Increased trends towards servitization within previously exclusively manufacturing industries makes a larger part of maintenance become the responsibility of the manufacturer. This increased responsibility makes it more important for suppliers to know how different parameters contribute to cost, to be able to price their contracts correctly. Systems Engineering (SE) and Integrated Logistics Support (ILS) are two current methodologies on how to manage large systems. These methodologies are mainly used within defence industries and large capital-intensive infrastructure projects but are today also utilised in civilian industries. With the new methodology of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and the new demands of servitization it becomes more important to know how different parameters affect the final cost of a project during the very early phases of development. Within ILS the parameters Administrative Delay Time (ADT) and Logistics Delay Time (LDT) have previously not received attention proportional to their contribution to overall availability in projects. This thesis is based in literature, interviews of industry professionals, and the study of a real case of an electrical charging infrastructure project currently in development. From these sources multiple paths to resolve the issues with support from ILS, MBSE, SE, and other management literature are explored. Several attributes of the case, and characteristics of MBSE and ILS leads to the conclusion that coupling the methodologies with Lean methods would lead to better insight into where critical points in the explored system are and give ways of resolving issues with ADT and LDT that exist. The combination of MBSE and Lean methods could successfully identify possible critical points in the error handling of the electrical charging infrastructure system early in the process of implementation. Conclusionary the combination of MBSE, ILS, and Lean is a possibly powerful way to identify and improve the availability and consequently the cost of a project in the early stages. / Tjänstefiering är en trend som gör att en allt större del av underhåll inom tidigare endast tillverkande industrier blir tillverkarens ansvar. När detta ansvar ökar blir det viktigare för tillverkaren and veta vilka parametrar som är kostnadsdrivande. Detta för att kunna prissätta sina tjänster korrekt. Systemteknik (SE) och Integrerat Logistikstöd (ILS) är två metodologier som används till att hantera underhåll av stora system. Dessa nyttjas främst inom försvarsindustrin och inom kapitalintensiva infrastrukturprojekt, men används även i privat industri. Med hjälp av en utveckling inom SE, Modellbaserad Systemteknik (MBSE), och med de krav som tjänstefiering innebär så blir vikten av att ha korrekt angivna parametrar tidigt i projektet mer tydlig. Inom ILS är särskilt parametrarna administrativ väntetid (ADT) och logistisk väntetid (LDT) särskilt eftersatta med hänsyn till hur mycket de påverkar tillgängligheten och kostnaderna för systemet. Detta examensarbete baseras på tillgänglig litteratur inom nämnda områden, intervjuer med industrirepresentanter, och dokumentation och intervjuer i ett riktigt fall. Det riktiga fallet är ett pågående projekt för uppbyggnad och underhåll av laddningsinfrastruktur för eldrivna fordon. Från dessa källor utforskades och analyserades flera vägar för hur man skulle kunna förbättra hanteringen av ADT och LDT med grund i litteraturen kring ILS, MBSE, och SE med annan litteratur inom mangament som stöd. Fallets egenskaper, och egenskaper hos ILS och MBSE leder till slutsatsen att en kombination av MBSE och Lean skulle leda till att man lättare kan utforska kritiska delar av ett underhållssystem, och åtgärda existerande problem med ADT och LDT. En kombination av dessa principer kunde identifiera kritiska punkter i felhanteringssystemet hos laddarna i infrastrukturprojektet trots att projektet befann sig tidigt i implementationen. Slutligen kan konstateras att MBSE, ILS och Lean är en möjlig kraftfull kombination för att förbättra tillgängligheten tidigt i ett projekts livscykel.

The Concurrent Design Platform 4 (CDP4®) is a collaborative Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) software tool conceived for architecting complex systems. Nevertheless, there are limitations concerning the manageable number of system options. The upcoming Siemens tool for generative engineering, Simcenter™ Studio, is attempting to overcome this limitation by enabling automatic synthesis and evaluation of architecture variants. The motivation for the Generative Concurrent Design (GCD) project as a collaboration between RHEA, Siemens and OHB is to develop a combined prototype of these two tools. This thesis presents a modelling of Copernicus Next Generation (CNG) space component, using generative capabilities in a typical Phase-0 study. It represents the third step of the bottom-up GCD validation process, intended to investigate how architecting differs among “Sub-system”, “Systems” and “Systems of Systems (SoS)”. Therefore, this work provides an architecting strategy which is generalizable for other SoS use-cases and contributes to assess whether extensions to ECSS-E-TM-10-25 are necessary to successfully support GCD. / Concurrent Design Platform 4 (CDP4®) är ett samarbetsverktyg för modellbaserad systemteknik (MBSE) som utformats för att bygga komplexa system. Dock finns det begränsningar vad gäller det antalet hanterbara systemalternativ. Det kommande Siemens-verktyget för generativ teknik, Simcenter™ Studio, försöker övervinna denna begränsning genom att möjliggöra automatisk syntes och utvärdering av arkitekturvarianter. Motivationen för Generative Concurrent Design (GCD) -projektet som ett samarbete mellan RHEA, Siemens och OHB är att utveckla en kombinerad prototyp av verktygen CDP4® och Simcenter™. Detta examensarbete presenterar en modellering av rymdkomponenten Copernicus Next Generation (CNG) med användning av generativa funktioner i en typisk fas-0-studie. Den representerar det tredje steget i GCD-valideringsprocessen nedifrån och upp, avsedd att undersöka hur arkitekturen skiljer sig åt mellan "Sub-system", "Systems" och "Systems of Systems (SoS)". Detta arbete ger därför en arkitektonisk strategi som är generaliserbar för andra SoS-användningsfall och bidrar till att bedöma om förlängningar till ECSS-E-TM-10-25 är nödvändiga för att framgångsrikt stödja GCD.

