archives@tulane.edu / 1 / Joseph Skelton

The spread of English in the world today is not only the result of colonizing campaigns (Canagarajah, 1999, 2005; Pennycook, 1994a, 1998a, 2000; Phillipson, 1992, 2000) but also of the compliance of the governments associated with the "expanding circle" (Kachru, 1986). In part, this compliance is a consequence of the different mechanisms of the circulation of discourse, in particular the idea that speaking English is a sine qua non condition to be a worldwide citizen. Colombia is a good example of this phenomenon, because its national government is implementing a National Bilingualism Project (PNB) where there is an explicit interest in the promotion of English over all other languages spoken in the country. This dissertation is a critical discourse analysis of the handbook Estándares básicos de competencias en lenguas extranjeras: Inglés. Formar en lenguas extranjeras, el reto" (Basic standards for competences in foreign languages: English. Teach in foreign languages: the challenge) published by the Ministry of Education of Colombia. This handbook is aimed at establishing the national standards for the teaching of English in Colombian public schools. The objective of the study is to offer an interpretation of the way in which bilingualism, English, and teachers are constructed through the language used in the handbook. The analysis of data follows Fairclough’s textual analysis and is supported by other written texts and informed by scholarly articles. The analysis of data shows that the official discourse creates a whole new meaning for “bilingualism” since it indexes exclusively the learning of English in Colombia. Along with this, the authors of the handbook perpetuate mainstream concepts and ideas about the symbolic power of English as the one and only necessary tool for academic and economic success. This is achieved by a redundant discourse on the neutrality of English on the one hand, and the benefits it brings to its speakers, on the other. In relation to the portrayal of teachers in this document, the data show that their role is either downplayed or made invisible, which also correlates with the low prestige that school teachers have in Colombia. The study leads to the conclusion that a document that contains national standards for the teaching of a language should include multiple voices where local knowledge gets the same recognition as global knowledge, and where the diversity of the country is represented, respected and promoted. In that way, official institutions would be legislating to benefit the majority of the population, and not the small number of elites of the country.

Tendo como pano de fundo a visibilidade alcançada pelos evangélicos em décadas recentes, tanto pelo seu extraordinário crescimento numérico, quanto pela sua surpreendente presença no campo político, o trabalho procura analisar, dentro do campo neopentecostal, a especificidade da Igreja Renascer em Cristo. Ao mesmo tempo que ela apresenta um discurso voltado para jovens e empresários de classe média, com uma estética que combina de forma inédita o sagrado com elementos da indústria do entretenimento e da comunicação de massa, constitui-se como um poderoso empreendimento gerenciado segundo uma racionalidade empresarial moderna. Sua capacidade de mobilização se manifesta através de megaeventos,que ampliam ainda mais sua visibilidade, estendendo sua influência além dos seus limites institucionais. É esse poder de mobilização que o campo político-partidário tenta apropriar, sem ter, contudo, o mesmo êxito que o empreendimento religioso, já que a capacidade de arregimentação que a igreja demonstra possuir, se funda no sagrado e para ele retorna. O que está em jogo, mais do que o poder político, é o poder simbólico, ou seja, a capacidade do discurso religioso de encampar na sua lógica segmentos cada vez mais amplos da experiência de vida, em domínios considerados profanos, e conferir-lhes novos significados, frente às incertezas de um mundo em transformação. / Members of evangelic protestant denominations have achieved in recent decades a new visibility in Brazil, owing as much to an extraordinary increase in their numbers as to their unexpected presence in the political arena. It is against the background of such developments that this research attempts to analyze the specificity of the church Renascer em Cristo within the neopentecostal religious field. While it appeals to young people and to middle class businessman, by means of aesthetic devices which surprisingly bring together sacred elements, mass media, and the entertainment industry, the church has turned into a powerful enterprise managed according to principles of modern entrepreneurial rationality. Its capacity to mobilize people is displayed in gigantic shows, which give it a greater visibility and extend its influence beyond its institutional boundaries. It is this mobilization capacity that politicians try to gather in their support in the political arena, without, however, having the same success as the religious enterprise. In fact, the power displayed by the church in gathering such support is based on sacredness and to sacredness it must return. More than political power, then, what is in fact at stake is symbolic power, or the capacity for a religious discourse to encompass within its own logic wider and wider segments of the profane life experience of the people, and confer upon them new meanings, in light of the uncertainties of a world in transformation.