[pt] A pesquisa tem por foco a análise da atuação da Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (AIEA) no que se refere ao programa nuclear iraniano. Para tal, utilizamos a teorização de Edward Said em O orientalismo (1978), como modo de argumentarmos a existência de representações de alteridade sobre o Irã, que constroem este Estado como uma ameaça à estabilidade e à paz internacionais. Selecionamos para este trabalho os discursos de Estados Unidos, Israel e Arábia Saudita, por considerarmos estes os Estados mais interessados em manter o Irã afastado da tecnologia nuclear. Estes Estados constroem discursivamente representações de alteridade e risco sobre o Irã, como forma de argumentar que os demais Estados e a AIEA devem se mobilizar para evitar que o Estado xiita adquira a tecnologia nuclear. Nossa pesquisa tem como foco a análise do tratamento do contencioso iraniano na AIEA, de modo a identificarmos se os discursos de alteridade relativos ao Irã alteram o comportamento da agência. Para tal, testaremos se o secretariado da AIEA cumpre as normas estabelecidas no regime internacional de não-proliferação nuclear, mantendo-se na esfera técnica, ou se os discursos de alteridade construídos pelos Estados selecionados modificam seu comportamento, tornando suas decisões mais rígidas com relação ao Irã. / [en] This dissertation analyses the role played by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the Iranian nuclear program. As theoretical grounds, we shall employ Edward Said`s framework presented in Orientalism (1978) so as to debate the existence of alterity representations regarding Iran which depict this state as a menace to international peace and stability. For this research, we have selected speeches by the United States, Israel and Saudi Arabia, for we consider these the states most interested in keeping Iran away from nuclear technology. Through discourse, these states build representations of alterity and threat concerning Iran, as a means to argue that all other states along with the IAEA must mobilize so as to prevent the Shiite state from acquiring nuclear technology. This research shall assess how Iran`s litigious was dealt with by the IAEA with a view to identifying if the alterity discourses regarding Iran have altered the agency`s behavior. Thus, we shall investigate if the IAEA secretariat abides by the norms established by the nuclear non-proliferation international regime, limiting itself to the technical sphere, or if the alterity discourses built by the selected states modify its behavior, rendering its decisions towards Iran more stringent.

In this dissertation, I argue that transnational elites within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have been integrated within a Transnational Capitalist Class (TCC) economically, militarily and politically through relationships that transcend the boundaries of the nation-state. These relationships exist within the context of a global capitalist structure of accumulation that is dependent on the maintenance of a repressive state apparatus in the GCC. There have been few attempts to analyze the relationships that Middle Eastern political and economic elites have developed with global elite networks. This work fills an important gap in the scholarly literature by linking the political and economic power of the GCC elites to transnational capitalist class actors in the U.S. and Western Europe. The TCC is comprised of actors who derive their wealth and power from ownership of production or financial activities on a global scale. The embeddedness of GCC elites within the TCC came with the de-centralization of capital accumulation occurring from the 1970s through the present that has linked regional and local capitalists to the ownership activities of transnational capitalist firms. The GCC is an important case study for analyzing the structure and consequences the current phase of globalization due to its relative vi importance in providing resources and financing for transnational globalization. Therefore this project contributes to our assessment of the role played by transnational elites in the GCC and the regional and global consequences of their power struggles based in part on a theoretical framework derived from Neo-Gramscianism.

The topic of this thesis is the question of EU's involvement in the resolution of the Middle East conflict (in a narrower sense the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians) and the survey of common positions and differences of the EU and other significant participants (especially the USA and the USSR/Russia). The ultimate objective is to assess the contribution and role of the EU in the whole process based on its analysis. The first part of the thesis outlines the evolution of the Middle East conflict from the creation of the State of Israel up to the present (May 2008), the second part deals with the analysis of West European states' and EU's approach towards the Peace Process and the the third part contains a comparison of the EU's positions with selected key participants (the USA and the USSR/Russia).

