a proteção das sementes contra patógenos causadores de doenças e proporcionar uma germinação mais rápida e uniforme. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes de melão, cultivar Gaúcho Redondo, após tratamento das mesmas com fungicidas químicos, agentes de biocontrole, micronutrientes e polímero. As doses de aplicação dos produtos seguiram as recomendações dos fabricantes e as avaliações da qualidade fisiológica das sementes foram realizadas através do teste de germinação, comprimento de plântulas, teste de frio, germinação a baixas temperaturas, emergência em casa de vegetação e índice de velocidade de emergência. Já a qualidade sanitária foi determinada pelo teste de sanidade, transmissão e patogenicidade de isolados de Fusarium spp. obtidos das sementes de melão. Os tratamentos com micronutrientes, isolados ou com recobrimento de polímero, promoveram incremento na germinação das sementes, assim como na emergência e no índice de velocidade de emergência. Trichoderma spp. também proporcionou aumento significativo na primeira contagem e na germinação. O fungicida Captan® atuou de forma eficiente no controle de Fusarium spp. presente nas sementes, embora não tenha erradicado totalmente. Este patógeno, associado às sementes de melão, não interferiu no processo germinativo das mesmas.

Orientador: José Anchieta Gomes Neto / Banca: Joaquim de Araújo Nobrega / Banca : Ana Rita de Araújo Nogueira / Banca : Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda / Banca : Cassiana Seimi Nomura / Resumo: A diagnose foliar é uma ferramenta para avaliar o estado nutricional das plantas, corrigir deficiências ou excessos de nutrientes, otimizar a produção e avaliar os requerimentos de fertilizantes. Desenvolver novas metodologias analíticas para determinações multielementares de macro (Ca, K, Mg, P e S) e micronutrientes (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo e Zn) em folhas de cana-de-açúcar e de laranjeira por espectrometria de absorção atômica com fonte contínua e de alta resolução (HR-CS FAAS) foi o objetivo deste trabalho. A determinação multielementar de Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, Mg e K em folhas de cana-de-açúcar por HR-CS FAAS foi feita após digestão das folhas em forno de micro-ondas. Usando linhas atômicas principais para Cu (324,754 nm), Fe (248,327 nm), Mn (279,482 nm) e Zn (213,857 nm), linhas secundárias para Ca (239,856 nm) e K (404,414 nm) e linha adjacente (202,588 nm) a linha secundária (202,582 nm) para Mg, curvas analiticas nos intervalos 0,1-0,5 mg L−1 Cu, 0,5-4,0 mg L−1 Fe, 0,5-4,0 mg L−1 Mn, 0,2-1,0 mg L−1 Zn, 10,0-100,0 mg L−1 Ca, 5,0-40,0 mg L−1 Mg e 50,0-250,0 mg L−1 K foram obtidas. A interferência espectral causada pela molécula de NO na linha principal do Zn (213,857 nm) foi removida com correção pelo algoritmo dos mínimos quadrados (LSBC). Exatidão e precisão foram avaliadas pela análise de 5 materiais de referência certificados e os resultados foram concordantes ao nível de 95% de confiança. Folhas de cana-de-açúcar foram analisadas e os resultados foram próximos dos obtidos por LS FAAS. As recuperações variaram de 84-114% para todos os analitos. Os limites de detecção foram 0,6 mg L-1 Ca, 0,4 mg L-1 Mg, 0,4 mg L-1 K, 7,7 μg L-1 Cu, 7,7 μg L-1 Fe, 1,5 μg L-1 Mn e 5,9 μg L-1 Zn. Um preparo de amostras alternativo foi proposto para determinar B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, S e Zn por HR-CS FAAS... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Foliar diagnosis is a tool for evaluating nutritional state of plants, correcting nutrient deficiencies or excesses, optimizing crop production and evaluating fertilizer requirements. The goal of this work was to develop new methodologies for multielement determination of macro (Ca, K, Mg, P and S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn) in sugarcane and orange leaves by high resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAS). The multielement determination of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, Mg and K in sugarcane leaves by HR-CS FAAS was carried out after microwave-assisted sample digestion. Using main lines for Cu (324.754 nm), Fe (248.327 nm), Mn (279.482 nm) and Zn (213.857 