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-11-09T17:08:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GEÍSA D´ÁVILA RIBEIRO BOAVENTURA.pdf: 1822793 bytes, checksum: edf037a741d39936b37fcd15200943cb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-09T17:08:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GEÍSA D´ÁVILA RIBEIRO BOAVENTURA.pdf: 1822793 bytes, checksum: edf037a741d39936b37fcd15200943cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 / This study aimed to understand the on going transformation process of the professional and technological education (EPT), starting from the experience of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, related to expression of the reality in campus Ceres and Rio Verde. This research analyzed the configuration of federal EPT network field in IF Goiano reality, taking into account the policy context of creation and constitution of the Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia through understanding the tensions and power struggles (material and symbolic)that occur on relationship between average level / technical and high level. The guiding questions were: How the subfield / upper level appreciation would have disqualified the average - technical level, expressing no more a whole which led the struggle for high school integrated into education and that resulted in the conquest of Decree 5.154 / 04? To what extent, disputes between middle - technical and higher levels and disagreements present in the institutional priorities are the privileging of the second and undervaluation of the first? Organizing elements of the professional education field have been raised within the institution toward the tension between the subfield mid-level / technical and subfield higher level, the habitus of the agents that make up the studied social field and the meanings attributed to the field by teachers and managers about implementation of the institutes, in relation to the proposals for both levels. In order to meet the proposed goals, this institution transformation by Law No. 11,892 / 2008 was taken as reference. This law is related to creation of federal institutions and the context of its enactment arising from the expansion of the EPT federal network. As theoretical and methodological basis, it was used the praxeological method of Pierre Bourdieu, in which the theoretical concepts symbolic power, social field, habitus and practice are relevant to understand the reality. In this direction, an exploratory survey of the social locus to be studied was done, by using references and study of legal requirements and documents that govern the institution. Empirical research was conducted through a survey of numerical data and interviews with social workers teachers and managers of selected campus, besides rector and pro-rectors. Data collection allowed you to identify that IF Goiano educational and scientific field has elements, principles, properties and habitus which point to the contradictions and present agreements on the relationship between education levels analyzed. Teachers and managers from campi Ceres and Rio Verde were interviewed, including 6 managers of the central management of the Institute, rector and pro-rectors, in addition to two general directors of campi. Among total of teachers from each campus, 121 come from Rio Verde and 93 come from Ceres. 10% each, were interviewed that is, twelve from Rio Verde and ten from Ceres.The results related to this study show that, although legislation into both levels have their rules and guidelines to follow and according to that, the allocation of resources that caters to each, there was a trend toward greater appreciation of the subfield / higher level characterized by the dispute among teachers in relation to a largest workload aimed at research activities, which somehow favors the work at this level, strengthening the practice in higher education and post graduation, parallel to the devaluation of the subfield / medium - technical level. This struggle is part of the representation of teachers and managers, demonstrated in symbolic power that is present in different habitus and practices which demonstrate that the subfield / higher level gives more status and prestige both the teachers and the students. It also highlights the sense present among field agents, which is the vertical integration as the way to the articulation among education levels toward the reduction of tensions among them. / Este estudo teve o propósito de compreender o processo em curso de transformação do campo da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT), a partir da experiência do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, na expressão da realidade dos campi Ceres e Rio Verde. Neste trabalho foi analisada a configuração do campo da Rede Federal de EPT na realidade do IF Goiano, no contexto da política de criação e constituição dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia por meio da compreensão