The purpose of this thesis has been to trace and examine the development of Wesleyan attitudes, and the actions which resulted therefrom towards the task of the evangelisation of the eastern districts of the Cape Colony and "Caffreland". These attitudes were conditioned throughout by the fact that they held certain religious principles as paramount. It is an attempt to clarify what was involved on the ecclesiastical side in this period of Wesleyan and South African history. A considerable amount of attention has been given, by various writers, to the history of the south-eastern area of South Africa in the first half of the nineteenth century. Some works have either been concerned with the more general history of the time or with the position of all the missionaries within the total political sphere. Others have concentrated on the Wesleyans particularly, either in a very general sense or in relation to one particular event, or the later decades or this half century. The period 1823 to 1833 was chosen because it covered the period of the origin of Wesleyan strategy and its first distinct phases. Where after it may be considered to have reached full maturity and become the basis of all future action in the succeeding decades. Wesleyan strategy was, to a large extent, a reaction to government policies and requires, throughout, such a consideration. The Wesleyan Missionary Society was chosen, not because on any denominational affiliations, but because of the part which it played in these areas during that time and has since played in the annuals of eastern Cape history. The approach has been to present the relevant documents in chronological order. This was done to emphasise the development over the years. Chapters have consequently been divided according to the stages or phases of this development. It has meant that subsidiary question which arise from this development have not been dealt with separately, but simply referred to as they occur. One point remains. Wesleyan correspondence from the Eastern Cape between 1837 and 1857 has disappeared from the archives of the Methodist Missionary Society in London. All attempts to trace these letters have proved futile. Consequently, it was necessary to reproduce a couple of quotes from letters contained in this correspondence which is referred to by D. Williams and C. Roxborough who had access to this material.

The first chapter deals with the concept of mission history, the choice of research method, the phases of mission work in Sekhukhuneland and the establishment of the different congregations in the Presbytery of Burger. The second chapter contains the story of the Pedi and their country, as well as that of other groups like the Swazi and the Ndebele. From Chapter 3 the pioneering mission work of evangelists and missionaries is described. The role that evangelist Phillipus Mantsene played since 1875 until his death in 1915, as well as his supporters, Rev and Mrs AP Burger, laid the foundation for the involvement of the Transvaal Vrouesendingvereniging, which was established on 15th November 1905. This led to the calling of Rev and Mrs AJ Rousseau, who pioneered the first mission station in Sekhukhuneland, called BURGER, which was officially opened in 1929 (Chapter 8). This is followed by a description of the monumental work done by missionary Jacobus Murray Louw at Maandagshoek Mission Station from 1st April 1944 to January 1962. The first black missionary for this area, Rev EM Phatudi, was ordained with him on 27th March 1943 at Mphahlele, and for a few years the two worked together in Sekhukhuneland. Phatudi’s mother, who was the daughter of the late Kgoši Sekhukhune and his father, chief Mmutle III, saw to it that he became a special person in the history of the DRC Mission. He was one of the great leaders of the NGKA, as will be seen in Chapter 10. Since partnership is the theme that dominates in this research, ample space is given to the work of evangelists in the history of the DRC’s support mission in Sekhukhuneland. They were the missionaries’ partners in establishing the Kingdom of God among the Pedi, Swazi and Ndebele of Sekhukhuneland. With the help of Rev MJ Mankoe who served in the congregation of Burger (Chapter 26), I have been able to paint several life-sketches of the early pioneering evangelists who worked diligently and under difficult circumstances, shoulder to shoulder with the missionaries (Chapter 11). The history of each of the mission stations which functioned in Sekhukhuneland is dealt with in Chapters 12 to 14. The missionaries who pioneered these stations and their co-workers made a major contribution to the growth of the mission church and the forming of the Presbytery of Burger. The history of each of these mission stations, as well as the different congregations resulting from these stations, is described. The time came for consolidating the borders and the placing of black ministers. This was the work of the Planning Commission of the Presbytery of Burger in 1965 and 1966. Chapters 16 to 22 describe the borders, different wards and names of the congregations. The strategy behind this was to ensure that the missionaries, white and black, could occupy equal posts. Once this was completed, a new phase of partnership came into being, as described in Chapters 24 to 30. During this time the phasing out of evangelists took place, as is dealt with in Chapter 31. The two legs that carried missionary work up to this stage became weaker and weaker. Firstly, evangelists left or became full ministers, and secondly the need for a white minister or white missionary fell away. It has also been necessary to describe the circumstances, experiences, views and contributions made by missionaries to prepare the step-out and take-over stages of the phasing-out period from Church-Mission partnership towards full independence and Church-Church partnership. In Chapter 33 a bird’s eye view is taken of the phases of partnership in the DRC’s mission work in Sekhukhuneland. One has to conclude that the circumstances and conditions of the members of the NGKA were harsh. They were struggling against poverty, difficult living conditions, sickness and unemployment. The endeavour for unity among churches, the great topics of church growth and the development of their church to full financial independence could not receive their full attention. In conclusion, I reflect on post-1994 developments in a wider context, based on the study of the previous phases. I also look at the DRC since 1994, asking whether the DRC is still serious about mission work and the mission call. Another chapter was added to reflect on partnership, asking whether this was the answer to problems and tensions. A historical journey since Whitby (1947) is taken and the role the Ecumenical Movements have played since then in the young churches in South Africa is summarized. The great concepts of missio Dei, kerygma, diakonia and koinonia are evaluated in the light of partnership and obedience which was the theme of Whitby, but also the theme that caused continual dialogue, especially amongst the Evangelicals and the Ecumenical Movements. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted

