<p>This study focuses on a cooperation (collaboration) project between municipalities social services and the regions psychiatric care. They will capture a client / patient group that often risks falling between the chairs, persons with a psychic disorder and a problem of substance abuse. The purpose of the study was to study the projects cooperation on its organizational level. The central questions of issue were: What is cooperation in the project? What view do the professionals have of the projects cooperation, and partly have on members of the client group persons with a psychic disorder and a problem of substance abuse? The study was implemented through participating observations on three meetings with the govern group, the project group and the POS-team and interviews with two representatives from each principal. A total of 17 informants took part in the study, of which six of them were interviewed. The results point out a cooperation in different forms, which takes place on many levels; through three constellations (govern group, project group and POS-team) which through discussions of the target group on the meetings have in different ways tried to find forms for cooperation. That has included education efforts, study visits and common meetings. The professionals view of cooperation is predominantly positive. They see the profit to be the knowledge and the understanding for partly the complex problems around the target group, partly their own professionals possibilities and limitations in cooperation concerning view of knowledge, laws and legal framework and the organizational structure. The professionals view of cooperation and of the target group is of multifaceted character.</p>

This study focuses on a cooperation (collaboration) project between municipalities social services and the regions psychiatric care. They will capture a client / patient group that often risks falling between the chairs, persons with a psychic disorder and a problem of substance abuse. The purpose of the study was to study the projects cooperation on its organizational level. The central questions of issue were: What is cooperation in the project? What view do the professionals have of the projects cooperation, and partly have on members of the client group persons with a psychic disorder and a problem of substance abuse? The study was implemented through participating observations on three meetings with the govern group, the project group and the POS-team and interviews with two representatives from each principal. A total of 17 informants took part in the study, of which six of them were interviewed. The results point out a cooperation in different forms, which takes place on many levels; through three constellations (govern group, project group and POS-team) which through discussions of the target group on the meetings have in different ways tried to find forms for cooperation. That has included education efforts, study visits and common meetings. The professionals view of cooperation is predominantly positive. They see the profit to be the knowledge and the understanding for partly the complex problems around the target group, partly their own professionals possibilities and limitations in cooperation concerning view of knowledge, laws and legal framework and the organizational structure. The professionals view of cooperation and of the target group is of multifaceted character.

Vi har gjort en kvalitativ studie kring ekonomihandläggarens arbete med personer med missbruksproblematik. Anledningen till att vi valde att studera detta var att vi i litteraturen inte hittade någon tydlig arbetsrutin för den här gruppen av försörjningsstödstagare. Våra frågeställningar är: Vad fokuserar respondenterna på i sin bedömning av rätten till försörjningsstöd för en person med missbruksproblem? Vilket eller vilka arbetsmönster kan vi identifiera i respondenternas arbete med personer med missbruksproblem? Vi har utgått från tidigare forskning kring ekonomiskt bistånd och även forskning kring missbruk och missbruksvård. Teoretiska utgångspunkter är Prochaskas och DiClementes teori om förändringsprocessen samt Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkraten. Vi har intervjuat nio olika handläggare för ekonomiskt bistånd från tre kommuner. Intervjuerna har kretsat kring en vinjett som beskriver en man med missbruksproblem som ansöker om försörjningsstöd. De slutsatser vi kan dra av studien är att respondenterna i sina bedömningar fokuserar på vad mannen gör för att förändra sin situation, några respondenter ställer krav på att mannen skall vara i kontakt med missbrukshandläggare eller delta i missbruksbehandling, några respondenter fokuserar på mannens motivation till att förändras. Respondenterna är oense i huruvida det skulle leda till ett avslag eller ej om mannen inte deltar i behandling enligt plan. Det arbetsmönster som vi kan identifiera är att respondenterna utgår från att klienten står till arbetsmarknadens förfogande för att sedan revidiera planen om det visar sig att klienten har något arbetshinder. Om klienten visar sig ha missbruksproblem utgår ekonomihandläggaren från det och förmedlar kontakt med missbrukshandläggare. Vidare ser vi att respondenterna har en kontinuerlig kontakt med missbruksenheten gällande gemensamma klienter.

This thesis aim was to investigate how social workers reflect around their communication with children who live with parents or guardians who have addiction problems. How the social workers manage to enable the child’s legally right to be heard in a decision-making process. What methods the social workers are using and what that is perceived as limitations and capabilities in the communication with children who live with parents with addiction problems. The method used in the study is qualitative with interviews. There were five interviews conducted with social workers within the same municipality. Theories for analysing were Family System theory and Attachment theory. Primarily the study has called for a deeper understanding of how complex social work and authority assessing is when related to children. This study reveals how difficult it is for social workers to enable for children to be heard about their situation without their parent’s permission and approval to communicate with the social worker. Importance was also emphasised and expressed on building and maintaining a trusting relationship with the child and stakeholders involved. In the municipality where the study took place they all stated that they are working according Swedish legislation and got training in and used the method Signs of Safety, which enables to get an image over the children's situation. Other methods for communicating with children were used different by different social worker due to different trainings, abilities and depending on the needs from the individual child.

Att ta hand om patienter som är aktivt missbrukande är en utmaning. För att bättreförstå de svåra relationer som kan uppstå i mötet mellan patienter som harmissbruksproblem och sjuksköterskan är det viktigt att identifiera dessarelationsproblem. Ett av de stora problemen är misstro till patienter när de har smärta.Syftet med litteraturstudien var att identifiera faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskan imötet med patienter som har missbruksproblem. Metoden var en allmänlitteraturstudie med åtta vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserades med hjälp av femsteg för analys av kvalitativ forskning. Resultatet presenteras i tre kategorier;sjuksköterskans kompetens, sjuksköterskans kulturella bakgrund och erfarenhet samtsjuksköterskans hjälpmedel. Faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskan i mötet medpatienter som har missbruksproblem är sjuksköterskans kompetens, kulturellabakgrund och erfarenhet men också vilka hjälpmedel som finns tillgängligt försjuksköterskans omvårdnad. Konklusionen är att när sjuksköterskan visarengagemang och icke-dömande stöd i mötet med patienter som har missbruksproblemkan en god vårdrelation med öppen kommunikation och god smärtlindring uppnås. / Taking care of patients who are actively abusive is a challenge. To better understandthe difficult relationships that can arise in the meeting between patients who havesubstance abuse problems and the nurse, it is important to identify these relationshipproblems. One of major problem is mistrust of the patients when they are in pain. Thepurpose of this literature study was to identify factors that affect the nurse's in theencounter with patientes who have substance abuse problems. The method was ageneral literature study with eight scientific articles that were analyzed using fivesteps for analysis of qualitative research. The results were presented in threecategorie's; the nurse´s competence, the nurse´s cultural background and experienceand the nurse´s aids. Factors that affect the nurse in the meeting with patients whohave substance abuse problems are the nurse´s competence, cultural background andexperience also what aids are available for the nurse’s nursing. The conclusion is thatwhen the nurse shows commitment and non-judgemental support in the meeting withpatients who have substance abuse problems, good care relationship with open communication and good pain relief can be achieved.