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A geografia militar no Brasil: a questão da defesa nacional / The military geography in Brazil: the solution of national territory defenseFilipe Giuseppe Dal Bo Ribeiro 30 September 2015 (has links)
O presente trabalho apresenta as questões a cerca da Geografia Militar e da Questão da Defesa do território nacional, estabelecendo uma profunda relação entre elas. Sobre o primeiro conceito, a Geografia Militar, construímos uma linha teórica que apresenta a ideia de que a necessidade de se defender ou de atacar passa pela questão do espaço geográfico e da história. A Geografia Militar no Brasil pode ser analisada a partir dos antigos relatos e documentos sobre batalhas se estruturando uma pequena história da geografia militar no Brasil. A influência da política portuguesa e ibérica nas movimentações do território colonial é um verdadeiro vertedouro de pequenos debates envolvendo a geografia geral e a geografia do teatro de operações de Guerra. No século XIX, nasce a Geografia Militar como disciplina e mais tarde como campo de estudo das ciências militares, sendo amplamente modernizada pelo desenvolvimento da Geografia Geral. Depois da Guerra do Paraguai, a Geografia aparece no currículo dos cursos de formação dos oficiais brasileiros. No começo do século XX, Euclides da Cunha escreve Os Sertões e a geografia, a antropologia, estratégia e tática aparecem em muitos casos como centrais nas análises da Guerra de Canudos, se tornando a obra prima da Geografia Militar brasileira. No início do século XX, Paula Cidade traz a questão da Geografia Militar na discussão da modernização do exército nacional, mas a disciplina é preterida diante das questões Geopolíticas. Atualmente, diante da luta contra o imperialismo crescente, a questão da Geografia Militar se apresenta novamente. / The current work shows questions about the military geography and the defense of the national territory, establishing a deep relationship among them. Concerning the first concept, the military geography, we built a theoretical line that depicts the idea that the need to defend or attack involves the question of geographical space and history. Military geography in Brazil can be analysed beginning with ancient descriptions and documents about battles structuring a small history of the military geography in Brazil. The influence of the portuguese and iberian politics in the colonial territory is a real source of small debates involving general geography and the geography of the war theater of operations. In the 19th century, the military geography becomes an academic subject and later on a study field for military sciences, being widely modernized by the development of general geography. After the Paraguay war, geography becomes part of the study program for the brazilian officer graduation. Early in the twentieth century, Euclides da Cunha writes Rebellion in the Backlands (Os Sertões) and geography, anthropology , strategy and tactics get an outstanding importance in the analyses of the Canudos War (Guerra de Canudos), becoming the masterpiece of the brazilian military geography. Early in the twentieth century, Paula Cidade brings the military geography to the discussion of the modernization of the National Army, but this subject is left aside because of geopolitical questions. Nowadays, due to the fight against the growing imperialism, questions involving the military geography rise again.
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Requirements for Cross Country Movement in Land WarfareWicander, Mårten January 2018 (has links)
In modern military operations, the usage of command, control and communication systems is ever increasing, where Geographical Information Systems are used to increase the commanders’ situational awareness. The use of cross-country movement models in a Geographical Information System can further aid commanders in their decision-making and narrow down possible advancements on the battlefield. This study’s purpose is to examine the Czech Republic’s available methods for presenting cross-country movement in a geographical information system, to recognize what procedures the Swedish Armed Forces have to conduct in the future to have equivalent or better ability in calculating and presenting cross-country movement. In order to determine this, Swedish geodata has been analysed with a simplified Czech cross-country model and compared to an extended analysis made in the Czech Republic. The method for information gathering was literature studies in the field of geography and cross-country movement, collection of geodata from the Swedish authority Lantmäteriet and two interviews about Swedish geodata and the current situation with Geographical Information Systems in the Swedish Armed Forces. The result shows that the available digital elevation model over Sweden is not accurate enough and that the vegetation database is limited. However, the available geodata over soil is adequate enough in structure to use in cross-country movement models. The author’s suggestion for the Swedish Armed Forces is to determine domestic trafficability parameters and create models that consider Sweden’s specific geographical conditions, with use of similar models that the Czech Republic uses. Further research should focus on investigating necessary parameters and how the cross-country models can be incorporated in a command, control and communication system.
