Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:02:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 falconi_rs_dr_jabo.pdf: 462689 bytes, checksum: 42abeacab4477b5b5f9c60e4dc837ef9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundecitrus / Avaliou-se, em casa de vegetação, o desenvolvimento populacional do ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis e severidade da leprose em plantas de laranja da variedade Pêra, enxertadas sobre limão Cravo e as tangerinas Cleópatra e Sunki, com aproximadamente 9 meses de idade, submetidas a diferentes condições de deficiência hídrica. Os tratamentos foram estabelecidos em função da Capacidade de Campo (CC) e da fração de esgotamento de água (p) do solo, como segue: T1=25%CC (p=0,25); T2=40%CC (p=0,40); T3=55%CC (p=0,55); T4=70%CC (p=0,70). Decorridos 60 dias da indução ao estresse, realizou-se a colonização das mudas com 25 ácaros infectados e não infectados com o vírus da leprose, procedentes de uma criação sobre frutos com e sem lesões da doença. Os ácaros permaneceram colonizando às plantas por 55 dias, findos os quais, avaliou-se, em laboratório, sua população, contando-se o número de ovos, larvas, ninfas e adultos. Durante a colonização do B. phoenicis, avaliaram-se os sintomas da leprose, iniciando-se 21 dias após a colonização das plantas, e a intervalos de 7 dias. Empregou-se uma escala de notas visual para avaliar a severidade da leprose com base no número de lesões de leprose nos ramos, folhas e desfolha. Conclui-se que a disponibilidade de água para a planta influencia no desenvolvimento de B. phoenicis, visto que, em plantas submetidas a 25%CC, o número de ácaros foi maior que nos demais regimes hídricos, decrescendo à medida que a disponibilidade de água foi maior, atingindo seu menor índice populacional aos 70%CC. Em relação à severidade da leprose, as plantas submetidas a 25 e 40%CC obtiveram notas mais altas, evidenciando maior suscetibilidade... / It was assessed, in greenhouse, the interaction of the leprosis mite Brevipalpus phoenicis with orange plants Pêra grafted on lemon Cravo variety and on tangerines Cleopatra and Sunki, with about 9 months old, submitted on different condition of water deficits and mite infestation. The treatments were determinate in a function of both, Field Capacity (CC) and soil water drain fraction (p), as this: T1=25%CC (p=0,25); T2=40%CC (p=0,40); T3=55%CC (p=0,55); T4=70%CC (p=0,70). After 60 days of stress induction, was made the colonization of plants with 25 mites that were reared on oranges with and without leprosis symptoms. The mites stayed in the plants for 55 days, after what, its population, counting the number of eggs, grub, nymphs and adults were assessed, in laboratory. During the B. phoenicis colonization, were assessed the leprosis symptoms, starting 21 days after the plants colonization, at intervals of 7 days. To this was used a notes ranking basing in the number of leprosies symptoms in the branches, leaves and desfoliate. Was concluded that the water availability had influence in B. phoenicis development, foundation that the plants submitted on 25%CC, had mite population higher than the others treatments, decreasing with the increase water availability, hitting the lowest population index on 70%CC. In relation with leprosis symptoms, plants submitted on 25 and 40%CC had the highest notes, evidencing more susceptibility of this plants to the disease and faster evolution of the symptoms. The rootstock Cravo and Cleopatra were more susceptible to the mite, showing the biggest population, 134,8 and 125,9 mites respectively, while Sunki showed the lowest population... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Existem fortes evidências de que a supressão da hipersensibilidade nos recém nascidos pode ser mediada pela transferência de anticorpos maternos, dependendo de sua concentração e especificidade, no entanto carece estudos sobre a eficácia em humanos. Realizamos este estudo a fim de caracterizar qualitativa e quantitativamente a transmissão de anticorpos direcionados ao principal alérgeno da poeira domiciliar (Der p) via placenta e colostro materno, assim como investigar o efeito da sensibilização materna ao Der p na transferência passiva destes anticorpos. Para tais objetivos, analisamos amostras de sangue materno, cordão umbilical e colostro de puérperas sensibilizadas. Demonstramos pela primeira vez que S-IgA anti-Der p pode ser transferida ao lactente em concentrações bastante variáveis e com alto índice de avidez, independente da sensibilização materna ao mesmo ácaro. Demonstramos também que o nível de IgG específica ao Der p é mais elevado em recém nascidos de mães sensibilizadas quando comparado aos de mães controle não sensibilizadas. Já a avidez específica da IgG anti-Der p foi muito semelhante entre as amostras pareadas de cordão umbilical e soro materno, assim como em amostras do grupo estudo e grupo controle. / It