nm), secondary lines for Ca (239.856 nm) and K (404.414 nm), and side line (202.588 nm) at wing of secondary line (202.582 nm) for Mg, analytical curves in the 0.1-0.5 mg L−1 Cu, 0.5- 4.0 mg L−1 Fe, 0.5-4.0 mg L−1 Mn, 0.2-1.0 mg L−1 Zn, 10.0-100.0 mg L−1 Ca, 5.0-40.0 mg L−1 Mg e 50.0-250.0 mg L−1 K intervals were obtained. Spectral interference caused by NO molecule on the main line for Zn (213.857 nm) was removed with least squares background correction (LSBC). Accuracy and precision were evaluated by analysis of 5 certified reference materials and the results were in agreement at 95% confidence level. Sugarcane leaves were analyzed and the results were close to those obtained by LS FAAS. Recoveries varied from 84 to 114% for all analytes. The limits of detection were 0.6 mg L-1 Ca, 0.4 mg L-1 Mg, 0.4 mg L-1 K, 7.7 μg L-1 Cu, 7.7 μg L-1 Fe, 1.5 μg L-1 Mn and 5.9 μg L-1 Zn. An alternative sample preparation was proposed for determining B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, S and Zn by HR-CS FAAS. Sugarcane and orange leaves were submitted to dry ashing and solubilized in hydrochloric acid. This digest was divided in 3: one for B, P and S determination; other for Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Salatiér Buzetti / Banca: Morel de Passos e Carvalho / Banca: Marcelo Andreotti / Banca: Helder Barbosa Paulino / Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Resumo: A adubação foliar ainda apresenta muitos resultados inconclusivos, tanto no que concerne às concentrações, épocas de aplicação e produtos utilizados. O trabalho teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos da aplicação, via foliar, de diferentes fontes de fertilizantes foliares contendo B e/ou Zn, em culturas anuais, nos anos de 2006 e 2007. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental da Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira - SP, em um Latossolo Vermelho-escuro distroférrico, com 0,41 mg dm-3 de B e 0,60 mg dm-3 de Zn. O delineamento experimental adotado, para todas as culturas, foi o de blocos ao acaso sendo os tratamentos constituídos por quatro fontes de B e/ou quatro fontes de Zn, com quatro repetições, além da testemunha sem aplicação de fertilizantes via foliar. Os cultivares utilizados foram o IAC - Carioca, AG 5020, BRS MG-68 (Vencedora) e IAC - 370, para o feijão, milho, soja e trigo, respectivamente. Cada parcela constou de 5 m x 5 linhas, na cultura do feijão, do milho e da soja, e para a cultura do trigo cada parcela constou de 5 m x 10 linhas. Foram utilizadas quantidades de cada um dos produtos para que fossem aplicados 220 g e 500 g ha-1 de B e/ou de Zn, respectivamente, parceladas em duas aplicações, sendo a primeira aos 20 DAE e a segunda no momento do florescimento de cada cultura, exceto no milho que foi aplicado no estádio de 8 folhas. Foram avaliados os teores foliares de todos os nutrientes, com exceção do Cl e do Mo, xi os componentes de produção e a produtividade das culturas. A aplicação de boro e zinco via foliar aumentou os teores foliares desses elementos nas culturas estudadas; os tratamentos não promoveram efeitos significativos nos componentes de produção e na produtividade das culturas do feijão, milho, soja e trigo, exceto no número de vagens... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The leaf fertilization is still a practice little studied on concerns to the concentrations, application times and used products. The study had as objective to investigate the effects of the application, through leaf, of different leaf fertilizers containing B or Zn, in the crops of common bean, corn, soybean and wheat, in 2006 and 2007. The experiments were conducted at Experimental Station of Faculdade de Engenharia /UNESP - Ilha Solteira Campus - SP, in a Haplustox with 0.41 mg dm-3 of B and 0.60 mg dm-3 of Zn. A randomized block design with treatments constituted by four sources of B and four sources of Zn, besides a control, in four repetitions, was used. They were tested IAC - Carioca, AG 5020, BRS MG-68 (Vencedora) and IAC - 370, for common bean, corn, soybean and wheat, respectively. Each plot consisted of 5m x 5 lines, to common bean, corn and soybean and to wheat each plot consisted of 5 m x 10 lines. It