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Using Digital and Historical Gazetteers to Geocode French Airborne Operations during the French Indochina War.Cromley, Gordon A. January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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The evaluation of computer based training as a method of teaching map reading in a military contextConradie, Anje 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Map reading forms an integral part of every soldier's training. Although all troops
are exposed to map reading during basic training, they thereafter do not
frequently work with maps on a daily basis, but are still required to apply this
knowledge during field exercises or combat situations. Various forms of training
are available. Computer Based Training (CBT) is a technique that may
contribute to the improved acquisition and retention of knowledge when the
subject matter requires of students to visualise concepts, as CBT engages
multiple senses. CBT incorporates principles from the Component Display
Theory and Constructivism, which suggest that CBT might result in superior map
reading competencies when used as an alternative to conventional, classroom
based, map reading instruction.
.The objective of this study was firstly to determine whether CBT, compared to
conventional classroom instruction, enhances the acquisition of knowledge when
teaching users how to read a two-dimensional (2D) map. In addition, the study
had as its objective to determine whether CBT leads to improved retention of 2D
map reading knowledge over a one month period when compared to
conventional instruction. Finally the study aimed to determine the factors that
influence learning when using CBT as the training medium.
A basic randomised, between subjects research design, was used to test the
hypotheses that eBT would result in the improved acquisition and retention of 2D
map reading competencies. The control group consisted of 30 students and the
experimental CBT group of 29 students. All subjects were personnel from the
School of Armour of the South African National Defence Force. With regards to
map training, the majority of the students had exposure to Geography up to
grade 12 or further training. A new training programmewas designed. The programmewas developed in two
equivalent formats, one appropriate for conventional classroom instruction
(control group), and a eBT format for the experimental group. Each student
received two manuals. One was a self-study manual that had to be completed
before commencing with the course, and the other was received on the first day
of the course. Both the trainers also received a manual that contained all the
correct answers to the map reading problems forming part of the programme.
The eBT programme was designed on paper with the help of a template for the
storyboard. A lesson was designed for each day of the course, but students
could review any lesson previously studied. Before the students started with
lesson 1, they had to complete a test on the computer to determine the extent to
which they have acquired the information in the self-study manual. After passing
the test the students could select lesson 1. A mind-map was designed for each
lesson to help students orientate themselves.
For both groups the information studied was placed in the context of "Operation
Night Owl", an interactive practical mission. The eBT group had the computer as
a guide, providing textured maps and possible answers.
Three tests were used to evaluate the students and to gather data regarding their
performance. The students were not informed about these tests as the
researcher wanted to measure natural acquisition and retention, and not the
amount of time that they had studied.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the two groups did not differ
statistically significantly (p>,05) in their initial degree of map reading knowledge.
The average test percentage increased from the pre-test to the first post-test
(knowledge acquisition), indicating that the class group increased by 15,2 % and
the eBT group by 19 %. Hypothesis 1 states that eBT in comparison to
traditional instruction enhances the acquisition of map reading knowledge when teaching users how to read a 2D map. The difference between the class and
eBT means for post-test 1 (knowledge acquisition) was, however, statistically
insignificant (p>,05).
A comparison of the means of the post-test 2 (retention) results of the class and
eBT groups clearly indicates that the performance levels retained one month
after training, also do not differ statistically significantly (p>,05). The study
therefore also fails to corroborate the hypothesis that eBT would result in the
greater retention of map reading knowledge when compared to conventional
classroom instruction.
Based on the results found when eBT results were compared with the traditional
classroom technique, it may be advisable to combine classroom teaching with
eBT. During the completion of the mission segment of the course, students
tended to form natural groups to complete the questions. As working together
may result in better understanding of new information (peers learn from each
other), it is therefore recommended that the eBT map-reading course be
combined with more discussion groups.
In conclusion, the results do not suggest that eBT is a superior training technique
for the teaching of map reading competencies. Numerous literature sources
however do indicate that eBT can contribute significantly to the learning
experience, making it still plausible that eBT could indeed, upon further
refinement of the programme, contribute to teaching of map reading
competencies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kaartlees vorm 'n integrale deel van elke soldaat se opleiding. Alhoewel elke
soldaat blootgestel word aan kaartlees tydens basiese opleiding, word daar nie
op 'n daaglikse basis daarmee gewerk nie. Dit blyegter nodig om kaartlees
tydens veld-oefeninge en aanvalsituasies toe te pas.