is known that the incidence of allergic disease has been rising very fast in the last decade and nowadays affects thousands of children worldwide. For this reason, it is of great interest that efficient strategies of prevention of atopy should be applied in the first years of life or even before birth. The are strong evidences that the suppression of hypersensitivity in newborn can be mediated by the transference of maternal antibodies, depending on their concentration and specificity, however still little is known about the mechanisms involving, in special in humans. We made this study aiming to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively the antibodies transmission directed to the main home dust allergen (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Der p) through placental transference and maternal breastfeeding as well as to investigate the maternal sensitizing effect against to Der p in passive transference of these antibodies. For those objectives, we quantified by ELISA, IgG anti-Der p in paired samples of maternal blood and umbilical cord and anti-Der p S-IgA in colostrums of sensitized mother (n=13) and not sensitized (n=26); and we analyzed the functional activity of the same antibodies by avidity assays. The sensibility was determined in maternal sera by specific RAST (Cap System® Pharmacia). We show by the first time that anti-Der p S-IgA is transferred to the infant in very variable concentrations and with high levels of avidity, but is not dependent of maternal sensitization. We believe that breastfeeding is important, because it supplies S-IgA with the capacity to neutralize in a specific manner and block the entrance of Der p through mucosa, in infant of RAST+ mothers as well as of RAST-. We also demonstrate that total and specific to Der p IgG levels are more elevated in newborns of sensitized mothers when compared to of those of control mothers and non-sensitized indicating that the maternal sensitizing can influence the fetal immune response. In the other hand, the specific avidity of anti-Der p IgG was very similar between paired samples of umbilical cord and maternal sera, as well as in samples of study group and control group, suggesting thar the avidity index of IgG does not influence on placental transfer of specific antibodies. Once that the maternal antibody transference represent a important mechanism for immunomodulation of allergic response, we expect that a better understanding of the influence of maternal sensitivity on passive transfer of specific antibodies to babies will contribute with advances in the elaboration of adequate strategies of prevention of allergic sensitivity with more efficient therapeutic results.

Orientador: Ângelo Pires do Prado / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T09:23:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_RaquelSoaresBinottide_D.pdf: 2064191 bytes, checksum: 947400e01f2da61b9ec537f4350e8793 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Ácaros são os principais agentes relacionados ao quadro de sensibilização respiratória de indivíduos atópicos no Brasil, sendo responsáveis por crises de asma, rinite e conjuntivite alérgicas, dentre outros. São encontrados nas residências principalmente em colchões, sofás e tapetes, onde alguns métodos podem ser utilizados para controlar sua infestação. O objetivo desse estudo foi o de avaliar a eficácia acaricida in vitro do produto a base de óleo essencial das plantas Lavandula officinalis e Mentha piperita (Labiatae) contra ácaros Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus e Dermatophagoides farinae (Pyroglyphidae). O efeito acaricide do Produto-Teste foi comparado com vários outros produtos químicos em estudos in vitro e de intervenção. O estudo in vitro foi realizado utilizando culturas acarinas, nas quais os produtos foram diretamente aplicados e em placas de Petri onde um número de ácaros foram colocados em contato com as substâncias testadas. A mortalidade acarina foi avaliada e utilizada para a comparação. O estudo de intervenção foi realizado em 30 residências de pacientes atópicos com asma e/ou rinite. A eficácia do Produto-Teste foi comparada com um produto acaricida comercializado no país através da quantificação de alérgenos acarinos Der p1 e Der f1 por ELISA e pela contagem do número de corpos acarinos nas amostras de poeira coletadas de colchões, sofás e tapetes tratados com um dos produtos pelo período de 6 meses. As implicações clínicas como sintomas alérgicos e segurança aos humanos dos produtos também foram avaliados. O estudo in vitro demonstrou que o efeito acaricida do Produto-Teste foi similar aquele observado com os produtos químicos. No estudo de intervenção, houve uma diminuição significativa nas concentrações dos alérgenos Der p1 e Der f1 nos 3 substratos tratados. Essa diminuição foi semelhante aquela observada com o produto comercial utilizado como controle. Apesar dos