das tensões e disputas de poder (material e simbólico) existentes na relação entre os níveis médio/técnico e superior. As perguntas orientadoras foram: Como a valorização do subcampo/nível superior teria chegado ao ponto de desqualificar o nível médio/técnico, passando a expressar não mais uma totalidade que levou à luta pelo ensino médio integrado à educação profissional e que resultou na conquista do Decreto 5.154/04? Até que ponto as disputas entre os níveis médio/técnico e superior e os desacordos presentes nas prioridades institucionais passam pelo privilegiamento do segundo e secundarização do primeiro?Foram levantados os elementos organizadores do campo da educação profissional dentro da instituição, na direção da tensão entre o subcampo nível médio/técnico e o subcampo nível superior, os habitus dos agentes que conformam o campo social estudado e os sentidos atribuídos ao campo pelos professores e gestores acerca da implantação dos institutos, com relação às propostas para os dois níveis. Para atender aos objetivos propostos, tomou-se como referência a transformação dessa instituição por meio da Lei nº 11.892/2008, de criação dos institutos federais e o contexto de sua promulgação advindo da expansão da Rede Federal de EPT. Como fundamentação teórico-metodológica, buscou-se o método praxiológico de Pierre Bourdieu, no qual os conceitos teóricos poder simbólico, campo social, habitus e prática são centrais para a compreensão da realidade. Nessa direção, foi feito um levantamento exploratório do lócus social a ser estudado, por meio de referências bibliográficas e do estudo das prescrições legais e dos documentos que regem a instituição. A investigação empírica foi realizada pelo levantamento de dados numéricos e de entrevistas com os agentes sociais professores e gestores dos campi selecionados, além do reitor e pró-reitores. A coleta de dados permitiu identificar que o campo educacional e científico do IF Goiano apresenta elementos, princípios, propriedades e habitus que apontam para as contradições e acordos presentes na relação entre os níveis de ensino analisados. Os agentes entrevistados foram professores e gestores dos campi Ceres e Rio Verde, sendo 6 gestores da gestão central do Instituto, reitor e pró-reitores, além dos 2 diretores-gerais dos campi. Do total de professores de cada campus, 121 de Rio Verde e 93 de Ceres, foram entrevistados 10% de cada um, ou seja, 12 de Rio Verde e 10 de Ceres. Os resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa apontam que, apesar de na legislação ambos os níveis terem suas normas e diretrizes a serem seguidas e, de acordo com isso, a alocação de recursos que atende a cada um, há uma tendência de maior valorização do subcampo/nível superior, caracterizada pela disputa entre os agentes-professores em relação à carga horária maior destinada às atividades de pesquisa, o que de certa forma favorece o trabalho neste nível, fortalecendo a prática no ensino superior e na pós-graduação, paralelamente à desvalorização do subcampo/nível médio-técnico. Essa luta faz parte da representação dos professores e gestores, expressa no poder simbólico presente nos diferentes habitus e práticas que demonstram que o subcampo/nível superior confere mais status e prestígio, tanto aos docentes quanto aos alunos. Evidencia-se também o sentido presente entre os agentes do campo, que é a verticalização como caminho para a articulação entre os níveis de ensino, na direção da diminuição das tensões entre eles.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-14T17:05:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 judiciario_sociedade.pdf: 1235085 bytes, checksum: ac3f116e9d1da039c2b9f45fee3e65bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T17:05:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 judiciario_sociedade.pdf: 1235085 bytes, checksum: ac3f116e9d1da039c2b9f45fee3e65bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-27 / Banco Santander / Banespa / O presente trabalho examina a disputa entre o Judiciário e a mídia pelo poder simbólico. Essa problemática é abordada a partir de dois panoramas: a influência da mídia sobre o Judiciário, que ocorre através da legitimação de sua imagem diante da sociedade ao se autoproclamar a principal responsável por garantir a justiça; e a relutância do Judiciário perante a prática que acompanha a história da administração pública brasileira desde os seus primórdios, o nepotismo. A partir desse cenário, reflete-se a desmistificação da ideia da mídia como sendo um "Quarto Poder", demonstrando que o poder creditado a esta - pelo próprio Judiciário ao ceder às pressões - não condiz com a realidade quando o assunto tratado é prática de nomeação de parentes para cargos públicos. Diante desse quadro, o estudo estrutura-se em quatro capítulos, sendo que no primeiro é realizada uma retrospectiva em relação ao papel do Judiciário nos períodos Imperial e Republicano, e nas Constituições, centrando-se na postura a ser adotada por essa instituição no sentido de atender a complexidade das demandas sociais, temática esta, tratada por meio da análise da Emenda Constitucional nº45. O segundo capítulo trata de examinar o funcionamento dos meios de comunicação de massa, avaliando o processo de manipulação