Verskillende vorme van opleiding is beskikbaar t.o.v. die aanleer van
kaartleestegnieke. Rekenaargebaseerde Dnderrig (RGD) is 'n tegniek wat
veelvoudige gewaarwordinge insluit, en dus 'n bydrae tot beter leer en retensie
van kennis kan lewer, wanneer dit van die student verwag word om konsepte te
visualiseer. RGD sluit eienskappe van Komponent-tentoonstellingsteorie en
Konstruktiwiteitsteorie in wat tot verbeterde kaartlees bevoegdheid mag lei indien
dit as 'n alternatief tot die konvensionele klaskamer-gebaseerde kaartlees
gebruik word.
Die doel van die studie was eerstens om vas te stelof RGD, in vergelyking met
die konvensionele klaskamermetode, 'n groter bydra lewer in die leer en retensie
van kennis wanneer studente geleer word om 'n 2-dimensionele (2D)-kaart te
lees. Tweedens stel die studie dit ten doelom vas te stelof RGD, in vergelyking
met die konvensionele metode, tot verbeterde retensie van 2D-kaartlees kennis
oor 'n een-maand tydperk lei. Laastens beoog hierdie studie om vas te stel
watter faktore leer beïnvloed wanneer RGD as 'n opleidingsmedium gebruik
word.
'n Basiese, ewekansige, tussen-groep navorsingsontwerp is gebruik om die
hipotese dat RGD sal lei tot die verbeterde leer en retensie van 2D-kaartleesbevoegdhede,
te toets. Die kontrolegroep het bestaan uit 30 studente en die
eksperimentele RGD-groep uit 29 studente. Die steekproef was troepe van die
Pantserskool van die Suid Afrikaanse Weermag. Die meerderheid van die
steekproef het blootstelling aan Aardrykskunde tot graad 12 of verder gehad. 'n Nuwe opleidingsprogram is ontwerp. Die handleidings is ontwerp in 'n formaat
geskik vir konvensionele klaskamer instruksie (kontrole groep) so wel as 'n
formaat geskik vir RGO (eksperimentele groep). Elke student het twee
handleidings ontvang. Die een was 'n self-studiehandleiding wat voor die
aanvang van die kursus voltooi moes word, en die ander een is op die eerste dag
van die kursus ontvang. Albei die instrukteurs het ook 'n handleiding ontvang
wat die korrekte antwoorde rakende die kaartleesprobleme bespreek in die
program bevat het.
Die RGO program is op papier ontwerp met die hulp van 'n skermplaat. 'n Les is
uitgewerk vir elke dag van die kursus, maar studente kon enige van die vorige
behandelde lesse hersien. Voordat die studente met les 1 kon begin moes
elkeen eers 'n toets op die rekenaar voltooi om te bepaal hoeveel inligting in die
self-studie handleiding bemeester is. Sodra die toets geslaag is kon die student
les 1 selekteer 'n Skematiese voorstelling is vir elke les ontwerp om die studente
te help om hulleself te oriënteer.
Die inligting wat deur beide groepe bestudeer is, is in die konteks van "Operasie
Naguil", 'n interaktiewe praktiese opdrag, geplaas. Die RGO groep het 'n
rekenaar as 'n riglyn gehad wat getekstureerde kaarte en moontlike antwoorde
verskaf het.
Drie toetse is gebruik om die studente mee te evalueer en data aangaande hulle
vordering te verky. Die studente is nie ingelig oor die toetse nie aangesien die
navorser hulle natuurlike leer en retensie van kennis wou toets en nie kennis
verkry a.g.v. tyd spandeer aan studie nie.
Die variansie-ontleding (ANOVA) het aangedui dat die twee groepe se
kaartleeskennis aanvanklik nie statisties beduidend (p>,05) verskil het nie. Die
gemiddelde toetspersentasie vanaf die vooraf-toets tot die eerste na-toets (leer)
het getoon dat die klasgroep met 15,2% en die RGO groep met 19 % verbeter het. Die eerste hipotese het getoets of RGD tot In vebetering in leer en retensie
sal lei teenoor traditionele klasrnetodes. Die verskil tussen die klas en RGD
gemiddeld vir na-toets 1 (leer) was statisties onbeduidend (p>,05).
'n Vergelyking van die gemiddelds van die tweede na-toets (retensie) het ook nie
'n statisties beduidende verskil getoon nie (p>,05). Die studie slaag dus nie
daarin om te bewys dat RGO tot beter retensie van kaartleeskennis in
teenstelling met konvensionele klasonderrig lei nie.