Energy and environmental impacts are two factors that will influence urban region composition in the near future. One emerging issue is the effect on water usage resulting from changes in regional or urban transportation trends. With many regions experiencing stresses on water availability, transportation planners and users need to combine information on transportation-related water consumption for any region and assess potential impacts on local water resources from the expansion of alternative transportation modes. This thesis will focus on use-phase water consumption factors for multiple vehicle modes, energy and fuel pathways, roads, and vehicle infrastructure for a given transportation network. While there are studies examining life cycle impacts for energy generation and vehicle usage, few repeatable models exist for assessing overall water consumption across several transportation modes within urban regions. As such, the question is: is it possible to develop a traceable decision support model that combines and assesses water consumption from transportation modes and related mobility infrastructure for a given mobility network? Based on this, an object-oriented system model of transportation elements was developed using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) and Model-Based Systems Engineering principles to compare water consumption across vehicle modes for assessing the resiliency of existing infrastructure and water resources. To demonstrate the intent of this model, daily network usage water consumption will be analyzed for current and alternative network scenarios projected by policies regarding the expansion of alternative energy. The model is expected to show variations in water consumption due to fluctuations in energy pathways, market shares, and driving conditions, from which the model should help determine the feasibility of expanding alterative vehicles and fuels in these networks. While spatially explicit data is limited compared to the national averages that are used as model inputs, the analytical framework within this model closely follows that of existing assessments and the reusable nature of SysML model elements allows for the future expansion of additional transportation modes and infrastructure as well as other environmental analyses.

