Since the early 2000s, the European Union evolved a policy of externalization of management of migration into its territory. The externalization policy makes migrant transit countries neighboring the EU a frontier of EU migration control. As a significant jumping-off point of the Central Mediterranean Route for EU-bound migrants, and given its weak state structure, Libya is a fundamental component of the EU externalization policy. In enforcing the EU externalization policy through EU-funded and supported interception and detention of EUbound migrants, Libya's authorities have systematically abused migrants. This study examined the responsibility of the European Union for the abuses of migrants in Libya. The study relied on the theory of state responsibility to argue that the EU is responsible for the abuses of migrants by Libyan authorities pursuant to the implementation of the EU externalization policy. This study is a single case study that relied on content analysis to make inferences from the corpus of documents retrieved mainly from EU institutions and international human rights organizations' reports. The result shows that the EU relied on cooperation agreements like the Memorandum of Understanding 2017 and the Malta Declaration 2017 to train Libyan Coastal security, provide logistics, share information on migrants’ boats, and fund the interception, detention, and abuse of thousands of migrants by Libyan authorities. Considering the weak state institutions in Libya, the abuse of migrants in Libya, and the responsibility of the EU to immigrants under its own laws and international conventions, the study recommends that the European Union reassess its engagement with Libya in the area of migrants’ interception and detention, with a view to providing for migrants detention in the EU where their rights are more recognized.

This study aims to analyze the underlying factors and barriersinfluencing undocumented adults' access to healthcare in Sweden. By focusing on the experiences of five respondents associated with the Swedish Red Cross, the essay seeks to shed light on and enhance the understanding of the limitations faced by undocumented adults, regarding their access to healthcare in Sweden. This study has a qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews. The studyaddresses three theories for understanding the factors and barriers that affect the access to healthcare by using Goffman (1963) stigma, Young (2011) social justice and Rothstein (2003) trust and social contract theory. The result of the study shows insights information from five respondents of the factors affecting undocumented adults' healthcare access in Sweden. The study ultimately reveals that stigmatization, trust, fear, and social networks are underlying factors that impact the access to healthcare for undocumented adults in Sweden. Additionally,socio-economic barriers are identified as limiting the opportunities for undocumented adults to access healthcare in Sweden. The research highlights that these challenges are not merely individual choices or priorities but rather a result of complex factors and structural impediments. Therefore, addressing the obstacles and underlying factors requires a collective approach to observe and understand the root causes affecting the access to healthcare in Swedenfor undocumented adults.

Background: In the past ten years over one million people have immigrated to Sweden, which sets high demands on healthcare personnel. However, the healthcare still must consider the law about patient safety, which means that the healthcare must be carried out on the patient's terms. For this to work communication is necessary. An interpreter is therefor required.  Aim: To summarize previous research concerning the patient's experiences in the case of using of interpreter. Method: A literature study of ten scientific articles with qualitative design. The articles came from PubMed. Result: Analyses show that the patients experienced the use of interpreters differently and could be divided into four categories; patient participation, powerlessness, security and confidence and feelings of shame.  Conclusion: Concerning patients experiences when using an interpreter many patients focused on the interpreter's reception. An unexpected finding was feelings of shame in connection with interpreters, these feelings can be a barrier in the nurses aim to perform patient centered care. There is also a lack of research regarding patients' experiences in connection with interpreters, especially concerning long term care consequences.

This thesis examines the concept of solidarity and how it can contribute to the understanding of the criminalisation of those who provide humanitarian assistance to undocumented migrants in Europe. It also looks at acts of resistance against such criminalisation. Alternative explanations are explored on the basis of theories of solidarity, previous research and collection of material from international and European institutions on the legal situation within the European Union. Particular attention is given to illustrative cases focusing primarily on the more or less publicly acceptable provision of healthcare and the less publicly acceptable provision of housing. Criminalisation can be understood in the light of exclusive solidarity only for those with citizenship or residence permit and as a part of immigration enforcement by deterring those who want to help and therefore discouraging irregular migrants from staying in the EU. Resistance against such criminalisation is built locally, on the basis of solidarity with undocumented migrants that are relatable and familiar, which also explains why solidarity is harder to achieve on a national and European level. Resistance against criminalisation is also built on faith, dignity and other grounds such as cost-benefit estimates for cities tackling issues such as social inclusion and public health.

No / Boat people, whether refugees or migrants, are protected by special provisions in custom and law relating to safety and rescue at sea. At the same time, the governments of coastal states have expressed concern about the arrival of boat people and have been robust in depicting and treating them as a threat. The questions addressed in this article are: how and why have boat people been regarded as a threat, and what challenges does this treatment present for the humanitarian regime at sea? The article connects two dimensions of the issue. First it deconstructs the prevailing images and discourse surrounding boat people that contribute to securitizing them as a threat. Securitization is defined as the process by which issues are identified, labelled and reified as threats to a community, often by politicians for electoral gain. Second, the article argues that this securitization challenges the maritime regime, which is infused with humanitarian values based on solidarity among seafarers. Both short and long-term remedies might be considered. The immediate requirement is to ensure not only that asylum seekers at sea continue to be rescued and protected but also that the maritime regime is strengthened to facilitate their arrival at a place of safety. Over the longer term, de-securitizing the issue of asylum seekers and boat people requires action to address perceptions in destination states.

Yes / This study explores the impact of city-specific factors on skilled migrants’ career capital within the intelligent career framework. It compares global and secondary cities as distinct career landscapes and examines how differently they shape development and utilisation of three ways of knowing (knowing-how, knowing-whom and knowingwhy). Findings from 82 qualitative interviews with skilled migrants in global (London) and secondary (Newcastle) UK cities explain the importance of cities at an analytical level, as skilled migrants’ careers were differently constrained and enabled by three groups of city-specific factors: labour market, community and lifestyle. By exploring the two types of cities in career context, this article contributes to developing an interdisciplinary dialogue and problematises careers as a relational and contextually embedded phenomenon. Limitations and recommendations are discussed.

No

Yes

Yes / Forced migrant women are increasingly becoming destitute whilst pregnant. Destitution may exacerbate their poor underlying physical and mental health. There is little published research that examines this, and studies are needed to ensure midwifery care addresses the specific needs of these women. This study aimed to explore vulnerable migrant women's lived experience of being pregnant and destitute. Six in-depth individual interviews with forced migrant women who had been destitute during their pregnancy were conducted over one year. A lack of food and being homeless impacted on women's physical and mental health. Women relied on support from the voluntary sector to fill the gaps in services not provided by their local authorities. Although midwives were generally kind and helpful, there was a limit to how they could support the women. There is a gap in support provided by local authorities working to government policies and destitute migrant pregnant women should not have to wait until 34 weeks gestation before they can apply for support. Home office policy needs to change to ensure pregnant migrant women receive support throughout their pregnancy.

Donald Trump has made various claims and statements throughout his campaigns targeting migrants to the United States, specifically those entering illegally. From phrases that nearly replicate ones made by individuals who have led mass-dehumanization efforts in the past, such as Adolf Hitler, to policies that will displace millions of individuals and rip families apart. It can be determined that Donald Trump is dehumanizing immigrants with his rhetoric and plans for action. If Donald Trump is elected to be President of the United States, he plans to enact mass deportation efforts, removing illegal migrants who have been residing in the United States, removing citizen status from current and future children of illegal immigrants, and constructing a strict border policy which will make it even more difficult to legally enter the United States and obtain a green card. This thesis aims to define dehumanization based on David Livingstone Smith’s definition, give specific examples of Trump’s language, and ultimately analyze and determine if he is dehumanizing immigrants with harmful rhetoric