After the establishment of the mission stations in Hong Kong and Shanghai, the missionaries of LMS began to undertake several mission activities such as building churches, education, translation and publishing activities and medical missions. Chapter 4, 5 will introduce the missionary activities, such as education, publish and Bible translation that engaged in the Anglo-Chinese College of Hong Kong and the LMS Press of Shanghai. Based on these facts, I will expose the role of LMS missionaries in the Sino-western culture conflict and exchange, and the Christian mission indigenization in China. / After the Opium War, under the diplomatic and military pressure of the west powers, the government of Qing was forced to give up the policy of forbidding the propagation of Christianity. Protestant Missions, like that of Catholic, gained legal status, and they could begin the process to entering China inland. After the occupation of Hong Kong by the British according to the Nanjing Treaty, LMS which sent missionaries to China began to move the missionary base to this colony. It decided that Benjamin Hobson and James Legge who once worked in Malacca took the responsibility of mission in Hong Kong. And Anglo-Chinese College at Malacca was also moved to Hong Kong, then became the mission station of LMS in Hong Kong. Meanwhile, the five ports, i.e. Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai, were opened, the LMS missionaries immediately resumed their exercises in Guangzhou, and opened new mission stations in other ports. Walter Henry Medhurst once worked in Batavia and William Lockhart went to Shanghai and established the LMS Press as a mission station in Shanghai. Chapter 3 will tell the stories of the early LMS missionaries leading by James Legge and W. H. Medhurst whose worked in Hong Kong and Shanghai respectively. / Chapter 6 will concern those detailed things occurred in Tai-ping rebellion movement and the 2nd Opium War. I want to explain the effects of the colonialism and the Chinese social turbulence to the missionaries. / In Chapter 7, at the conclusion of the thesis, I hope to make a righteous evaluation of these missionaries' various works in China. / Many articles and books on the history of the Protestant missions in China have been published, and some of them deal with the LMS missionaries and the early times of the mission history. Chapter 1 of this thesis surveys and comments upon the past results of research concerning this theme, and points out that such publications have laid foundation for my research, but there are still many problems should be studies thoroughly and systematically. / The period from 1807 to 1840 is the beginning and preparing era for the Protestant missions to China. In 1807, Robert Morrison, a missionary sent by LMS arrived in Guangzhou. His arrival marked the beginning of the LMS missionary enterprises in China. Because the government of Qing was tightly forbad propagation of Christianity, Robert Morrison and William Milne, another missionary sent by LMS, decided to organize "The Ultra-Ganges Mission", and founded a headquarter in Malacca named "Anglo-Chinese College". Afterwards, many Protestant missionaries, including LMS missionaries came to the South East Asia and undertook many tasks, such as learning Chinese, translation, publication and medical mission. Chapter 2 will introduce these activities of LMS missionaries in SEA at the period of "waiting for China". / The topic of this thesis is the history of the LMS (London Missionary Society) missionary movement in Hong Kong and Shanghai in the early period and focuses on the two missionary agencies, Anglo-Chinese College in Hong Kong and London Missionary Society Press in Shanghai. These two missionary agencies were important stages for the early Protestant LMS missionaries to play a key role in the evangelization and communication in China. / 俞強. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(p. 161-179). / Adviser: Hok Ming Cheung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: A, page: 0689. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (p. 161-179). / Yu Qiang.