resultados, o número de corpos acarinos nas amostras de poeira dos 3 substratos não demonstrou alteração significativa após os 6 meses de tratamento para ambos os produtos testados. Além disso, os produtos foram considerados seguros para uso humano, desde que não foram observados efeitos adversos ou sinais de irritação significativos, embora fosse observado que alguns patientes atópicos presentes no recinto quando da aplicação do produto reclamaram de sintomas respiratórios. Os resultados demonstram que o acaricida contendo óleos essenciais de Lavandula officinalis e Mentha piperita (Labiatae) apresenta significativo efeito in vitro contra ácaros Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus e Dermatophagoides farinae (Pyroglyphidae) e causa uma diminuição significativa nos níveis de Der p1 e Der f1 na poeira de colchões, sofás e tapetes tratados. O produto foi considerado seguro para uso por humanos. / Abstract: House dust mites (HDM) are the greatest source of indoor allergens in Brazil, being closely implicated in respiratory allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinitis. In dwellings, HDM allergens are mainly found on mattresses, sofas and rug surfaces, where several methods such as mattress-covers and acaricides, can be used to control indoor mite infestation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricide effect of an herbal product containing essential oils from Lavandula officinalis and Mentha piperita (Labiatae) against mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae (Pyroglyphidae). The acaricide effect of the Test-product was compared with several other chemical products in in vitro and clinical studies. The in vitro study was conducted using mite cultures, in which the chemical products were directly applied and in Petri dishes where a number of mites were placed in contact with the chemicals tested. Mite mortality was counted and used as comparison. The clinical study was conducted in 30 dwellings of atopic patients with asthma and/or rhinitis. The efficacy of the Test-product was compared with a Brazilian commercial acaricide and was done by ELISA quantification of the mite allergens Der p1 and Der f1 and by the number of body mites on dust collected from a mattress, sofa and rug treated with one of the products for 6 months. Clinical implications in allergic symptoms and the toxicity of the products for humans were also evaluated. The in vitro study showed that the acaricide effect of the Test-product was similar to that observed with the chemical products. In the clinical study, a significant decrease in Der p1 and Der f1 allergens concentrations were observed in all 3 treated sources. This decrease was similar to that observed with the commercial product used as control. Despite these results, the number of mite bodies on dust from all 3 sources presented no significant difference after the 6- months of treatment for both Test- and Control-products. Also, both products were considered safe for human use, since no significant adverse effects or toxicity signals were observed, although, atopic patients who were present in the room when the product was applied complained of respiratory symptoms. Our findings showed that the acaricide containing essential oils from Lavandula officinalis and Mentha piperita (Labiatae) has a significant in vitro effect against mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae (Pyroglyphidae) and caused a significant decrease in Der p1 and Der f1 levels on dust from treated mattresses, sofas and rugs. The product was considered safe for human use. / Doutorado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Doutor em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

Exposição a alérgenos de poeira doméstica é fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças alérgicas. Os objetivos foram estudar a resposta inflamatória pulmonar alérgica induzida pela sensibilização i.n. ou s.c. ao extrato do ácaro Blomia tropicalis (Bt) e avaliar a participação da molécula adaptadora Myd88. Animais C57BL/6 sensibilizados com solução de extrato de Bt adsorvido ao alum exibiram altos níveis de IgE e aumento do número de eosinófilos. Contudo, animais sensibilizados apenas com Bt não apresentaram aumento dos níveis de IgE. Assim, animais C57BL/6 ou MyD88KO foram sensibilizados com uma dose maior do extrato de Bt (i.n. ou s.c.) e desafiados i.n. As sensibilizações produziram aumento do número células no BAL e níveis de IgE. Os parâmetros celulares em animais MyD88KO se mostraram inibidos, contudo, os níveis de IgE foram similares aos dos animais WT. Concluindo, o desenvolvimento de inflamação pulmonar alérgica não requer alum e sensibilização i.n. ou s.c. induz o recrutamento de células, dependente de MyD88 e produção de IgE, independe de MyD88. / Exposure to allergens from house dust is a risk factor for the development of allergic diseases. The objectives were to study the