Missionary aspects of the Visitation of Virgin Mary to Elisabeth (Luke 1:36-45). This work deals with the pericope "Visitation of Elizabeth" in the Gospel of Luke as the precursor of Jesus' missionary journey through the earth into the Kingdom of God. First the exegetical issues of individual verses are described followed by commentaries and interpretative notes of several exegetes using various translations of the Sacred Scripture. Next subject is the journey, as described in Luke's gospel, as well as the missionary view of the journey of the Virgin Mary to visit his relative Elizabeth, as well as the life journey of every man which leads to the Kingdom of God, which is a theme of Jesus Christ's preaching on his way to Jerusalem (Gospel of Luke). The work attempts to capture the necessary features of missionaries that can be identified in the pericope of the Virgin Mary on the road to Elizabeth. Elizabeth herself, as the person to whom the Virgin Mary was sent as a missionary is also an important topic in this work. Elisabeth shows the task and mission of the missionary himself, not only to bring and show Christ to others, but also to enable him to whom he is sent to confess his faith and show his piety. Keywords Virgin Mary, Elisabeth, mission, journey, Jesus Christ, visitation, missionary

This volume discusses everyday life in the Leipzig Mission's Kilimanjaro 'mission field', 1893-1939. The study focuses upon interaction and transculturation in boarding schools and hospitals, as well as at festivals. / Dieser Band beschäftigt sich mit dem kolonialen Alltag der Leipziger Missionare auf dem 'Missionsfeld' Kilimanjaro in den Jahren 1893-1939. Die Studie fokussiert sich auf die Interaktion und Transkulturation in Internaten und Krankenhäusern, sowie bei Festen.

The aim of the thesis "Analysis of the Pontifical Missionary Societies' (PMS) Activities in the Czech Republic" is to determine to what extent the activities of Czech PMS are truly missionary. First, basic terms are defined: mission, charity, humanitarian aid, and development assistance (Chapter 1). What they all have in common is caring for others; charity and mission have religious motivation and are carried out by the Church, whereas humanitarian aid and development assistance are matters of a secular state (though in everyday use the terms are often confused). Charity, i. e. selfless help to those in need, does not have a religious goal, it is not an instrument of evangelization unlike mission, whose aim it is to proclaim the Gospel (Chapter 2). Mission lies at the heart of the PMS on a worldwide scale and for this purpose they were established: Society for the Propagation of the Faith 1822, Society of the Holy Childhood 1843, Society of St. Peter the Apostle 1889, and Missionary Union 1916 (Chapter 3). Since their renewal in the CR in 1993 the Societies have developed a wide range of membership forms and activities, and collection yields have grown tenfold (Chapter 4). What the money is spent on determines the basic character of the institution. Exact data of the National Office for 2011 and 2012 show...

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Two control groups and two experimental groups of missionaries and teachers participated in a study comparing a grammar-based method of teaching to a context-based method. The study lasted for two weeks during June 1997. Each classroom was recorded using a timing-based observation system that captured 13 missionary and teacher language behaviors. The behaviors were recorded in real time and later evaluated to determine in which classroom setting the most real communication occurred. A second purpose was to determine the effectiveness of teacher training with respect to teachers in the experimental group. Findings revealed that missionaries in the context-based classroom received and participated in a significantly greater amount of meaningful language interactions, while missionaries in the control groups spend a significantly greater amount of time participating in rote-type language interactions. Furthermore, data suggests that by training the experimental teachers, their confidence and teaching ability improved. Data also suggested a relation between teacher language behaviors and missionary behaviors. Suggestions are made regarding further application of the context-based curriculum and teacher training and observation mechanisms as to what developers will need to include in a broader implementation of this study.

The history of Mormon Exhibits in world expositions is an important chapter in the over-all accounting of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints total missionary program. In seeking more proficient means for accomplishing this task, involvement in world expositions offered a fresh opportunity to which the Church quickly responded. Finances, inexperience, non-acceptance by the world religious community and struggle for security appeared to be significant obstacles to extensive activity in early world's fairs. Eventually as the Church strengthened, it became less the national spectacle and significantly was given its first real world's fair opportunity in an exhibit sponsored by the Smithsonian Institute at the 1909 exposition. The first totally religious Mormon exhibit was at Chicago in 1933 and the first Mormon pavilion was built for the 1935 San Diego Exposition. The Church has since sponsored five pavilions and has noted that from the standpoint of number of people influenced, compared to missionary man-hours expended, there has been no greater success experienced by the Church than in recent world fair involvements.

Every foreign missionary is confronted with one basic task. Without its successful accomplishment his work as a missionary will fail. It is the task of learning the language of the people among whom he is working. However laudable his motives may be, however great his consecration, and however capable he may be in many tasks, if he fails to gain the ability to understand readily speech addressed to him or to communicate his own thoughts intelligibly and accurately to them, he is working behind a closed door — a door which he failed to unlock, It is the purpose of this study (1) to inquire into the objectives and methods of language study; (2) to determine what preparation can actually be given the student for the task of learning the language; (3) to outline the courses to be offered. As not all missionaries have the same work, it will also be necessary to determine what courses would be an advantage to every missionary, and what additional courses are to be expected of those who have a more specialized language, teaching or theological task.

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