Text in German / Summary in German and English / Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau in kleinen Gemeinden anhand von acht Interviews mit Pastoren kleiner Pfingstgemeinden, welche anhand der Methode von Grounded Theory und Teilen der SWOT-Analyse ausgewertet wurden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Diskussion um den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau in kleinen Gemeinden anzuregen, wie auch das Potenzial kleiner Gemeinden sichtbar zu machen. Nach einer thematischen Einführung entlang eines historischen Überblicks über die Paradigmen der Weltmission und der Beleuchtung der aktuellen Diskussion um den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau, wird nach einer kurzen Einführung der Methoden auf die Resultate der Auswertung der Interviews eingegangen. Danach werden diese anhand von SWOT analysiert. Die daraus resultierenden Strategievorschläge werden dann abschliessend ins Gespräch mit der behandelten Literatur gebracht. / The present essay investigates the missionary church building of small churches by means of eight interviews with ministers of small pentecostal churches evaluated by the method of Grounded Theory and parts of the SWOT analysis. The aim of this essay is to stimulate the discussion about the missionary church building in small churches as well as make appear the potential of small churches. A thematic introduction along with a historical survey over the paradigm of the world-wide mission and examining the current discussion about the missionary church building of the church is followed by a short introduction of the methods. Then the results of the interview evaluations are entered in and analysed by SWOT. Finally the conclusions of the strategic suggestions are brought under dialogue with the literature that has been dealt with. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)

Developments in Information and Communication Technologies are rapidly breaking down the barriers of time and place that may have previously limited learning to those able to access campus-based programmes. Distance learning, or e-learning, offers exciting opportunities to cross cultural borders and open up the world of education in ways inconceivable even a few years ago. This study considered how e-learning can be used to effectively deliver training to those involved in Christian mission work. Holistic mission training aims to equip the whole person head, heart and hands for Christian service, especially in cross-cultural contexts. Particularly in the Western world, this training has traditionally taken place within face-to-face learning communities, with e-learning s place as a delivery mode being a matter for debate. The research set out to identify and define the key criteria required for the effective delivery of holistic mission training through e-learning and conceptualise those criteria within a framework. A multimethod research design was adopted combining qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify and define the key criteria for effective mission training and effective e-learning and the main challenges in delivering mission training through e-learning, along with potential solutions. Further criteria were found through action research to develop and evaluate a programme of holistic mission training delivered through e-learning. The study contributes to knowledge by identifying for the first time the elements, factors and conditions that can enable holistic mission training to be delivered effectively through e-learning and setting them within a framework to facilitate the development and evaluation of e-learning programmes. The findings highlight principles applicable to different learning situations, cultures and technologies and are largely transferable to other disciplines.

The present study examines the relationship between the practices of schooling and classroom teaching and learning on the one hand and learners’ cognitive development and functioning on the other. The study uses innovative system of ideas in developmental and educational psychology, originally formulated by Lev Vygotsky to investigate the interrelations between learning, instruction and development. Carried out in a rapidly changing socio-cultural context of Venda, South Africa, the study examines the realities of schooling practices that exhibit both continuity with the past practices of society and some profound transformations that together lead to a multi-dimensional and a complex picture of cognitive development in learners. By examining the relations between the cultural practices of schooling and its socio-historical context on the one hand, and the consequent psychological process on the other hand, the present study offers an opportunity for exploring processes that may be more opaque in relatively stable socio-cultural contexts of schooling. The observations on the history of schooling in South Africa in general, and in Venda in particular, support the theoretical formulation that particular practices of schooling, themselves originating from and continuing larger social-historical processes, represent contexts in which learning and development take place and are shaped. The empirical investigations revealed that even the socio-cultural contexts of schooling characterized by strong ruptures, such as in South Africa, nonetheless carry on some vestiges of their past practices that affect today’s learning and development of learners. The study concludes, extending the prevailing theoretical formulation, that the social and cultural setting of schooling in Venda is multifaceted; manifesting xvi. instances of indigenous practices, the traditions of past missionary practices, as well as the traditions of the past, apartheid schooling. By taking into account these socio-cultural influences, the study provides crucial insights into the regularities of cognitive and conceptual developmental processes taking place in conditions of rapid social change in the course of the schooling of today’s children in Venda. The study furthers our understanding about the regularities of the socio-cultural and historical processes of schooling in conditions of rapid social change, and concludes by proposing ways of improving contemporary educational practice in South Africa, grounded in sound psychological knowledge and research about school transformation and classroom teaching and learning improvement.

O trabalho focaliza as controvérsias que se seguem ao evento da epidemia de cóleramorbus deflagrada na província de Pernambuco no ano de 1855, em torno de práticas e terapias que foram mobilizadas no combate à moléstia. O fio condutor da análise são os embates que se estabeleceram entre a medicina acadêmica e outras formas terapêuticas - particularmente de homeopatas, leigos, negros e índios. Adicionalmente, o trabalho procura pontos de intersecção entre a emergência de um projeto moderno de medicina e a religião, acompanhando a reflexão e a prática produzidas pelos missionários capuchinhos italianos sobre a epidemia. / The work focuses on the controversy following the event of the epidemic of choleramorbus triggered in the province of Pernambuco in the year 1855, around practices and therapies that have been mobilized to fight the disease. The guiding thread of the analysis are the shocks that have been established between academic medicine and other therapeutic methods - particularly of homeopaths, lay people, blacks and indians. Additionally, the work searches points of intersection between the emergence of a modern project of medicine and religion, accompanying the reflection and practice produced by italian capuchin missionaries on the epidemic.