Die resultate suggereer dat dit raadsaam mag wees om klasonderrig te
kombineer met RGO. Tydens die voltooiing van die missies het die studente 'n
neiging getoon om vanself groepe te vorm om die vrae te voltooi. As nuwe
inligting beter verstaan word deur in groepe saam te werk (groeplede leer by
mekaar), kan dit dus aanbeveel word dat die RGD kaartleeskursus gekombineer
word met meer besprekingsgroepe.
Ten slotte word daar nie bevind dat RGO In beter opleidingstegniek vir die
onderrig van kaartleestegniek is nie. Verskeie bronne dui wel daarop dat RGO 'n
betekenisvolle bydrae tot die leerondervinding kan lewer. Dus, met verdere
verbetering van die program, sou RGD wel moontlik kon bydra tot die onderrig
van kaartlees-bevoegdhede.
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Developing A Geographical Information System For The Gallipoli CampaignAyhan, Saglam 01 June 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Geographical Information System (GIS) is a very powerful technique which is used in solving different problems in various fields dealing with spatial information. It can also be used for analyzing wars and campaign. Today& / #8217 / s modern armies use GIS effectively for different purposes such as determining strategic points and planning attack and defense. GIS can also be used for past wars, and historical GIS includes these kinds of applications. In this study, GIS have been used for analyzing Gallipoli Campaign in the First World War. This campaign started in February on 1915 and Allied troops left the Gallipoli Peninsula on 9th January 1916. Gallipoli Campaign have very important role in Turkish and World history. This study includes two different parts about Gallipoli Campaign. In the first part, selected battles of the campaign are analyzed with different GIS functions. Selected battles are Naval, Ariburnu, Conkbayiri, and 2nd Kirte Battles, and they are selected based on the availability of graphic and attribute data. In the second part, relationship between martyrs and locations are studied. Distributions of the number of soldiers for different criteria, such as province, district, soldier rank, death location and age are shown on maps and pie charts.
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Géographie politique et militaire du réseau des bases aériennes françaises (1909-2012) / Political and military geography of the French air bases network (1909-2012)Aubout, Mickael 06 December 2013 (has links)
Les bases aériennes sont des éléments incontournables de la puissance aérienne car sans infrastructures dédiées, l’aviation militaire est inopérante. La répartition géographique des bases aériennes répond à des stratégies politiques, militaires mais également économiques. Elles en sont les traductions spatiales. De fait, organisées en réseaux, les bases aériennes concourent à définir la géostratégie aérienne. L’analyse spatiale et historique du réseau des bases aériennes françaises depuis le début du XXe siècle démontre la place prégnante de ce maillage dans la stratégie française et constitue le reflet de la perception de la France de son espace environnant. D’abord, le réseau illustre, dans la stratégie territoriale française, la prééminence d’une posture défensive du sanctuaire métropolitain, à l’origine d’une « France différenciée » dont le découpage territorial s’effectue selon la répartition des types de bases aériennes. Ensuite, le réseau des bases aériennes extra-métropolitaines, à la différence de sa consœur métropolitaine, n’est pas seulement régi par une stratégie de défense. Dans un premier temps, dans le cadre de sa politique coloniale, la France utilise son réseau comme instrument d’exploration, de contrôle et conservation de territoires ; puis, dans le cadre de sa politique étrangère, elle s’en sert comme d’un moyen de préservation de ses intérêts vitaux dans les pays étrangers et les territoires français d’outre-mer. / Air bases are inescapable elements of air power because without dedicated infrastructures, military aviation is ineffective. The geographical distribution of air bases answers political, military but also economic strategies. Air bases are the spatial translation of these strategies. In fact, air bases organized in networks contribute to define the air geostrategy. The spatial and historical analysis of the French air bases network since the beginning of the XXth century demonstrates the prominence of this web in the French strategy and reflects the French perception of its surrounding space. First the network illustrates the superiority of a defensive posture of the metropolitan sanctuary in the French territorial strategy, at the origin of a “differentiated France” sub-divided according to the distribution of various air base types. Then, the overseas air bases network, unlike its metropolitan counterpart, is not governed solely by a defense strategy. Within the colonial policy framework, France uses its network as instrument of exploration, control and preservation of territories. In addition, within the foreign policy framework, France uses it as of a means of conservation of its vital interests in foreign countries and French overseas territories.