was applied 220 g and 500 g ha-1 of B and of Zn, respectively, split in two applications, at 20 days after emergency the first application and the second one at flowering stadium to common bean, soybean and wheat. To corn it was applied at 8 leaf stadium. They were evaluated the leaf content to macro and micronutrient, except Cl and Mo; the production components and the productivity of the crops. The boron and zinc application through leaf increased B and Zn leaf content on common bean, corn, soybean and wheat; the treatments did not promote significant effects in the production xiii components and in productivity on crops studied; it would not recommended the application these fertilizers on crops studied. / Doutor

p. 1-91 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-30T19:25:01Z No. of bitstreams: 5 TeseCompleta.pdf: 487668 bytes, checksum: 0cbd119285e19d904247614a45fbc4b1 (MD5) TeseCap02.pdf: 67224 bytes, checksum: 77a8daf7dd37cd014cebede8dc9c3b7d (MD5) TeseCap01.pdf: 132759 bytes, checksum: 5ba4ec7ffc38816101f5c9c624aa5415 (MD5) cap04_Lista_de_Tabelas.pdf: 75027 bytes, checksum: 4e5c9bbb159afdd1bac1994c3460c9bc (MD5) CAP03_SUM_RIO.pdf: 57213 bytes, checksum: d944160e0fd7fdcef66e3257c2b69c27 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:39:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 TeseCompleta.pdf: 487668 bytes, checksum: 0cbd119285e19d904247614a45fbc4b1 (MD5) TeseCap02.pdf: 67224 bytes, checksum: 77a8daf7dd37cd014cebede8dc9c3b7d (MD5) TeseCap01.pdf: 132759 bytes, checksum: 5ba4ec7ffc38816101f5c9c624aa5415 (MD5) cap04_Lista_de_Tabelas.pdf: 75027 bytes, checksum: 4e5c9bbb159afdd1bac1994c3460c9bc (MD5) CAP03_SUM_RIO.pdf: 57213 bytes, checksum: d944160e0fd7fdcef66e3257c2b69c27 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:39:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 TeseCompleta.pdf: 487668 bytes, checksum: 0cbd119285e19d904247614a45fbc4b1 (MD5) TeseCap02.pdf: 67224 bytes, checksum: 77a8daf7dd37cd014cebede8dc9c3b7d (MD5) TeseCap01.pdf: 132759 bytes, checksum: 5ba4ec7ffc38816101f5c9c624aa5415 (MD5) cap04_Lista_de_Tabelas.pdf: 75027 bytes, checksum: 4e5c9bbb159afdd1bac1994c3460c9bc (MD5) CAP03_SUM_RIO.pdf: 57213 bytes, checksum: d944160e0fd7fdcef66e3257c2b69c27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Estudos realizados nos países em desenvolvimento demonstram que é freqüente a coexistência de ingestão inadequada de vários nutrientes entre pré-escolares. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a associação entre anemia e o consumo alimentar inadequado de ferro biodisponível isolado ou combinado à inadequação no consumo alimentar de cobre e/ou vitamina A. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado em dez municípios do Estado da Bahia, Brasil, desenvolvido com 1.551 pré-escolares. Foram obtidos dados sobre idade, sexo, condições sócio-ambientais (utilizou-se questionário estruturado), níveis de hemoglobina (utilizou-se o hemoglobinômetro portátil) e consumo alimentar (inquérito recordatório de 24 horas). A associação entre consumo alimentar e a anemia foi verificada inicialmente por análise bivariada e posteriormente utilizando-se o modelo de regressão log-binomial. Verificou-se que o consumo inadequado de ferro biodisponível esteve significativamente associado à anemia quando ocorreu simultaneamente à inadequação de outros micronutrientes: cobre e vitamina A RP 2.0 (95% CI 1.3 ? 3.0); cobre ou vitamina A RP 1.6 (95% CI 1.1 ? 2.2), mas não quando a inadequação ocorreu apenas para ferro biodisponível RP 1.1 (95% CI 0.6 ? 2.1), quando comparados ao consumo adequado de ferro biodisponível. Observou-se proporção de consumo significativamente maior de: vegetais e frutas para os não anêmicos; leite e cereais para os anêmicos. Entre as refeições principais, mostrou-se que no jantar a ingestão de ferro biodisponível e cobre foi significativamente maior no grupo de não anêmicos, mesmo após ajuste por idade e sexo. É possível supor que entre os pré-escolares com consumo inadequado de ferro biodisponível existe diferenciais de risco importante à medida que se agregam deficiências no consumo alimentar de micronutrientes, como cobre e vitamina A. / Salvador

