Siebzehn Beiträge aus drei Schwerpunktbereichen der soziologischen und historischen Forschungen des polnischen Soziologen Andrzej Sakson, Direktor des Instytut Zachodni in Posen, sind in diesem zehnten PTB zusammengefasst: zu deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen, zu den Minderheiten in Polen und Deutschland sowie zur Migration in Europas Geschichte und Gegenwart. Der Band bietet zugleich einen spannenden Einblick in das zeitgenössische Denken eines der führenden Soziologen Polens.

This thesis analyses ATAKA&rsquo / s rise as a prominent actor in Bulgarian politics and to what extent this success is sustainable. The first section seeks the roots of authoritarianism in Bulgaria. The following section focuses on the restructuring and transformation in Bulgaria following the end of the Communist Party rule. The last section examines the reproduction of authoritarianism Bulgaria which is manifested through the rise of ATAKA in the last few years. Main argument of the thesis is that while the party&rsquo / s success has been rather fast and unexpected in the beginning, it was a result of the recreation of authoritarianism that has been present in the Bulgarian history and manifested itself through ATAKA and its xenophobic-racist rhetoric since 2005. While the sustainability of ATAKA&rsquo / s success in the long-term is in question considering its decline in the 2009 parliamentary elections, there is always the possibility of the authoritarianism resurfacing through different mediums, if not through ATAKA.

The European Union is the Community made on bases of multiculturalism, diversity and equality between Members and its citizens. From the very beginning of being social actor, the European Union has wanted to fight with discrimination. In the July 2008 the Council Directive on implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation was announced. This essay is about the problem of discrimination on the ground of ethnic origin, disability and sexual orientation in the European Union. According to the Eurobarometer survey these types of discrimination are the most spread within the European Society. With help of this survey I set a hypothesis and I tested it. The question was if the “Old” Member States are more successful with the fight with the problem that “New” Member States. There are acts of law considering and protecting citizens against discrimination. Most of the regulations include the unequal treatment in employment, is why I wanted to make researches about the same problem outside the employment. I checked what kind of minorities protection exist in legal framework of the EU and I concluded that the New Directive Proposal is actually answer for their problems and in the same time legislation changes are not enough.

Denna uppsats behandlar invandrade finska romers identitetsbygge i Sverige. Jag har gjort en kvalitativ intervjustudie med tre informanter. Syftet har varit att granska hur dessa finska romer i Sverige har format sin identitet under sin livstid och vilken roll skolan har haft för identitetsformeringen samt hur deras emigration har påverkat deras syn på sig själva som romer, finländare och/eller svenskar. Jag har intervjuat en man i 30-års-åldern och två kvinnor, 45 respektive 50 år. Intervjuerna ägde rum i september 2005. Alla tre var födda i Finland, men har flyttat till Sverige under sin barndom eller ungdom. Informanterna ombedes bl.a. att definiera vem som de anser vara en rom i jämförelse till en modell som Romano Missio i Finland har på sin hemsida(http://www.romanomissio.fi/projektit/kalvot/002_kuka_on_romani.pdf ). Av min undersökning kan man dra slutsatsen att förändringar är på gång inom den finskromska gruppen. Allt fler romer vill utbilda sig och speciellt kvinnorna har gjort framsteg inom det området. Ungdomarna umgås mer och mer med andra grupper, nya typer av identiteter växer fram och deras identitet får intryck från andra kulturer. Romerna diskuterar sina interna frågor i finska media vilket är nytt. Av mina intervjuer framgår att samhället saknar förståelse för romernas kultur och romska ungdomars livsvillkor. Att dessa inte alltid i lika stor utsträckning som majoriteten har möjligheter till individuella val. / This thesis investigates the construction of identity among immigrated Finnish Roma in Sweden. I have concluded three qualitative interviews, with a 30-year old man and two women, 45 and 50 years old. The purpose of these interviews has been to investigate in what fashion these individuals, all members of the Finnish Roma minority in Sweden, have constructed their identity and how their schooling has contributed to this. I first got in contact with the man and via him a was able to reach the women and interview them too. All three were born in Finland but moved to Sweden during childhood or adolescence. The informants were among other things asked to define who is Roma and who is not, all according to a model that can be viewed at Romano Missio's Finnish website (http://www.romanomissio.fi/projektit/kalvot/002_kuka_on_romani.pdf ). My investigation makes evident that changes are in progress in the Finnish Roma community in Sweden. An increasing number of Roma are interested in higher education. Youngsters seek contact with people from other societal groups and their identity is constructed increasingly in interaction with other cultures. Internal Roma issues are now more openly discussed in mainstream media in Finland. According to my research society lacks in understanding for and knowledge about Roma culture. Not much is known about the conditions under which Roma youngsters live and the fact that these young people do not get the same freedom of choice that is granted for others the same age.

The 1933 genocidal attacks on Assyrians in the Simele region defined the birth of the nascent Iraqi nation and identity. Iraq has ever been in the spotlight of ethnic and cultural strife, especially concerning Sunni-Shia animosity, and more recently in dealing with the Kurdish people and Iraqi Kurdistan. In most cases, however, the Assyrians are completely neglected from scholarship concerning Iraq and its peoples. This work reinserts the Assyrian people into the fabric of Iraq and discusses the violent and non-violent suppression of Assyrian identity and culture through genocide, cultural genocide, and ethnic cleansing. Three fundamental factors emerge from this reinsertion with respect to Iraq and genocide. First, this approach introduces an often-neglected element in Iraqi studies: the inclusion of minorities, or micro-minorities, within the existing discourse on Iraqi studies. Second, it contributes to genocide studies by examining the impact of the non-physical, or cultural, aspect of genocide. Further, it discusses the importance of the Assyrian case in Iraq for understanding Iraqi history, and serves as a case in point of scaling suffering and for understanding how and why a hierarchy of genocide exists.