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A training needs analysis into map use in a military contextPhilander, Elisca S. 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary objective of the South African National Defence force is the
protection of its citizens against external threats. The nature of the work,
especially in operational situations, very often causes members of the SANDF
to work in remote and unknown territory. The SANDF is composed of
different units such as the army, air force and navy. All of these units typically
control a specific aspect of the environment, especially in operational
situations, and is very often also geographically spread over a large area.
The battle commander would typically be in charge of all these units and must
direct and control them efficiently towards achieving their assigned mission.
In order to be an effective battle commander, the commander must thus be
able to understand the terrain that his/her units are operating in, and maps are
often the only information to base such understanding on. Map use is thus a
critical success factor in effective battle command, and also for every member
of the units navigating the often unknown terrain.
The aim of the study is to conduct an investigation into the status quo of map
use proficiency in the military, and specifically the South African National
Army. The investigation comprises the following:
• To conducting a detailed task analysis into map use in a military
context, in order to establish specific map use functions and related
skills regarded as critical in the military context.
• The development of a proficiency test, taking the form of a
questionnaire, based on the skills identified in the task analysis. Comparing the results of the questionnaire with map use skills
identified in the task analysis, to determine the level of map use
proficiency in military context.
The secondary aims of the study comprise the following:
• To investigate the level of map use training and determine if a need
exists in term of additional map use training in the military, based on
subjective opinions.
• To investigate the level of computer literacy and the need for formal
computer training in the military context.
The key conclusions of the study are the following:
• A gap between optimal and actual performance has been identified in
terms of map use in the military context.
• This gap can largely be attributed to insufficient structures and
processes within the military context to facilitate effective map use. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag is om die
burgers van die land te beskerm teen eksterne gevare. Die aard van die werk
veroorsaak dat soldate, tydens operasionele toestande, dikwels na
onbekende en vreemde areas verplaas ten einde bogenoemde primêre doel
te bereik. Die weermag bestaan tipies uit verskillende eenhede, wat elk
gefokus is op die verrigting van spesifieke funksies, en dikwels geografies
wyd versprei is. In gesamentlike operasies, is die operasie bevelvoerder
tipies in beheer van die verskillende eenhede en moet hy toesien dat hul
bewegings gekoordineer is ter bereiking van hul doel.
Die operasie bevelvoerder, ten einde die doelwit effektief te bereik, moet in
staat wees om die terrein waar die verskillende eenhede beweeg te ontleed,
en effektief tot doelbereiking kan benut. Kaarte is een van die primêre bronne
van inligting, ten einde die terrein te ontleed om dit sodoende tot voordeel te
kan gebruik. Effektiewe gebruik van kaarte is dus 'n kritieke faktor wat bydra
tot die sukses van die operasie bevelvoerder, asook vir feitlik elke lid binne die
verskillende eenhede wat deur dikwels onbekende terrein moet navigeer.
Die doelwitte van die studie is om 'n ondersoek in te stel na die status quo
met betrekking tot kaart-gebruiksvaardigheid in die Suid Afrikaanse Nasionale
Weermag. Die studie behels die volgende:
• 'n Omvattende taak-analise ten opsigte van die gebruik van kaarte in
die militêre konteks, om sodoende spesifieke funksies en verwante
vaardighede te identifiseer wat as kritiek vir die militêr beskou word.
• Om 'n vaardigheidstoets in 'n vraelys te inkorporeer, gebaseer op
bogenoemde geïdentifiseerde kaart-gebruiksvaardighede. • Om die resultate van die vaardigheids-toets te vergelyk met dié
geïdentifiseer in die taak-analise, om sodoende die vlak van kaartgebruiksvaardighede
te bepaal in die militêre konteks.
Die sekondêre doelwitte behels die volgende:
• 'n Ondersoek na die vlak van kaart-gebruiksopleiding en om te bepaal
of 'n behoefte bestaan na verdere kaart-gebruiksopleiding, gebaseer
op subjektiewe opinies.
• 'n Ondersoek na die vlak van rekenaargeletterdheid, en die behoefte
aan rekenaar-opleiding.