The World Health Organization defines malnutrition as a variety of pathological conditions that arise as a result of deficiency of supply, transportation or use of nutrientes by the body s cells. Associated with energy and protein deficiency found in malnourished children there is a lack of vitamins and minerals. Currently, iron deficiency and vitamin A have been gaining importance as well as public health problem. Therefore, a balanced diet of macro and micronutrients such certainly decrease the rates of nutritional deficiencies. An alternative would be to include regional foods with nutritional value-added and low cost. One of these options would be the mussels (Mytella falcata) kind enough cultivated on the Brazilian coast and especially in Alagoas in the Estuarine Complex Mundaú-Manguaba (CEMM). On this basis it is proposed to examine the profile of micronutrients (vit. A, Fe and Zn) in mussels and their safety for consumption. For this, we evaluated the degree of contamination by heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb and Cd) from samples of fresh mussels, using the methodology of the AOAC, 2005, the hygienic and sanitary preparations of mussels, with and without milk coconut through microbiological parameters recommended by Ordinance 12/2001 of the Ministry of Health, according to AOAC methodology, 2005, APHA, 2004 and BAM / FDA, 2006 and the profile of micronutrients (vit. A, Fe and Zn) using methodology AOAC, 2005. The results indicated that the contamination levels for heavy metals were determined by the Division under the National Health Surveillance of Food (Decree 685/98) and the hygienic and sanitary preparations of mussels with and without coconut milk were considered satisfactory according to law. The concentrations of vit. A, Fe and Zn showed that the mussels, with and without coconut milk, have higher levels of iron than meat, besides being a good source of zinc, although their levels are lower than observed in the meat. Both preparations of mussels were not considered sources of vitamin A. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A Organização Mundial da Saúde define a desnutrição como uma pluralidade de condições patológicas que surgem em conseqüência de uma deficiência de aporte, transporte ou utilização de nutrientes pelas células do organismo. Associada a deficiência energética - protéica observada em crianças desnutridas verifica-se a carência de vitaminas e minerais. Atualmente a deficiência de ferro e de vitamina A vêm ganhando importância também como problema de saúde pública. Portanto, uma dieta balanceada em macro e nesses micronutrientes certamente diminuiria os índices de agravos nutricionais. Uma alternativa seria a inclusão de alimentos regionais com valor nutricional agregado e de baixo custo. Uma dessas opções seria o sururu (Mytella falcata) espécie bastante cultivada no litoral brasileiro e especialmente em Alagoas no Complexo Estuarino Mundaú-Manguaba (CEMM). Com base no exposto é que se propôs estudar o perfil de micronutrientes (vit. A, Fe e Zn) do sururu bem como sua inocuidade para consumo. Para tanto, foi avaliado o grau de contaminação por metais pesados (As, Hg, Pb e Cd) de amostras de sururu in natura, através da metodologia da AOAC, 2005, as condições higiênico-sanitárias das preparações de sururu, com e sem leite de coco, através de parâmetros microbiológicos recomendados pela Portaria 12/2001 do Ministério da Saúde, segundo metodologia AOAC, 2005, APHA, 2004 e BAM/FDA, 2006 e o perfil de micronutrientes (vit. A, Fe e Zn) através de metodologia da AOAC, 2005. Os resultados indicaram que os índices de contaminação para os metais pesados estavam abaixo do determinado pela Divisão Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária de Alimentos (Portaria 685/98) e as condições higiênico-sanitárias das preparações de sururu com e sem leite de coco também foram consideradas satisfatórias de acordo com a legislação em vigor. As concentrações de vit. A, Fe e Zn demonstraram que o sururu, com e sem leite de coco, apresentam teores de ferro superiores ao da carne bovina, além de ser uma boa fonte de Zn, apesar de seus teores serem menores que o observado na carne. Ambas as preparações de sururu não foram consideradas fontes de vitamina A.