Orientador: Cassiano Sydown Quilici / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T23:41:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Olmos_AlinedeAlmeida_M.pdf: 2978523 bytes, checksum: 410b9d0b7e38a48a9003d23bf6805b13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Este trabalho pretende analisar a maneira própria com que o grupo de teatro francês Théâtre du Soleil se relaciona e é influenciado por tradições teatrais orientais. Com esse objetivo procura-se estabelecer como a relação do grupo com diversas dessas tradições se desenvolveu a partir de um panorama que abarca todas as criações teatrais de Ariane Mnouhckine, diretora da companhia, desde antes da fundação do Théâtre du Soleil até a peça Et soudain des nuits d¿éveil, de 1997. Posteriormente analisa-se o objeto de estudo específico dessa pesquisa, o espetáculo Tambours sur la digue, criado em 1999, buscando-se identificar, em seu processo criativo, os mecanismos e abordagens próprias da companhia no que diz respeito a sua forma particular de apropriação e tratamento de suas referências teatrais orientais. Nesse ponto destaca-se a importância da relação estabelecida com tais tradições chamada de "relação imaginada" e a partir do detalhamento desse conceito evidencia-se as particularidades da companhia no tratamento dessa questão. Ao final dessa dissertação busca-se aprofundar as particularidades da companhia descobertas propondo um diálogo com outras abordagens interculturais de outros artistas, teóricos e críticos teatrais / Abstract: This study aims to examine the way in which the French theater group Théâtre du Soleil relates to and is influenced by Oriental theatrical traditions. To this end we seek to understand how the group¿s relationship with many of these traditions has developed, establishing a panorama that encompasses all theatrical creations held by the director of the company, Ariane Mnouhckine, from before the foundation of Théâtre du Soleil to the play Et soudain des nuits d'éveil, presented in 1997. Afterwards, we establish an analysis of the subject matter of the research, the play Tambours sur la digue, in which we seek to identify, within its creative process, the mechanisms and the approaches of the company regarding their particular manners of managing and handling eastern theatrical references. At this point it is emphasized the importance of the relationship with those traditions through an explanation of the concept of "Imagined Relationship", whose detailing evidences the particularities of the company¿s treatment of this issue. At the end of the dissertation, we seek to further develop the peculiarities of the company that were discovered, proposing a dialogue with other intercultural approaches held by artists, theorists and theater critics / Mestrado / Teatro, Dança e Performance / Mestra em Artes da Cena

Este trabalho trata de mostrar que nem todos os árabes eram nômades e que mesmo estes desempenharam um importante papel no desenvolvimento social, cultural e artístico da antiguidade pré-islâmica, pois foram eles os responsáveis pela transmissão e conhecimentos existentes na época, e que colocaram em contato os pontos mais distantes desta vasta região. Também os árabes sedentários participaram ativamente do processo político desta área durante o império romano, parta, e mais tarde sassânida e bizantino. A pesquisa acentua o fato da arquitetura do Islão ter sido formada a partir das tradições regionais das populações islamizadas e de sua obediência e entendimento de um livro religioso, o Alcorão, que regulou a sociedade, e em decorrência a sua maneira de ver o mundo e de se relacionar com o espaço e com as expressões artísticas. A análise dos eventos históricos, das técnicas construtivas e dos edifícios da região estudada [os paises do norte da África, e do Oriente Médio (península arábica, crescente fértil, Irã) tratou de demonstrar o desdobramento que teve na construção do edifício escolhido como representativo da arquitetura árabe e que foi o objeto de análise, a mesquita de Ibn Tülün. Além disso, mostra que durante o primeiro período da expansão islâmica, houve uma intensa fusão de culturas. Esta situação fez com que toda esta região sob a expansão mulçumana se comportasse de maneira similar a da Antigüidade, ou seja, como uma ponte onde trafegaram correntes de pensamento e cultura entre os extremos, o Ocidente e o Oriente Médio. Esta foi uma época de intensa urbanização e fundação de novas cidades e é dentro deste processo de fusão de culturas, que as cidades vão se construindo e dentro delas, os seus principais edifícios, no caso da cidade muçulmana, a mesquita. / This work shows that nor all the Arabs were nomadic and even they had played an important role in the social development, cultural and artistic of pre-Islamic antiquity, because they had been responsible for the transmission and knowledge at this time, and that they had put in contact the points most distant of this vast region. Also the sedentary Arabs had participated actively of the politic process of this area during the Roman empire, Parthian, and later Sassanid and Byzantine. The research points out the fact of the Islamic architecture have been formed from the regional traditions of the muslim populations and their obedience and agreement of a religious book, the Quran, that dictated directions for the society, and so its way of seeing the world and dealing with the space and the artistic expressions. The analysis of the historical events, the building techniques of the studied region [the north African countries, and the Middle East (Arabian peninsula, the Fertile Crescent, Iran) it demonstrated the unfolding that it had in the construction of the chosen building as representative of the Arab architecture and it was the analysis object, the Ibn Tülün mosque. Moreover, it shows that during the first moment of the islamic expansion, there had been an intense fusing of cultures. This situation did with this whole area under the Muslim expansion behaved itself in a similar way of the Antiquity, that is, like a bridge where thought and culture crossed from a point to another, the Western and the Middle East. This was a time of intense urbanization and foundation of new cities and it is inside of this process of fusion of cultures, the cities are building and within them, their main building, in the case of the Muslim city, the Mosque.

