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This study explores of how university students understand the relationship between a liberal arts undergraduate degree and becoming employment-ready. The study employs a phenomenological approach. Surveys and interviews of students were conducted on the Faculty of Arts and Science students at the St. George Campus of the University of Toronto. Supplementary data were obtained from National Survey of Student Engagement. By employing Bourdieu‟s theory of practice (especially with regard to capital, habitus and field), the study reveals how students went about preparing for the labour market differed by their social class, immigration status and race. Students‟ abilities to secure skill-enhancing extracurricular activities and maintaining high GPA scores appeared related to their cultural capital. Most racialized first generation students experienced levels of difficulties in securing skill-enhancing extracurricular skill activities and maintaining high GPAs, which affected their employment readiness, clarity about occupational direction and their entry to graduate studies. New immigrant students were least aware of the extracurricular activities needed to prepare for employment. The study concludes that most liberal arts undergraduate students are not ready for employment at the completion of their studies and that social class and race may be related to their ability to make themselves employment-ready

This study explores of how university students understand the relationship between a liberal arts undergraduate degree and becoming employment-ready. The study employs a phenomenological approach. Surveys and interviews of students were conducted on the Faculty of Arts and Science students at the St. George Campus of the University of Toronto. Supplementary data were obtained from National Survey of Student Engagement. By employing Bourdieu‟s theory of practice (especially with regard to capital, habitus and field), the study reveals how students went about preparing for the labour market differed by their social class, immigration status and race. Students‟ abilities to secure skill-enhancing extracurricular activities and maintaining high GPA scores appeared related to their cultural capital. Most racialized first generation students experienced levels of difficulties in securing skill-enhancing extracurricular skill activities and maintaining high GPAs, which affected their employment readiness, clarity about occupational direction and their entry to graduate studies. New immigrant students were least aware of the extracurricular activities needed to prepare for employment. The study concludes that most liberal arts undergraduate students are not ready for employment at the completion of their studies and that social class and race may be related to their ability to make themselves employment-ready

[pt] A ideia central, que subjaz essa tese, é de que a forma como um povo constrói, absorve e trabalha sua memória, entendida em sua dimensão sóciopolítica, é fundamental para a caracterização, reconhecimento e definição do espaço das relações políticas, sociais e, consequentemente, jurídicas desta comunidade. Toda lembrança, todo esquecimento, toda história narrada em público por um povo tem o poder de condicionar o espaço político vivenciado por esse povo e acaba por vincular suas promessas para o futuro. Diante do cenário brasileiro (marcadamente desigual, injusto, opressor), a presente tese foi construída a partir de uma reflexão pautada nas seguintes questões: os efeitos e consequências de um trabalho de memória coletiva na realidade política presente e na sua projeção para o futuro; o reconhecimento do passado, de forma a restituir a reabilitação social e a justiça das vítimas, possibilitando sua visibilidade e protagonismo social; o papel da narrativa (especialmente desde um olhar da vítima) em sua dimensão política e ética; o reconhecimento da tradição que foi recebida e a libertação para o futuro. / [fr] L idée centrale, sous-jacente à cette thèse, est que la façon dont un peuple construit, absorbe et travaille sa mémoire, comprise dans sa dimension sociopolitique, est fondamentale pour la caractérisation, la reconnaissance et la définition de l espace politique, social et par conséquent, juridique dans cette communauté. Chaque mémoire, chaque oubli, chaque histoire racontée en public par un peuple a le pouvoir de conditionner l espace politique vécue par ces personnes et finit par lier leurs promesses pour l avenir. Compte tenu du scénario brésilien (et sa realité inégal, injuste, oppressant), la thèse actuelle a été construite sur la base d une réflexion fondée sur les questions suivantes: les effets et les conséquences de la mémoire collective sur la réalité politique actuelle et sa projection pour l avenir; la reconnaissance du passé, afin de rétablir la réadaptation sociale et la justice des victimes, en permettant leur visibilité social; le rôle du récit (surtout du point de vue de la victime) dans sa dimension politique et éthique; la reconnaissance de la tradition reçue et la libération pour l avenir.

La présence définitive des minorités musulmanes sur les territoires de l'Union européenne est devenue une réalité. Cette présence massive et durable a changé le paysage religieux européen au XXe siècle. Mais le développement de la présence musulmane dans les pays de l'Union européenne est un processus hétérogène et loin d'être terminé en raison de l'existence de certaines difficultés qui empêchent l'intégration complète de cette communauté. Les minorités musulmanes essaient de franchir ces obstacles pour arriver à obtenir une protection optimale et réaliser leur objectif principal relatif à l'obtention d'une égalité de traitement vis-À-Vis des autres minorités religieuses qui ont une présence plus longue dans cette partie du monde.Cette étude s'efforce de comparer les différents statuts juridiques accordés aux minorités musulmanes dans les pays de l'Union européenne pour établir un état des lieux juridique de la présence musulmane dans ces pays. La distinction entre les minorités musulmanes en tant que groupes minoritaires et leurs membres est nécessaire pour savoir si les droits collectifs de ces groupes ont été reconnus et privilégiés au détriment des droits individuels des personnes appartenant à ces minorités / The permanent presence of Muslim minorities in the countries of the European Union has become a reality.This massive and lasting presence has changed the religious European scene in the 20th century.But the development of the Muslim presence in the countries of the European Union has been a heterogeneous process which is not over yet because of certain difficulties which prevent this community from being integrated completely. The Muslim minorities are trying to overcome those obstacles to manage to get the best protection and achieve their main goal that is to say getting the same treatment as other religious minorities who settled inthe European Union long before them.This study attempts to compare the different legal statuses granted to the Muslim minorities in the different countries of the European Union so as to assess the Muslim presence in those countries legally. The distinction between the Muslim minorities as minority groups and their different members must be made so as to know ifthe collective rights of these groups have been acknowledged and given more importance than the individual rights of the people belonging to these minorities