O objetivo desta reflexão é empreender uma análise sobre o processo de constituição da surdez como particularidade étnico-lingüística. Primeiramente, o foco privilegiado é a comparação etnográfica e histórica das práticas de algumas instituições religiosas - Igreja Católica, Igreja Batista e Testemunhas de Jeová que têm se ocupado da atividade missionária com surdos. Como procedimento metodológico, a atenção esteve voltada para a dimensão performativa dos rituais dessas instituições, com a intenção de revelar como elas produzem diferenças entre pessoas surdas e ouvintes em termos de língua e cultura. Compõem também o universo empírico, dicionários religiosos e manuais de evangelismo referentes à surdez. Em um segundo momento, a intenção é revelar a circulação de agentes religiosos em outras instâncias, tais como, movimento social, instituições universitárias e mercado (que emerge relacionado à língua brasileira de sinais libras). As trocas entre esses domínios religiosos e não religiosos foram constitutivas para o engendramento da surdez como particularidade étnico-lingüística traduzida em normatividade jurídica no interior do Estado-nação. / The aim of this study is analyze the process of deaf as ethno-linguistic particularity. First of all we built an ethnographic and historical comparison between the practices of some religious institutions - Catholic Church, Baptist Church and Jehovahs Witnesses - that have engaged in missionary activity with the deaf. As a methodological procedure, attention was focused on the performance of these institutions rituals, with the intention of revealing how they produce differences between deaf and hearing people in terms of language and culture. Also the empirical universe constitutes religious dictionaries and evangelism manuals relative to deaf. In a second moment, the intention is to reveal the movement of religious agents in other instances, such as social movements, academic institutions and markets (that emerge related to the Brazilian Sign Language -LBS). As will be shown, the exchanges between these domains religious and nonreligious were constitutive for the engendering of deaf as ethno-linguistic particularity in legal universe inside the nation-state.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudio Antonio Delfino.pdf: 822227 bytes, checksum: 2e59104ecb97bab70ae93b9080ada861 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-13 / The focal point of this research is to reflect on the Christian marriage in the current reality. For that purpose we define as the primary hypothesis of our research to check which are the main theological-pastoral prospective of the Church to guide the experience of Christian marriage, given the unstable and complex contemporary reality. In order to do what was proposed in this primary hypothesis, we established three secondary hypotheses, corresponding to each of the chapters in this way: a) to critically analyze the contemporary reality from pre-established principles, showing how it can interfere with the way of being and thinking of the people, especially within the marriage and family life, requiring from the Church in its mission of evangelization, responses to new emerging aspirations; b) to present the fundamental notes of Christian marriage, basing on the biblical and theological foundations of this; c) to detect the major theological-pastoral prospective of the Church to guide the experience of Christian marriage, given the unstable and complex contemporary reality, based on what we presented in the previous two chapters. We believe that the importance of these considerations consist in the fact that we have to continually reaffirm the fundamental human and Christian values of marriage and family, especially at a time when we experience a phenomenon called change of season. The Church, in its mission to evangelize, cannot ignore the changing needs and challenges that people experience in their marriage and family life every day. Fidelity to Jesus Christ and sensitivity with the joys and hopes, sorrows and sufferings of men and women of our time, are two sides of the same coin that the Church cannot ignore. At the end of our research we concluded that the main theological-pastoral prospective that the Church must implement in the orientation of marriage and family life are as follows: the need to examine in depth though faith and reason its ecclesial comprehension of the reality of marriage and family; to promote a sincere pastoral conversion, from a mere maintenance pastoral to an authentically missionary pastoral; need to strengthen and innovate a missionary Family Ministry / O objetivo central desta pesquisa é refletir sobre o matrimônio cristão na realidade atual. Para tal fim definimos como hipótese primária da nossa investigação verificar quais seriam as principais prospectivas teológico-pastorais da Igreja para orientar a vivência do matrimônio cristão, diante da instável e complexa realidade contemporânea. A fim de realizarmos o que foi proposto nesta hipótese primária, estabelecemos três hipóteses secundárias, correspondentes a cada um dos capítulos, desta maneira: a) analisar criticamente a realidade contemporânea a partir de princípios pré-estabelecidos, mostrando como esta pode interferir no modo de ser e pensar das pessoas, especialmente no interior da vida matrimonial e familiar, requerendo da Igreja, em