L'ingénierie des systèmes complexes et systèmes de systèmes conduit souvent à des activités de modélisation (MA) complexes. Les problèmes soulevés par les MA sont notamment : comprendre le contexte dans lequel elles sont exécutées, comprendre l'impact sur les cycles de vie des modèles qu'elles produisent, et finalement trouver une approche pour les maîtriser. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'élaborer une approche formelle pour adresser ce problème. Dans cette thèse, après avoir étudié les travaux connexes en ingénierie système et plus spécifiquement ceux qui portent sur la co-ingénierie du système à faire (le produit) et du système pour faire (le projet), nous développons une méthodologie nommée MODEF pour traiter ce problème. MODEF consiste en: (1) Caractériser les MA comme un système et plus généralement une fédération de systèmes. (2) Construire de manière itérative une architecture de ce système via la modélisation du contenu conceptuel des modèles produits par MA et leur cycle de vie, les tâches réalisées au sein des MA et leurs effets sur ces cycles de vie. (3) Spécifier les attentes sur ces cycles de vie. (4) Analyser les modèles (des MA) par rapport à ces attentes (et éventuellement les contraintes sur les tâches) pour vérifier jusqu'à quel point elles sont atteignables via la synthèse des points (ou états) acceptables. D'un point de vue pratique, l'exploitation des résultats de l'analyse permet de contrôler le déroulement des tâches de modélisation à partir de la mise en évidence de leur impact sur les modèles qu'elles produisent. En effet, cette exploitation fournit des données pertinentes sur la façon dont les MA se déroulent et se dérouleraient de bout en bout. A partir de ces informations, il est possible de prendre des mesures préventives ou correctives. Nous illustrons cela à l'aide de deux cas d'étude (le fonctionnement d'un supermarché et la modélisation de la couverture fonctionnelle d'un système). D'un point de vue théorique, les sémantiques formelles des modèles des MA et le formalisme des attentes sont d'abord données. Ensuite, les algorithmes d'analyse et d'exploitation sont présentés. Cette approche est brièvement comparée avec des approches de vérification des modèles et de synthèse de systèmes. Enfin, deux facilitateurs de la mise en œuvre de MODEF sont présentés. Le premier est une implémentation modulaire des blocs de base de MODEF. Le second est une architecture fédérée (FA) des modèles visant à faciliter la réutilisation des modèles formels en pratique. La formalisation de FA est faite dans le cadre de la théorie des catégories. De ce fait, afin de construire un lien entre abstraction et implémentation, des structures de données et algorithmes de base sont proposés pour utiliser FA en pratique. Différentes perspectives sur les composantes de MODEF concluent ce travail. / The engineering of complex systems and systems of systems often leads to complex modelling activities (MA). Some challenges exhibited by MA are: understanding the context where they are carried out and their impacts on the lifecycles of models they produce, and ultimately providing a support for mastering them. How to address these challenges with a formal approach is the central challenge of this thesis. In this thesis, after discussing the related works from systems engineering in general and the co-engineering of the system to be made (product) and the system for make (project) systems specifically, we position and develop a methodology named MODEF, that aims to master the operation of MA. MODEF consists in: (1) characterizing MA as a system (and more globally as a federation of systems) in its own right; (2) iteratively architecting this system through: the modelling of the conceptual content of the models produced by MA and their life cycles, the tasks carried out within MA and their effects on these life cycles; (3) specifying the expectations over these life cycles and; (4) analysing models (of MA) against expectations (and possibly tasks constraints) - to check how far expectations are achievable - via the synthesis of the acceptable behaviours. On a practical perspective, the exploitation of the results of the analysis allows figuring out what could happen with the modelling tasks and their impacts on the whole state of models they handle. We show on two case studies (the operation of a supermarket and the modelling of the functional coverage of a system) how this exploitation provides insightful data on how the system is end-to-end operated and how it can behave. Based on this information, it is possible to take some preventive or corrective actions on how the MA are carried out. On the foundational perspective, the formal semantics of three kinds of involved models and the expectations formalism are first discussed. Then the analysis and exploitation algorithms are presented. Finally this approach is roughly compared with model checking and systems synthesis approaches. Last but not least, two enablers whose first objectives are to ease the implementation of MODEF are presented. The first one is a modular implementation of MODEF's buildings blocks. The second one is a federated architecture (FA) of models which aims to ease working with formal models in practice. Despite the fact that FA is formalised within the abstract framework of category theory, an attempt to bridge the gap between abstraction and implementation is sketched via some basic data structures and base algorithms. Several perspectives related to the different components of MODEF conclude this work.

The study is conducted to determine practical modelling and simulation techniques to perform dynamic stability and performance analysis on a 3 Degrees of freedom aircraft model using a Modelica-based commercial tool called Modelon Impact. This study is based on a conceptual aircraft model where in-depth details about the aircraft configuration are unknown and the aim is to determine a suitable model that can capture the longitudinal dynamics and aerodynamic constraints of the aircraft during the conceptual design phase. Requirements include short execution time, easy model development, and minimal data requirements. Therefore, this thesis aims at developing plant and control architectures in  Modelon Impact which can be utilized for the rapid development of aircraft concepts with adequate fidelity in a longitudinal mission-based tracking environment. In a conceptual aircraft design environment, to identify a suitable methodology that mitigates the limitations of a traditional feedback controller, two methodologies are considered for comparison: Sequential DAE resolution (SDR) and Dynamic inversion (DI) control which is discussed from an object-oriented aircraft model. The advantages and shortcomings of each of the models discussed above are compared by conducting several experiments in increasing order of longitudinal mission complexity, and the most appropriate model among the two for a conceptual stage of aircraft design development is ascertained. The two methodologies discussed are compared for their level of complexity, code structure, readability, and ease of usability.

Ein wesentliches Ziel während der Produktentwicklung ist die frühzeitige Absicherung der Produkteigenschaften auf Basis der definierten Produktmerkmale unter Beachtung der äußeren Randbedingungen. Digitale Modelle und Methoden unterstützen den Produktentwickler bei der frühzeitigen virtuellen Evaluation des Produktes. [...] In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methodik präsentiert, die mit Hilfe der SysML-Modelle eine Simulation in VR ermöglicht. Die SysML-Beschreibung wird als Kern der Simulation dienen und das gesamte Simulationsmodell steuern. Weiterhin wird erläutert, wie die SysML-Beschreibung mit einem VR-Tool und einem Physikberechnungstool verbunden werden kann. Die in CAVE und HMD durchgeführten Simulationen wurden im Rahmen von Usability Tests evaluiert. Aus diesen Tests werden Ergebnisse präsentiert, die sich mit Verwendungsschwerpunkten in VR und der Zufriedenheit bei der Beurteilung von Produkten in VR beschäftigt haben. Schlussendlich wird ein Beispiel-Simulationsszenario in der CAVE-VR und einem Head Mounted Display (HMD) diskutiert. [... aus der Einleitung]