This study explored the influence of minority stress on the career and life-space developmental trajectory (Super, 1990) with a sample of gay, bisexual, and queer men. Approximately 202 self-identifying sexual minority males were recruited across the United States via the internet. The study tested a model in which dyadic adjustment and career satisfaction mediated the relationship between three specific minority stressors (internalized homophobia, concealment motivation, and stigma sensitivity) and four specific life roles (partner, occupational, homemaker, and parental life roles). A measured variable path analysis (MVPA) was conducted with the following measures: the Internalized Homophobia Scale (Martin & Dean, 1987); Stigma Sensitivity Scale (Mohr & Kendra, 2011); Concealment Motivation Scale (Mohr & Kendra, 2011); Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Sharpley & Rogers, 1984); Career Satisfaction Scale (Greenhaus, Parasuraman, & Wormley, 1990); and the Life Role Salience Scales (Amatea, Cross, Clark, & Bobby, 1986). The data fit the proposed model well. Internalized homophobia and stigma sensitivity significantly contributed to dyadic adjustment, while dyadic adjustment significantly contributed to partner role saliency. Dyadic adjustment partially mediated the relationship between internalized homophobia and partner role saliency, as internalized homophobia directly contributed to ratings of partner role saliency and parental role saliency. Dyadic adjustment fully mediated the relationship between stigma sensitivity and partner role saliency. None of the minority stressors significantly contributed to ratings of career satisfaction, nor did career satisfaction mediate the relationship between minority and the life role saliency measures. Implication for practitioners, recommendations for social justice, as well as limitation and directions for future research were provided.

The Va nationality, despite its small population compared to other nationalities in China, has preserved most of its traditions largely due to limits placed by historical circumstances and geographical isolation. To non-Chinese anthropologists, the Va people still remain unknown, as there is little or no information about them in English or other Western languages. One of the purposes of this study is to narrow this gap by presenting an ethnographic description of the Va, giving them a place in the world anthropological studies. Since the Va have retained their own cultural characteristics, their societal development has been rather slow. Part of the reason for this slow development is inherent in the basic nature of Va culture, and part of it lies in misguided administrative policies and programs. This study proposes ways to help the Va make progress toward development without destroying their culture and examines several possible ways of modifying or revamping government policy and programs directed toward the Va people. / Graduation date: 1992

The 1933 genocidal attacks on Assyrians in the Simele region defined the birth of the nascent Iraqi nation and identity. Iraq has ever been in the spotlight of ethnic and cultural strife, especially concerning Sunni-Shia animosity, and more recently in dealing with the Kurdish people and Iraqi Kurdistan. In most cases, however, the Assyrians are completely neglected from scholarship concerning Iraq and its peoples. This work reinserts the Assyrian people into the fabric of Iraq and discusses the violent and non-violent suppression of Assyrian identity and culture through genocide, cultural genocide, and ethnic cleansing. Three fundamental factors emerge from this reinsertion with respect to Iraq and genocide. First, this approach introduces an often-neglected element in Iraqi studies: the inclusion of minorities, or micro-minorities, within the existing discourse on Iraqi studies. Second, it contributes to genocide studies by examining the impact of the non-physical, or cultural, aspect of genocide. Further, it discusses the importance of the Assyrian case in Iraq for understanding Iraqi history, and serves as a case in point of scaling suffering and for understanding how and why a hierarchy of genocide exists.

European higher education is being faced with more and more challenges arising fromdiversity. Diversity arises as Universities seek to achieve higher levels ofinternationalisation by accepting students from as many countries as possible. Everyoneseems to be of the opinion that diversity is essentially a good thing. However, studies haveshown that diversity does not always lead to productivity. In Sweden for example, researchhas found that groups with gender diversity have more productive outcomes, while groupswith ethnic diversity display less positive outcomes. In general, research on highereducation has often showed that ethnic minority students achieve lower levels ofperformance than other students.This thesis studies the factors that affect the attitudes of ethnic minorities, first from a socialidentity point of view, and then by looking at other factors such as expectations ofemployment and the effects of studying in a new educational system. The social identityprocesses that are important in a student context are examined so as to determine those thathave a stronger effect on minority students.For this study, interviews were carried out with three students, and questionnaires were alsoadministered. From the analysis, it is observed that ethnic minority students suffer negativeeffects from being in a cultural minority and often feel dominated by the surroundingculture. Also, they develop less positive attitudes towards their studies because of loweremployment expectations, difficulties of adapting to a new setting and less preparation intheir earlier education.It is suggested that in order to create a more favourable environment for ethnic minoritystudents, steps must be taken to create a better psychological atmosphere for minoritystudents. Also, steps should be taken to improve social contact between students and toenhance the process of group work.The main limitations of the study are time, scope and cost. To be able to carry out a morein-depth study of school performance, it is important to perform more interviews andsurveys, covering a longer time frame.

The purpose of the study is to focus on the press discourse in the representation of the non-Muslims in the news reports, editorials and columns based on the case studies of the 1934 Thrace Events, 1942 Wealth Tax and 6/7 September 1955 Riots. The aim is to critically analyse the ideological representation of the non-Muslims in the Turkish press through critical linguistics and discourse analysis.