sua missão evangelizadora, respostas aos novos anseios emergentes; b) apresentar as notas fundamentais do matrimônio cristão, baseando-nos na fundamentação bíblico-teológica deste; c) detectar as principais prospectivas teológicopastorais da Igreja para orientar a vivência do matrimônio cristão, diante da instável e complexa realidade contemporânea, com base no que apresentamos nos dois capítulos anteriores. Cremos que a importância desta reflexão consiste no fato de termos que, continuamente, reafirmar os valores humanos e cristãos fundamentais do matrimônio e da família, especialmente, num tempo em que experimentamos um fenômeno denominado mudança de época. A Igreja, em sua missão evangelizadora, não pode prescindir dos novos anseios e desafios que as pessoas vivenciam no quotidiano matrimonial e familiar. Fidelidade a Jesus Cristo e sensibilidade com as alegrias e esperanças, tristezas e sofrimentos dos homens e mulheres do nosso tempo, são duas faces da mesma moeda que ela não pode desprezar. Ao final de nossa pesquisa concluímos que as principais prospectivas teológico-pastorais que a Igreja deve empreender na orientação da vida matrimonial e familiar são as seguintes: necessidade de aprofundar a partir da fé e da razão a sua compreensão eclesial acerca da realidade do matrimônio e da família; promover uma sincera conversão pastoral, passando de uma mera pastoral de manutenção a uma pastoral autenticamente missionária; necessidade de fortalecer e inovar uma Pastoral Familiar missionária

La nécessité de protéger le clergé, fait partie du mécanisme général de solidarité qui permet d’assurer une couverture contre les risques de l’existence. En parlant des risques de l’existence, nous rencontrons la question de la protection ou, mieux, de la Sécurité sociale. Nous prenons acte d’anciennes limitations posées par les premiers temps d’évolution de la Sécurité sociale qui réservaient cette solidarité à des professionnels, aux travailleurs salariés surtout.Face à une telle limitation, les clercs séculiers et les congréganistes se sont donc trouvés obligés de recourir, pours’assurer, à des systèmes conçus dans le cadre de la Prévoyance sociale libre. Il s’agit de systèmes qui fonctionnent à peu près uniquement avec les cotisations des membres assurés. Ils prévoient des conditions d’adhésion adaptées aux structures de l’Eglise et respectent les règles canoniques par le consensus mutualiste. Ce régime mutualiste était conçu dans un cadre national, parce qu’il ne concernait au début que les prêtres du clergé diocésain dont les problèmes s’inscrivaient justement dans ce cadre. Mais ces institutions mutualistes nationalesse sont parfois ouvertes aux membres du clergé régulier, missionnaire. C’est le cas de l’adhésion de nombreux instituts religieux à la Mutuelle Saint-Martin du clergé diocésain en France. Toutefois, la création de la mutuelle Saint-Martin et son ouverture aux religieux et religieuses n’a résolu que partiellement la question concernant les religieux et religieuses. Car certains membres de cette catégorie des ministres du culte catholique romain exercent leur ministère partout où la mission de l’Eglise les attend. Pour résoudre ce nouvel écueil, il est apparu nécessaire à la conférence des Supérieurs Majeurs de mettre en place une autre structure capable de prendre en charge également les missionnaires. C’est le rôle que va assumer désormais l’Entraide Missionnaire Internationale, bien que la vie religieuse soit en elle-même une structure de Protection sociale. / The need to protect the clergy belongs to the general mechanism of solidarity that provides a coveragainst the risks of existence. The expression “risks of existence” implies the question of protection or, better, ofsocial Security. We take note of the old limitations posed by the first periods of the development of socialSecurity which reserved that solidarity to professionals, particularly, to remunerated workers.Faced with such a limitation, both the secular clergy and Order members were obliged to resort, in order toinsure their lives, to systems conceived in the framework of free social insurance. This is about systems thatfunction almost exclusively with contributions from insured members. They provide subscription conditionsadapted to the structures of the Church and respect the canonical rules by mutual benefit society consensus. Thismutual regime was conceived in a national framework, because, in the beginning, it concerned only priests fromthe diocesan clergy whose problems were fitted into this framework. But these national mutual institutions haveoften been open to members of the regular and missionary clergy. Such is the case of the subscription ofnumerous religious institutions to Saint-Martin Mutual of the diocesan clergy in France. However, the creationof Saint-Martin Mutual and its opening up to male and female religious has only partly solved the questionconcerning the religious. Indeed, some members of this category of ministers of the Roman Catholic cultexercise their ministry wherever the mission of the Church expects them. To solve this new stumbling block, ithas appeared necessary to the Major Superiors Conference to create another structure able to take alsomissionaries in charge. Such is the role that the International Missionary Mutual Aid henceforth fulfils, thoughthe religious life itself is a structure of social Protection.