allergic lung inflammatory response induced by sensitization i.n. or s.c. to Blomia tropicalis (Bt) extract and determine the role of MyD88 adapter molecule. C57BL/6 mice sensitized with Bt extract solution adsorbed to alum exhibited high levels of IgE and increased numbers of eosinophils. However, animals sensitized only with Bt did not show increased levels of IgE. Thus, C57BL/6 or MyD88KO mice were sensitized with a higher dose of Bt extract (i.n. or s.c.) and challenged i.n. The sensitization produced increased cell number in BAL and IgE serum levels. Cell parameters were inhibited in MyD88KO mice, however, IgE levels were similar to those of WT mice. In conclusion, the development of allergic lung inflammation does not require alum, i.n. or s.c. sensitization induces cell recruitment dependent of MyD88 adaptor molecule and IgE production is independent of MyD88.

<p> The northern fowl mite (<i>Ornithonyssus sylviarum</i>) is an obligate blood-feeding ectoparasite of poultry that can cause decreased egg production, profit loss, anemia, irritation to flocks and personnel, and death to hens in extreme cases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the northern fowl mite (NFM) on laying hen performance and welfare quality beginning at 17 weeks of age. Two flocks (Trials 1 and 2) involved 800 Tetra Brown hens (n=200 per room) housed in four cage-free rooms at the Purdue University Poultry Unit. Two rooms were infested with NFM and two rooms served as controls. In Trial 1, initial NFM infestation occurred at 24 weeks on 2% (4 hens) in each of the NFM rooms. Because NFM populations were scarce, a second infestation on 2% of hens occurred at 35 weeks. A final attempt to infest with NFM occurred at 41 weeks with all hens in NFM rooms being infested. In Trial 2, initial NFM infestation occurred at 24 weeks on 2% (4 hens) in each of the NFM rooms and a second infestation took place on 2% of hens at 30 weeks of age to boost the NFM population. Egg production and mortality were recorded daily and case weights were recorded weekly. Monthly Welfare Quality® assessments were taken, as well as monthly mite counts on all birds beginning at 28 weeks. Mite checks were conducted periodically on 25% (50 hens) in all rooms between weeks 25 and 38. Data were analyzed in SAS® using the GLM procedure and an ANCOVA and all significant statistical differences were reported at P < 0.05. Proportion of hens with a mite infestation was treated as the covariate. In Trial 1, regardless of treatment, mortality increased dramatically after 21 weeks, leading to a loss of 473 hens by period 7. NFM hen-day production percentage (HD) was approximately 2% lower than the Tetra management guide and control HD was 7% higher than the Tetra management guide. In Trial 1, treatment had an effect on HD, case weights, and feather damage on the belly (P < 0.05). Proportion of hens infested with mites had an effect on percent shell and feather damage on the belly. Cannibalism and pecking in Trial 1 led to extreme feather loss, high mortality, and negatively impacted production parameters. Feather loss and high mortality contributed to the low NFM populations. In Trial 2, percent livability remained high (approximately 97% for both groups) and HD remained slightly lower than the Tetra management guide (9% and 8% lower for control and NFM), respectively. In Trial 2, treatment had an effect on eggs per hen housed, mortality, feather damage on the head and neck, and skin lesions (P < 0.05). Proportion of birds infested with mites had an effect on feather damage on the back, crop, head, and neck (P < 0.05).</p>

Ph.D. THESIS TITLE Nutritional Biology of Synanthropic Mites (Acari: Acaridida) ABSTRACT Several attempts to describe the nutritional biology of acaridid mites were undertaken, however full understanding of these processes remains incomplete. The objective of this Ph.D. thesis was to expand our knowledge concerning digestive physiology of stored product and house dust mites and to apply this knowledge to their nutritional biology. The research approach adopted in this Ph.D. thesis includes in vitro characterization of enzymatic activity in whole mite extracts (WME) and spent growth medium extracts (SGME), evaluation of the enzyme activities with respect to the gut physiological pH, enzyme inhibition experiments, in vivo localization of enzyme activities in the mite gut, determination of effects of nutrient or antifeedant additives in experimental diets on mite population growth and determination of the feeding preferences of synanthropic mites as assessed by in vitro and in vivo analyses. The gut contents of twelve species of synanthropic acaridid mites were determined to be within a pH range of 4 to 7 and showed a pH gradient from the anterior to the posterior midgut. The pH in digestive tract of synanthropic acaridid mites corresponds to the activity of proteases, α-glucosidases, α-amylases and...