e formação da opinião pública na busca pelo lucro financeiro, traçando um paralelo de como a mídia deveria funcionar e como de fato ela funciona. A ideia principal trazida no terceiro capítulo refere-se à difícil convivência entre a mídia e o Judiciário. E, por último, no quarto capítulo, é levantada a polêmica do nepotismo no Judiciário brasileiro. Nesse sentido, salienta-se que a temática é abordada sob o manto da disputa entre mídia e Judiciário, pelo poder simbólico de legitimar-se diante da sociedade. / The present work examines the dispute between the Judiciary and the media for the symbolic power. This matter is approached from two panoramas: the media's influence on the Judiciary which happens through its image legitimation in front of the society when it auto-proclaims as being the principal responsible one to guarantee the justice and the reluctance of the Judiciary in front of the practice that follows the history of the Brazilian public administration since its origin, the nepotism. From this scenery there is a reflexion about the demystification of the idea that media is the "Fourth Power" showing that the power accredited to that - by the Judiciary itself when it shrinks from the pressure - is not in accordance with our reality when the subject is the practice of nominating relatives for public positions. With this scenery, the study is structured in four chapters. In the first it is made a retrospective in relation to the Judiciary role during the imperial and republican period and in the constitutions focusing the posture to be adopted for this institution to attend the complexity of the society needs, such thematic is approached through analysis of the constitutional amendment nr. 45. The second chapter is about to examine how means of communication of mass work, evaluating the process of manipulation and public opinion formation in the search for financial profits setting a parallel between how media was expected to work and how it works indeed. The central idea in the third paragraph refers to the difficult relationship between the media and the Judiciary. At last, in the fourth paragraph it is raised the polemic about nepotism in the Brazilian Judiciary.In this sense, it is highlighted that the thematic is approached beneath a shroud of dispute between the media and the Judiciary for the symbolic power of legitimacy in front of the society.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-03-07T19:47:29Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Edineia de Lourdes Pereira - 2014 - Parte 01.pdf: 19441432 bytes, checksum: f427c4f827cdcd11aa29a05a545dbb6d (MD5) Dissertação - Edineia de Lourdes Pereira - 2014 - Parte 02.pdf: 7035992 bytes, checksum: d6ac5ddd5a76a5262654a82267ebd4f0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-03-07T19:49:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Edineia de Lourdes Pereira - 2014 - Parte 01.pdf: 19441432 bytes, checksum: f427c4f827cdcd11aa29a05a545dbb6d (MD5) Dissertação - Edineia de Lourdes Pereira - 2014 - Parte 02.pdf: 7035992 bytes, checksum: d6ac5ddd5a76a5262654a82267ebd4f0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T19:49:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Edineia de Lourdes Pereira - 2014 - Parte 01.pdf: 19441432 bytes, checksum: f427c4f827cdcd11aa29a05a545dbb6d (MD5) Dissertação - Edineia de Lourdes Pereira - 2014 - Parte 02.pdf: 7035992 bytes, checksum: d6ac5ddd5a76a5262654a82267ebd4f0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / In this research we analyze the crisis of the literature in High School. Our objective is to structure the discourse of agents who have sought to understand and troubleshoot the process of losing symbolic power of literature in the schools. Thus, the analysis of the corpus has prepared speeches in which agents seek to understand this crisis. Considering that culture and education are part of the social representations and are complex structural systems built over time, we conducted an archeology supported the conceptualization of Michel Foucault, in order to understand how this was a tradition appraiser crises. From this plan of action, we trace a path through the speeches of textbooks and school anthologies of Brazilian literary, speeches by education researchers linked to Literary Studies and the speeches of regulators High School. We look, therefore, map the habitus of agents of Brazilian literary field in relation to the fact that the gradual loss of the symbolic power of literature in school. Our hypothesis is that this habitus has prevented agents of teaching of literature – as this teaching is done – recognize that literature has lost its position and its function, i.e. part of its usefulness to the contemporary society. / Nesta investigação analisa-se a crise da literatura no Ensino Médio. O nosso objetivo é a estruturação dos discursos dos agentes que têm procurado entender e solucionar o processo de perda de poder simbólico da literatura no âmbito escolar. Assim, a análise desenvolvida tem como corpus os discursos elaborados nos quais os agentes visam à compreensão dessa crise. Levando em consideração que a cultura e o ensino integram as representações sociais e que essas representações são complexos sistemas estruturais