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Analyzing the effect of military expenditure on economic growth has been an essential task for U.S economists. This thesis analyzed macroeconomic components for the last 70 years by estimating the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model and vector autoregressive model. To interpret the empirical analysis, historical analysis of the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Wars in the Middle East, was made. One found the negative effect of military spending during wartime on the economic growth of the United States. This thesis suggests that the policymakers and military commanders should focus on shortening the state of war to minimize economic damage to the United States. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

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Dust-climate interaction over the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has long been studied, as it is the "dustiest" region on earth. However, the quantitative and qualitative understanding of the role of dust direct radiative effect on MENA climate is still rudimentary. The present dissertation investigates dust direct radiative effect on MENA climate during summer with a special emphasis on the sensitivity of climate response to dust shortwave absorption, which is one of the most uncertain components of dust direct radiative effect. Simulations are conducted with and without dust radiative effect, to differentiate the effect of dust on climate. To elucidate the sensitivity of climate response to dust shortwave absorption, simulations with dust assume three different cases of dust shortwave absorption, representing dust as a very efficient, standard and inefficient shortwave absorber. The non-uniformly distributed dust perturb circulations at various scales. Therefore, the present study takes advantage of the high spatial resolution capabilities of an Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM), High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM), which incorporates global and regional circulations. AMIP-style global high-resolution simulations are conducted at a spatial resolution of 25 km. A significant response in the strength and position of the local Hadley circulation is predicted in response to meridionally asymmetric distribution of dust and the corresponding radiative effects. Significant responses are also found in regional circulation features such as African Easterly Jet and West African Monsoon circulation. Consistent with these dynamic responses at various scales, the tropical rainbelt across MENA strengthens and shifts northward. Similarly, the temperature under rainbelt cools and that over subtropical deserts warms. Inter-comparison of various dust shortwave absorption cases shows that the response of the MENA tropical rainbelt is extremely sensitive to the strength of shortwave absorption. Further analyses reveal that the sensitivity of the rainbelt stems from the sensitivity of the multi-scale circulations that define the rainbelt. Importantly, the summer precipitation over the semi-arid strip south of Sahara, including Sahel, increases in response to dust radiative effect. The maximum response and sensitivity are predicted over this region. The sensitivity of the responses over Sahel, especially that of precipitation, is comparable to the mean state. Locally, the precipitation increase reaches up to 50% of the mean, while dust is assumed to be a very efficient absorber. As the region is characterized by the "Sahel drought", the predicted precipitation sensitivity to the dust loading over this region has a wide-range of socioeconomic implications. The present study, therefore, suggests the importance of reducing uncertainty in dust shortwave absorption for a better simulation and interpretation of the MENA climate in general, and of Sahel in particular.