The house dust mites (HDM; Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) obtain nutrients from the debris of the skin, hairs and nails, that get off the human and animal body. These debris are covered by microorganisms and the microorganisms are the key factor in the survival of HDM in human-made environments. In this study we made manipulative experiments with the extract from spent growth medium (SPGM). SPGM is the medium after mite cultivation, composed from mite feces, debris of the diet, dead mite bodies and microorganisms. The extract from SPGM (one and three-month-old mite cultures) was used as the source of microorganism to transfer them into diet of D. farinae a D. pteronyssinus. The composition of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes differed between the HDM species, but the SPGM extract addition into diet influenced only the bacterial profile of D. farinae. In the D. farinae microbiome of specimens on SPGM-treated diets compared to those of the control situation, the Lactobacillus spp. profile decreased, while the Cardinium, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Sphingomonas profiles increased. The addition of SPGM extract decreased the microbial respiration in the microcosms with and without mites in almost all cases. Adding SPGM did not influence the population growth of D. farinae,...

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第18526号 / 農博第2083号 / 新制||農||1026(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4870(農学部図書室) / 31412 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 奥本 裕, 教授 米森 敬三, 教授 冨永 達 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Dry-cured hams often become infested with ham mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) during the aging process. Methyl bromide has been used to fumigate dry cured ham processing plants and is the only known fumigant that is effective at controlling ham mite infestations. However, methyl bromide will be phased out of all industries by 2015. This research was designed to 1) determine the efficacy of phosphine fumigation at controlling ham mites and red-legged beetles and its impact on the sensory quality and safety of dry cured hams, and 2) to develop and evaluate the potential of using food-grade film coatings to control mite infestations without affecting the aging process or sensory properties of dry-cured hams. Fumigation trials were conducted in simulated ham aging houses and commercial ham aging houses. Mite postembryonic mortality was 99.8% in the simulated aging houses and >99.9% in commercial aging houses two weeks post fumigation. Sensory tests with trained panelists indicated that there were no detectable differences (P>0.05) between phosphine fumigated and control hams. An analytical method was developed to determine phosphine concentration in ham. In addition, residual phosphine concentration was below the legal limit of 0.01 ppm in ham slices taken from phosphine fumigated hams. Coating trials were conducted on ham cubes and slices. Cubes coated with xanthan gum+20% propylene glycol and carrageenan/propylene glycol alginate+10% propylene glycol were effective at controlling mite infestations under laboratory conditions. Barrier properties (water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability) were measured to estimate the impact of coatings during the aging process. It was evident that carrageenan/propylene glycol alginate were permeable to moisture and therefore could potentially be applied to the hams during the aging process.

Since methyl bromide is an ozone depleting substance, there is a significant need to find effective alternative compounds to control mite infestations on dry cured hams. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the most effective relative humidity and/or temperature to minimize mite reproduction and mold growth on dry cured hams in untreated and food grade ingredient infused nets. Mites on ham slices in untreated nets were reduced from the initial inoculum level of 50 mites per ham slice when exposed to 85% RH at 24, 28, and 32°C. Results indicated that hams should be stored at 85% RH or greater to minimize mite reproduction when xanthan gum and propylene glycol infused nets are used. Nets infused with carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, and propylene glycol, completely inhibited mite reproduction at 85% RH and were effective at controlling mold growth.