construídos ao longo do tempo, realizamos uma arqueologia, apoiados na conceituação de Michel Foucault, com o intuito de compreender como se constituiu uma tradição avaliadora dessa crise. A partir desse plano de atuação, traçamos um percurso pelos discursos dos manuais didáticos e das antologias escolares da literatura brasileira, pelos discursos de pesquisadores do ensino vinculados aos Estudos Literários e pelos discursos dos órgãos reguladores do Ensino Médio. Procuramos, dessa forma, mapear o habitus dos agentes do campo literário brasileiro em relação ao fato da paulatina perda do poder simbólico da literatura na escola. A nossa hipótese é que esse habitus tem impedido que os agentes do ensino da literatura – tal como esse ensino é realizado – enxerguem que a literatura perdeu a sua posição e as suas funções, isto é, parte da sua utilidade para a sociedade contemporânea.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A evoluÃÃo do Ãmbito profissional do farmacÃutico em direÃÃo à saÃde pÃblica e ao contexto clÃnico, à um fenÃmeno global e repercute no desenvolvimento de novas prÃticas profissionais para dar conta de atribuiÃÃes antes inexistentes. No Brasil, o papel do farmacÃutico na implementaÃÃo da polÃtica nacional de medicamentos, na AssistÃncia e AtenÃÃo FarmacÃutica do nÃvel primÃrio de saÃde, vem sendo regulamentado, criando tensÃes no processo de trabalho que vÃo alÃm dos aspectos de ordem tÃcnica. Para permitir a aproximaÃÃo dessa realidade, foi utilizado um estudo exploratÃrio de carÃter descritivo que empregou o mÃtodo qualitativo de pesquisa atravÃs de entrevistas abertas aplicadas aos farmacÃuticos e observaÃÃo dos espaÃos e atividades das unidades que apresentam esse profissional de saÃde, com o objetivo de avaliar a percepÃÃo do farmacÃutico como profissionais de saÃde, relativa as suas prÃprias atividades. Dos 13 Centros de SaÃde da FamÃlia, 12 (92%) foram visitados, dos quais 5 (42%) funcionam dois turnos (manhà e tarde) e 7 (58 %) durante os trÃs turnos, com um total de 30 equipes de PSF distribuÃdas para a cobertura das Ãreas de abrangÃncia e quadro de servidores e profissionais de saÃde variando com a necessidade de cada Centro. Foram observadas tambÃm dificuldades estruturais, carÃncia de planejamento, alÃm de baixo nÃvel de trabalho em equipe. As farmÃcias seguiram as problemÃticas dos Centros, trabalhando de forma mais isolada. Dos 18 farmacÃuticos atuando, 17 (94%) foram entrevistados, sendo 13 (76%) do sexo feminino e 4 (24%) do masculino; com faixa etÃria variando entre 26 a 58, e idade mÃdia de 46 anos, dos quais 15 (88%) graduaram-se por Universidade pÃblica, entre 1978 e 2006, em sua maior parte BioquÃmicos (53%), concursados (82%), com tempo mÃdio de serviÃo de 18 anos. A Ãnica pÃs-graduaÃÃo relatada foi especializaÃÃo, cursada por 41% dos entrevistados. A percepÃÃo desses profissionais possibilitou a identificaÃÃo de nÃs, conectados à esfera simbÃlica e de domÃnio prÃtico, que dificultam a concepÃÃo dos mesmos como profissionais de saÃde e a promoÃÃo de um serviÃo de melhor qualidade. Faz-se necessÃrio recuperar a auto-estima e promover direcionamento desses profissionais para a melhoria de aÃÃes de integralidade na saÃde. / The evolution of pharmaceutical extent through Public Health services and clinical context is a global tendency with repercussion on new professional practices development to support the attributions that didnât exist before. In Brazil the pharmacist role to implement the National Drug Policy and pharmaceutical practices, including pharmaceutical care, in primary health care, is being regulated, causing troubles in working process that go beyond technical aspects. To promote an approximation of this reality, we use an exploitative descriptive study which resorted qualitative research method, with interviews applied to pharmacists and observational techniques applied to professionals and health family centers. The objective was to recognize the local reality and evaluate pharmacistsâ perception like health professionals in their routine activities. We visited 12 (92%) of 13 health family centers what have pharmacist working in primary health care pharmacies, of witch 5 (42%) work during 2 turns and 7 (58%) at 3 turns, they have 30 PSF teams to cover their areas and a variable registered professional list according to units needs. We also observed structure problems, lack planning and low level of team work. The pharmacies follow the same problems that we identify in the health family centers, but it works more isolated. We interview 17 (94%) of 18 pharmacists, 13 (76%) women and 4 (24%) men; with age group between 26 and 58 years old. A number of 15 (88%), graduated by Public University, between 1878 and 2006, the major have qualification in biochemistry (53%) and was public servants (82%), with 18 year middle work time. The only post graduation related was expert, concluded by 41% of them. The pharmacistâs perceptions means rubs identifications, related to symbolic and practice categories that raise difficulties the pharmacistâs conception like health professionals and better services promotion. Its essential recover the pharmacistâs self-esteem and promotes a professional guidance to improve actions of health integrality.