FEITOSA, Hernandes de Oliveira. Crescimento e extração de nutrientes pelo abacaxizeiro cv. Vitória sob doses crescentes de micronutrientes em dois tipos coberturas do solo. 2010. 108 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Progrma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-07-06T14:31:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_hofeitosa.pdf: 1180395 bytes, checksum: d719c929f5c03ee702854e2e97e45973 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-07-06T14:31:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_hofeitosa.pdf: 1180395 bytes, checksum: d719c929f5c03ee702854e2e97e45973 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T14:31:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_hofeitosa.pdf: 1180395 bytes, checksum: d719c929f5c03ee702854e2e97e45973 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Foliar fertilizing has become very significant, in recent years, due to the necessity of supplying crops with micronutrients, especially crops of high economic value such as pineapple. We evaluated the vegetative performance and micronutrient absorption by the Victoria (cv) pineapple, under escalating levels of nutrients applied through foliar fertilizing and soil fertilizing and cultivated in soil covered either with waxless carnauba chaff or plastic in the climatic conditions in the Perímetro Irrigado Baixo Acaraú, state of Ceará, Brazil . We conducted two field experiments, one in soil covered with black plastic and the other in soil covered with carnauba chaff, arranged in a randomized block design in split-split plot with four levels of fertilization with FTE-12, four levels of foliar fertilization and four time intervals with five replications. The Vitória (cv) pineapple was grown in double rows spaced 0.9 m x 0.4 m x 0.3 m. The treatments applied in the plots were 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg of FTE-12 per hectare, and the tratments applied in the subplots were: T1 (no fertilization), T2 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 540,75 g ha-1 of Fe, 394,17 g ha-1of Mn, 182,7 g ha-1 of Zn, 150,57 g ha-1 of Cu e 100,8 g ha-1 of B), T3 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 1081,5 g ha- 1 of Fe, 788,34 g ha-1 of Mn, 365,4 g of Zn, 301,14 g of Cu e 201,6 g of B) and T4 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 2163,0 g ha-1 of Fe, 1182,51 g ha-1 of Mn, 548,1 g ha-1 of Zn, 451,71 g ha-1 of Cu e 302,4 g ha-1 of B) in the nutrient solution, taking as standard the modified Murashige and Skoog nutrient solution (1962), applied right after planting (0 days) and then 90 days, 180 days and 270 days after planting (DAP). Plant height, leaf area, plant dry matter, root dry weight, root/shoot ratio, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, liquid assimilation rate and the leaf concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn , and B were all evaluated in both experiments. The results showed that the applications of micronutrients did influence positively the vegetative of the plants over time, so that the highest dose of fertilizer either with FTE-12 or with foliar fertilization showed the best development at the 270th day after planting, without, however, reaching a point of maximum. In other words, the maximal doses granted higher values for the monitored plant growth variables, but did not reach a maximum point, indicating that the culture could respond positively to even higher doses of micronutrients. / A adubação foliar nos últimos anos vem se tornando bastante expressiva, devido ao suprimento de micronutrientes, principalmente, em culturas de alto valor econômico como o abacaxizeiro. Avaliou-se o desempenho vegetativo e a absorção de micronutrientes pelo abacaxizeiro Vitória, sob doses crescentes de micronutrientes aplicados via solo e adubação foliar cultivado em solo coberto com bagana de carnaúba e plástico nas condições climáticas do Perímetro Irrigado Baixo Acaraú, CE. Foram conduzidos em campo dois experimentos, um em solo coberto com plástico preto e outro com bagana, tomado por um delineamento em blocos casualizados em parcelas subsubdividida, com quatro níveis de adubação com FTE-12 , quatro níveis de adubação foliar, e quatro épocas com cinco repetições. O abacaxizeiro Vitória foi cultivado em fileiras duplas no espaçamento de 0,9 m x 0,4m x 0,3 m. Os tratamentos utilizados nas parcelas foram: 0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1 de FTE-12 e nas subparcelas foram: T1(Sem adubação), T2 (9 adubações foliares usando um total de 540,75 g ha-1 de Fe, 394,17 g ha-1de Mn, 182,7 g ha-1 de Zn, 150,57 g ha-1 de Cu e 100,8 g ha-1 de B); T3 (9 adubações foliares usando um total de 1081,5 g ha-1 de Fe, 788,34 g ha-1 de Mn, 365,4 g de Zn, 301,14 g de Cu e 201,6 g de B) e T4 (9 adubações foliares usando um total de 2163,0 g ha-1 de Fe, 1182,51 g ha-1 de Mn, 548,1 g ha-1 de Zn, 451,71 g ha-1 de Cu e 302,4 g ha-1 de B) da solução nutritiva, tomando como padrão a solução nutritiva de Murashige e Skoog modificada (1962), nas épocas de 0, 90, 180 e 270 dias após plantio (DAP). Em ambos os experimentos foram avaliados altura da planta, área foliar, massa seca da planta, peso seco da raiz, relação raiz /parte aérea, taxas de crescimento absoluto, relativa e de assimilação líquida e os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, e B nas folhas. Os resultados demonstraram que as doses de micronutrientes influenciaram de forma positiva o desempenho vegetativo das plantas aolongo do tempo, sendo que a maior dose de adubação tanto com FTE-12 quanto com adubação foliar apresentou melhor desenvolvimento aos 270 DAP, porém, não chegando ao ponto de máximo. As doses máximas permitiram maiores valores para altura da planta, área foliar, massa seca da planta, peso seco da raiz, taxas de crescimento absoluto, relativa e de assimilação líquida e os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, e B nas folhas, porém, não chegando a um ponto de máximo, indicando que a cultura responde a doses maiores dos nutrientes.