Orientador: Dulce Consuelo A. Whitaker / Banca: João Augusto Gentilini / Banca: Sandra Alvarenga Reis / Banca: Maria Antonia Vieira Soares / Banca: Angela Viana Machado Fernandes / Resumo: No século XIX, após as frustrações das tentativas de franceses, na Bahia da Guanabara, e holandeses no Nordeste, o protestantismo paulatinamente inicia um processo de inserção no Brasil Monárquico, em uma nação, que pela lei do padroado, não diferenciava religião e Estado. Essa inserção de seu de muitas maneiras, por meio da imigração, de empreendimentos missionários, da implantação de escolas e também por iniciativas individuais. Uma dessas iniciativas foi o trabalho do casal Robert e Sarah Kalley. Robert Kalley, médico e missionário voluntário, financiado por fortuna pessoal, após sua expulsão da Ilha da Madeira e breve passagem pelos Estados Unidos da América, vem para o Brasil e fixa residência em Petrópolis. Funda a primeira Igreja Evangélica em solo brasileiro - A Igreja Evangélica Fluminense. Sarah Kalley, missionária e educadora, acompanhando seu marido, desenvolve um trabalho educacional religioso e secular no Rio de Janeiro, em um momento histórico em que o Estado Monárquico não valorizava a educação. Em seus escritos encontramos marcas de uma ideologia racional e moderna, divulgada em uma nação monárquica e escravocrata. Nesta tese, esses escritos são analisados a partir do conceito de ideologia como visão de mundo elaborado por Gramsci. Essas análises nos levam a pensar que, como intelectuais orgânicos, o casal Kalley se julga portadores de uma missão, a qual, a reboque da difusão do protestantismo, transmite também uma visão de mundo pautada na racionalidade e modernidade / Abstract: In 19th century, after attempts' frustrations of Frenchmen, in Bahia of Guanabara, and Dutchman in the North-eastern, the Protestantism gradually initiates a process of insertion in Monarchical Brazil, in a nation, which by law called the padroado, didn't differentiates religion and State. This insertion happened of lot ways, by immigration, missionaries enterprise, by establishment of schools and also by individual initiatives. One of these initiatives was the work of the couple Robert and Sarah Kalley. Robert Kalley, doctor and voluntary missionary, financed by personal richness, after its expulsion of Wood Island and passage by the United States of America, come for Brazil to live in Petrópolis. In the Rio de Janeiro city establishes the first Brazilian Gospel Church - The Fluminense Evangelic Church. Sarah Kalley, missionary and educator, following her husband, develops a religious and secular educational work in Rio de Janeiro, at a historical moment when the Monarchic State did not value the education.In their writings we found marks of the rational and modern ideology, revealed in a monarchical nation which allowed slave. In this thesis, these writings are analyzed starting from the concept ideology like vision of world worked out by Gramsci. These analyses make us to think that, like organic intellectuals, the Kalley couple judges conveyors a mission, which, the trailer of the diffusion of the Protestantism, transmit also a vision of world regulated in rationality and a modernity / Doutor

O trabalho focaliza as controvérsias que se seguem ao evento da epidemia de cóleramorbus deflagrada na província de Pernambuco no ano de 1855, em torno de práticas e terapias que foram mobilizadas no combate à moléstia. O fio condutor da análise são os embates que se estabeleceram entre a medicina acadêmica e outras formas terapêuticas - particularmente de homeopatas, leigos, negros e índios. Adicionalmente, o trabalho procura pontos de intersecção entre a emergência de um projeto moderno de medicina e a religião, acompanhando a reflexão e a prática produzidas pelos missionários capuchinhos italianos sobre a epidemia. / The work focuses on the controversy following the event of the epidemic of choleramorbus triggered in the province of Pernambuco in the year 1855, around practices and therapies that have been mobilized to fight the disease. The guiding thread of the analysis are the shocks that have been established between academic medicine and other therapeutic methods - particularly of homeopaths, lay people, blacks and indians. Additionally, the work searches points of intersection between the emergence of a modern project of medicine and religion, accompanying the reflection and practice produced by italian capuchin missionaries on the epidemic.