THE DEBATES CONCERNING IDEOLOGY AND DISCOURSE HAVE A RICH AND COMPLICATED HISTORY. MOVING FROM THIS HISTORY, THIS THESIS AIMS TO INVESTIGATE HOW PIERRE BOURDIEU, ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SOCIOLOGISTS IN EUROPE, CAN BE READ ON THE DEBATES CONCERNING IDEOLOGY AND DISCOURSE.ALTHOUGH THE TERM IDEOLOGY IS NOT PARTICULARLY CENTRAL TO BOURDIEU&#039 / S WORK, WE ASSERT THAT HIS CONCEPTUAL WORLD TELLS US A STORY WHICH IS PERTINENT TO THE ONES IN IDEOLOGY AND DISCOURSE DEBATES.MOVING FROM THIS AXIS, WE SHED LIGHT UPON BOURDIEU&#039 / S CONCEPTS SUCH AS HABITUS, DOXA, FIELD, SYMBOLIC POWER AND SYMBOLIC VIOLENCE. WE EXAMINE BOTH THE ANATOMY OF THE CONCEPTS MENTIONED AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH EACH OTHER.WE SHOW THAT HOW THESE CONCEPTS CAN BE OPERATIONAL FROM THE ANGLE OF THE DEBATES ON IDEOLOGY AND DISCOURSE. IN OUR STUDY, WE ARGUE THAT BOURDIEU&#039 / S CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK EXTENDS THE SOCIOLOGICAL DIMENSION OF THE DEBATES CONCERNING IDEOLOGY AND DISCOURSE AND PIERRE BOURDIEU CAN BE READ WITH THE OTHER MONUMENTAL NAMES, FROM MARX TO FOUCAULT, IN THE HISTORY OF THE DEBATES.

This dissertation examines the problems of translation within the language ideological context of multilingual Singapore. On the basis of textual and paratextual data from published literary translations and with reference to the language power relation between the English language and the Chinese language in contemporary Singapore, the study raises questions about the relationship between literary translation and language ideology in Singapore. These questions are concerned with textual problems in translating heterolingual texts, interpretive problems facing the target readers of translated Chinese-language texts that deal with the Chinese identity crisis and the ideological functions that translation plays in the making of multilingual literary anthologies. In delineating the general character of cross-cultural communication in Singapore, the study combines various theoretical perspectives and employs both textual and contextual approaches of inquiry. The dissertation consists of three main parts. The first part discusses the textual problems involved in the translation of heterolingual Chinese literature thematically concerned with the ideological tension between English and Chinese in Singapore. Drawing on the theory of the metonymics of translation as well as code-switching theories, the identity function of heterolingualism in Chinese literary texts is first established as creating a metonymic link between the linguistic tension in the literary texts and the ideological tension between English and Chinese in Singapore society. It is then proposed that when a heterolingual text using Chinese as its matrix language code-switches into English as part of its textual strategy, the translation of this text into the English language necessarily creates a crisis of representation in which the English language paradoxically projects itself as the cultural “Other”. The second part of the dissertation examines the interpretive problems of Singapore Chinese literature in English translation based on the theory of the ethics of translation. Specifically, when a target text (TT) reader is construed as the cultural “Other” in a source text (ST), an interpretive paradox arises when the TT reader attempts to understand himself/herself as a cultural “Other” in his/her own language in order to achieve a positive ethics of translation. The TT reader faces an epistemological dilemma: he/she either betrays his/her own identity in favour of the identity function of the ST, thus setting on an ironic process of self-Othering, or adheres to his/her identity and betrays that of the ST, thus contradicting the intended objective of allowing the predominantly English-speaking Chinese community in Singapore to understand the cultural predicament of their Chinese-speaking counterparts. In the third part of the study, I explore the role of translation in the construction of language ideology in Singapore and the way in which this role has changed since the mid-1980s. Based on an analysis of the use of translation in the making of multilingual literary anthologies published between 1985 and 2008, it is found that the power relation between the English language and the mother tongue languages in Singapore has shifted over the past two decades. Central to this shift is translation, the discursive instrument in multilingual publications. While earlier anthologies adopt a “one-to-one” translation model, in which literary works written in the mother tongue languages are translated into English but not vice versa, more recent anthologies adopt a “many-to-many” translation model, in which various languages translate into one another. This shift leads to a subtle change in the relationship between English and the mother tongue languages, from an asymmetric one in favour of English