Die afleidings wat uit die studie gemaak kan word is die volgende:
• daar bestaan 'n prestasie-gaping tussen optimale and werklike
prestasie met betrekking tot die gebruik van kaarte in die militêre
konteks, en
• hierdie gaping kan grootliks toegeskryf word aan onvoldoende strukture
binne die miliêre konteks, wat nie kaart-gebruiksvaardighede fasiliteer
nie.
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A training needs analysis into map use in a military contextPhilander, Elisca S. 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary objective of the South African National Defence force is the
protection of its citizens against external threats. The nature of the work,
especially in operational situations, very often causes members of the SANDF
to work in remote and unknown territory. The SANDF is composed of
different units such as the army, air force and navy. All of these units typically
control a specific aspect of the environment, especially in operational
situations, and is very often also geographically spread over a large area.
The battle commander would typically be in charge of all these units and must
direct and control them efficiently towards achieving their assigned mission.
In order to be an effective battle commander, the commander must thus be
able to understand the terrain that his/her units are operating in, and maps are
often the only information to base such understanding on. Map use is thus a
critical success factor in effective battle command, and also for every member
of the units navigating the often unknown terrain.
The aim of the study is to conduct an investigation into the status quo of map
use proficiency in the military, and specifically the South African National
Army. The investigation comprises the following:
• To conducting a detailed task analysis into map use in a military
context, in order to establish specific map use functions and related
skills regarded as critical in the military context.
• The development of a proficiency test, taking the form of a
questionnaire, based on the skills identified in the task analysis. Comparing the results of the questionnaire with map use skills
identified in the task analysis, to determine the level of map use
proficiency in military context.
The secondary aims of the study comprise the following:
• To investigate the level of map use training and determine if a need
exists in term of additional map use training in the military, based on
subjective opinions.
• To investigate the level of computer literacy and the need for formal
computer training in the military context.
The key conclusions of the study are the following:
• A gap between optimal and actual performance has been identified in
terms of map use in the military context.
• This gap can largely be attributed to insufficient structures and
processes within the military context to facilitate effective map use. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag is om die
burgers van die land te beskerm teen eksterne gevare. Die aard van die werk
veroorsaak dat soldate, tydens operasionele toestande, dikwels na
onbekende en vreemde areas verplaas ten einde bogenoemde primêre doel
te bereik. Die weermag bestaan tipies uit verskillende eenhede, wat elk
gefokus is op die verrigting van spesifieke funksies, en dikwels geografies
wyd versprei is. In gesamentlike operasies, is die operasie bevelvoerder
tipies in beheer van die verskillende eenhede en moet hy toesien dat hul
bewegings gekoordineer is ter bereiking van hul doel.
Die operasie bevelvoerder, ten einde die doelwit effektief te bereik, moet in
staat wees om die terrein waar die verskillende eenhede beweeg te ontleed,
en effektief tot doelbereiking kan benut. Kaarte is een van die primêre bronne
van inligting, ten einde die terrein te ontleed om dit sodoende tot voordeel te
kan gebruik. Effektiewe gebruik van kaarte is dus 'n kritieke faktor wat bydra
tot die sukses van die operasie bevelvoerder, asook vir feitlik elke lid binne die
verskillende eenhede wat deur dikwels onbekende terrein moet navigeer.
Die doelwitte van die studie is om 'n ondersoek in te stel na die status quo
met betrekking tot kaart-gebruiksvaardigheid in die Suid Afrikaanse Nasionale
Weermag. Die studie behels die volgende:
• 'n Omvattende taak-analise ten opsigte van die gebruik van kaarte in
die militêre konteks, om sodoende spesifieke funksies en verwante
vaardighede te identifiseer wat as kritiek vir die militêr beskou word.
• Om 'n vaardigheidstoets in 'n vraelys te inkorporeer, gebaseer op
bogenoemde geïdentifiseerde kaart-gebruiksvaardighede. • Om die resultate van die vaardigheids-toets te vergelyk met dié
geïdentifiseer in die taak-analise, om sodoende die vlak van kaartgebruiksvaardighede
te bepaal in die militêre konteks.
Die sekondêre doelwitte behels die volgende:
• 'n Ondersoek na die vlak van kaart-gebruiksopleiding en om te bepaal
of 'n behoefte bestaan na verdere kaart-gebruiksopleiding, gebaseer
op subjektiewe opinies.
• 'n Ondersoek na die vlak van rekenaargeletterdheid, en die behoefte
aan rekenaar-opleiding.