as the language of power, to a balanced one that gives an equal “voice” to the mother tongue languages. The analysis shows that translation is the locus of complex language ideological struggles, and that it plays the conflicting roles of reinforcing the hegemony of the English language and of resisting such hegemony in Singapore. This study has three implications for translation studies. Firstly, it supports the case for the combination of textual and contextual approaches in the investigation of translation phenomena. Secondly, it suggests that translation practice in Singapore is a potentially paradoxical act whose efficacy is not unproblematic. Finally, the study enables translators and language policy makers in Singapore to become more aware of the ideological implication of translation in multilingual discourses, and to tap into the discursive power of translation in creating a truly balanced multilingual nation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 valle_ld_me_bauru.pdf: 32957266 bytes, checksum: 072c04063772db5ef08f26fd3fa2527e (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Nos últimos 20 anos, observa-se no Brasil um fenômeno particular quanto à relação estabelecida entre grupos minorizados e meios de comunicação de massa: a tendência de deslocamento da figura da prostitutra das páginas policiais dos jornais para editorias de cultura nos anos 2000. Exerceram um papel significativo nessa mudança as ações de visibilidade promovidas pela organização não-governamental (ONG) Davida, dirigida pela ex-prostituta Gabriela Leite. Desde 1988, a Davida utiliza-se da mídia para divulgar imagens da profissional do sexo diferentes do esteriótipo de sujeito marginalizado. O uso das mídias pela ONG Davida foi feito de duas formas distintas ao longo de sua trajetória: por meio da utilização de veículos particulares e através da criação de eventos com potencial noticiável. A essa última merece destaque a grife de moda Daspu, lançada em 2005 com o objetivo de confeccionar roupas inspiradas nas mulheres da vida. Tendo como objeto de análise as matérias sobre a Daspu, o presente estudo é uma reflexão sobre o modo como: (1) As marcas identitárias de um grupo minorizado estão sendo veiculadas por sua militância e apropriadas pelos meios de comunicação de massa; (2) as influências desse processo na representação social desse grupo. Para isso, será utilizada a análise de conteúdo das matérias que abordaram a grife nos portais virtuais Universo Online (UOL), Terra e Internet Group (iG), durante os anos de 2006 e 2010. O quadro referencial adotado é a teoria do espaço social de Pierre Bourdieu (1983) e a teoria das representações sociais de Denise Jodelet (2001). Enquanto a primeira possibilita a reflexão sobre a imposição de uma nova visão da realidade social a partir do uso do capital simbólico da mídia, a segunda aponta nas representações sociais funções identitárias. Os resultados indicam que a representação...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo / Over the past 20 years, it is witnessed in Brazil a particular phenomenon regarding the relationship established between minority groups and means of mass communication: the tendency to shift prostitute's figure from newspapers' police pages to cultural pages during the 2000s. This shift is mainly due to visibility actions promoted by nongovernmental organization (NGO) Davida, run by ex-prostitute Gabriela Leite. Since 1988, Davida has been using the media to disseminate sex workers' images other than their stereotype, in which they are portrayed as marginalized people. Throughout its existence, NGO Davida has been using the media in two different ways: working with its own means of communication and creating newsworthy events. Among these events, it can be outlined the launching of fashion line Daspu in 2005, aiming the creation of outfits inspired by prostitutes' way of life. As Daspu is a genuine action from prostitutes' group, the information submitted by its outfits makes reference to an identity by the prostitutes, which is permeated by particular meanings. Considering articles about Daspu as an object of analysis, this research aims to reflect (1) how the identity required by the militancy of a minority group is being appropriated by means of mass communication; and (2) how this required identity could influence the social representation of this group. In order to prove this reflection, a content analysis of articles about Daspu published on the Internet was made. The articles selected were published on news provider services, such as Universo Online (UOL), Terra e Internet Group (iG), from 2006 to 2010. Theories used are Pierre Bourdieu's social space theory (1983) and Denise Jodelet's social representations theory (2001). While the former allows the reflection about imposing a new vision of social reality based on the uses of the media symbolical capital, the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)