Die afleidings wat uit die studie gemaak kan word is die volgende:
• daar bestaan 'n prestasie-gaping tussen optimale and werklike
prestasie met betrekking tot die gebruik van kaarte in die militêre
konteks, en
• hierdie gaping kan grootliks toegeskryf word aan onvoldoende strukture
binne die miliêre konteks, wat nie kaart-gebruiksvaardighede fasiliteer
nie.
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Military and Nature : An environmental history of Swedish military landscapesStrömsten, Henrik January 2016 (has links)
This thesis, an environmental history of a selected number of Swedish military training environments, is based on observation of military landscapes with a permanent presence of military-related objects and activities, all of which leave their traces in the environment, and how continued military activity is legitimised with environmental arguments. By also observing military policies and documents, I look into how the Swedish military frame their own training environments, and how ‘environmentalist’ discourses is adopted to justify past and present activities. The military landscapes must also be considered in a wider context of geopolitics and security; hence I also include an historical analysis of military land appropriation and defense policy in Sweden. An important contribution with this thesis, besides provide a Swedish context to studies of military landscapes, lies also in testing a historical ecological framework in analyses and methods when approaching research on military landscapes, as I consider this thesis as a pilot-project on Swedish military landscapes providing incentives for further studies. The Swedish military landscapes studied in this thesis have both a centennial and decadal presence of military activities. Some training sites such as Marma and Revinge, which are also Natura 2000 areas, have had a military presence since the 19th century, and the various military structures and buildings promote a kind of military biography, an identity tied to landscapes, reinforcing military presence. The presentation of military sites as ecological refuges for rare species and habitats is evident in the management plans for the studied landscapes. The way military space is understood, legitimised and produced from the perspectives of the military policy level is, as I will argue, centred on two core motivations. First, it is that military presence in a landscape is the product of a militarisation processes, considering a geopolitical context and defense policies. The military presence has long-term effects in form of an alteration of physical nature and development of a high biodiversity. Second, the long-term positive effects, enhances an environmentalist discourse within the military when it comes to legitimise past and present military space, and to justify a continued military presence in a landscape. / Denna uppsats, en miljöhistoria av ett utvalt antal svenska militära övningsområden, är baserat på en observation av militära landskap med en permanent närvaro av militärrelaterade objekt och aktiviteter vilka lämnar sina spår i miljön, och hur fortsatt militär aktivitet legitimeras genom miljöargument. Jag analyserar militära riktlinjer och dokument, för att se på hur svensk militär förhåller sig till dess övningsområden, och hur diskurser om miljövård används för att motivera fortsatt militär aktivitet. De militära landskapen bör studeras i en större geopolitisk säkerhetskontext; därför inkluderar jag också en historisk studie av svensk försvarspolitik och militära markanskaffningar. En viktig insats med denna uppsats, förutom att bidra med en svensk kontext till militära landskapsstudier, är att testa ett historiskt-ekologiskt ramverk i analys och metod vid studier av militära landskap då jag anser att denna uppsats är ett pilot-projekt för militära landskapsstudier i Sverige och ger incitament till vidare forskning i ämnet. De svenska militära landskapen som studeras här har upp till en hundraårig närvaro av militär aktivitet. Vissa övnings- och skjutfält såsom Marma och Revingehed, vilka också är Natura 2000- områden, har haft militär aktivitet sedan slutet av 1800- talet, och de varierande militära ytorna och byggnaderna främjar en militär biografi, en identitet knuten till landskapet, vilken förstärker fortsatt militär närvaro. Presentationen av de militära fälten som ekologiska refuger av sällsynta arter och habitat är uppenbar i skötsel- och vårdplanerna av de studerade landskapen. Sättet som det militära landskapet förstås, legitimeras och produceras ur militärperspektiv i policy och dokument är, som jag kommer argumentera, koncentrerade kring två faktorer. För det första, militär närvaro i ett landskap är ett resultat av en militariseringsprocess baserat på en geopolitisk kontext och försvarsbeslut. Militär närvaro har en långsiktig effekt i form av en förändring av den fysiska naturen och utvecklingen av en biologisk mångfald. För det andra, de långsiktiga positiva effekterna underbygger en naturvårdsdiskurs inom militären när det kommer till att motivera dåtida och nuvarande militär landskapsanvändning, och för att rättfärdiga en fortsatt militär närvaro.
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