Suicide is a national public health concern, and unmet interpersonal needs (i.e., perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness) may contribute to enhanced risk. However, mechanisms of action and certain protective variables are not well understood. The present study examined simple mediation models, with internal hostility as a mechanism of action between interpersonal needs and suicide risk. Additionally, our study examined the moderating role of various aspects of receiving forgiveness on the association between interpersonal needs and internal hostility in these simple mediation models. A community-based convenience sample was surveyed (N=712). Our findings indicated that internal hostility partially mediated the association between perceived burdensomeness/thwarted belongingness and suicide risk, such that higher levels of interpersonal needs variables were associated with higher levels of internal hostility, and in turn, higher levels of suicide risk. No evidence was found for a buffering effect of feeling forgiven on these statistical models. Our findings suggest that negative, internalized self-perception contributes to suicide risk above and beyond that of interpersonal needs alone. Implications are discussed for both theory and practice.

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The present study examines the joint roles of leadership and stressors for presenteeism of scientific staff. Leaders may have an impact on employees’ health, both directly through interpersonal interactions and by shaping their working conditions. In the field of science, this impact could be special because of the mentoring relationships between the employees (e.g., PhD students) and their supervisors (e.g., professors). Based on the job demands-resources framework (JD-R), we hypothesized that the pressure to be present at the workplace induced by supervisors (supervisorial pressure) is directly related to employees’ presenteeism as well as indirectly via perceptions of time pressure. The conservation of resources theory (COR) states that resource loss resulting from having to deal with job demands weakens the resource pool and therefore the capacity to deal with other job demands. Thus, we hypothesized that accumulation of work moderates the relationship between supervisorial pressure and time pressure, such that the relationship is stronger when accumulation of work is high compared to if accumulation of work is low. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 212 PhD students and postdocs of 30 scientific institutions in Germany. Analysis was performed using the SPSS macro PROCESS (Hayes, 2013). Supervisorial pressure was directly associated with higher presenteeism of employees and indirectly through increased time pressure. Moreover, supervisorial pressure and accumulation of work interacted to predict time pressure, but in an unexpected way. The positive relationship between supervisorial pressure and time pressure is stronger when accumulation is low compared to if accumulation of work is high. It seems possible that job stressors do not accumulate but substitute each other. Threshold models might explain the findings. Moreover, specific patterns of interacting job demands for scientific staff should be considered in absence management.

Prior research has established significant associations between regular physical activity and enhancements in well-being, quality of life, and self-regulation. Given that these benefits may extend to influence the quality of romantic relationships, the present study was the first to evaluate the relationship between exercise and romantic relationship satisfaction through the role of body image, drawing upon the Self-Determination Theory as the theoretical framework. Specifically, the current study aimed to achieve three objectives: (a) to investigate the impact of exercise on romantic relationship satisfaction, (b) to examine the effects of body image as a mediator in the exercise-relationship connection, and (c) to determine whether exercise motives moderate the mediating effect of body image. Data were gathered from an online survey completed by 392 cisgender women in heterosexual relationships and analyzed using PROCESS Macro for SPSS Model 4 and Model 7, respectively. The results showed that exercise frequency was not directly related to romantic relationship satisfaction. However, body image fully mediated this association, indicating that increased exercise predicted body satisfaction and subsequently contributed to individuals' perceived relationship quality. While exercise motivation did not emerge as a moderator of the mediation of body image, health/fitness and enjoyment/mood motives significantly predicted positive body evaluation and relationship quality. In contrast, concerns related to appearance were linked to higher levels of social comparison and negative affect. Therefore, these findings highlight the value of fostering a positive body image and reducing body-focused motivation, as well as prioritizing autonomous exercise for the quality of romantic relationships and overall well-being.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the following relationships: (a) how moderating factors (gender, age, ethnicity, social support, marital status, reason for role assumption and number of grandchildren in the home) can influence the mediating role of resiliency, and (b) how resiliency may mediate the negative effects of raising grandchildren (role demands, life disruptions, and difficulties with grandchildren) on grandparent adjustment over time. Resiliency was hypothesized to have the greatest effect on custodial grandparents who experienced the most stress (i.e., older, single, Caucasian males lacking social support and raising more than one grandchild). Mediation was assessed using structural equation modeling. Results indicated resilience mediated the relationship between role assumptions (i.e., role demands and life disruptions) and grandparent adjustment; however, resilience did not mediate the relationship between grandchild characteristics and grandparent adjustment. Due to the small number of custodial grandfathers (n = 14), non-married grandparents (n = 29), non-Caucasian grandparents (n = 10), the small number of grandparents who assumed the custodial role for less ambiguous reasons (n = 24), and the number of custodial grandparents with more than one grandchild residing in the home (n = 29) participating within the study, hierarchical multiple regressions were only conducted to test for moderated mediation for perceived social support and the age of the grandparent. Results indicated resilience mediates the relationship between life disruption and grandparent well-being for younger custodial grandparents and for custodial grandparents with perceived high social support.

Emotional intelligence (EI) has been reliably associated with better mental health (Martins, Ramalho, & Morin, 2010) however the nature of this relationship in adolescence remains largely unexplored. The small body of existing adolescent research is disproportionately focussed upon the ‘trait’ versus ‘ability’ EI perspective and the association with mood (versus behavioural) disorders in the form of simple, descriptive relationships that reveal little about the processes underpinning such adaptive outcomes. This research redresses this imbalance and advances the field by examining how (whether directly or indirectly linked to known stress-illness processes) and when (under which stress conditions) EI (in both ‘forms’) might be associated with better adolescent mental health, whilst simultaneously exploring the conceptualisation of EI within this developmental period. Adult literature is equivocal on both fronts. Firstly, evidence points to differential incremental contributions from ability and trait EI in the prediction of internalising versus externalising symptomatology beyond known correlates of performance, i.e., personality and cognitive ability (e.g., Gardner & Qualter, 2010; Peters, Kranzler, & Rossen, 2009). Secondly, whilst there is some evidence to suggest that trait EI may directly attenuate the effects of chronic and acute stressors to promote adaptation (e.g., Mikolajczak, Roy, Luminet, Fillée, & de Timary, 2007), the role of ability EI in this regard appears unclear (e.g., Matthews et al., 2006). Indirect links to adjustment are also hinted at; coping mediates trait EI-health outcomes in youth though not all EI-influenced ‘adaptive’ coping styles (e.g., problem-focussed) appear to contribute to this effect (e.g., Downey, Johnston, Hansen, Birney, & Stough, 2010). Using cross-sectional, self-reported data from 1,170 adolescents (mean age = 13.03 years; SD = 1.26) the present research aimed to address this lack of clarity. Preliminary regression analyses found that collectively, EI made a significant, incremental contribution to the prediction of depression and disruptive behaviour in youth beyond the influence of higher-order personality dimensions and general cognitive ability. However, of the two, trait EI appeared the stronger predictor. Structural equation modelling of conditional indirect effects found that whilst both forms of EI can buffer the effects of stressors (family dysfunction, negative life events, socio-economic adversity) on disorder, the mechanisms by which this beneficial effect operates differs substantially according to context - effects appear contingent on stressor, health outcome and level of EI. For depression, ability EI influences the selection of avoidant coping when facing family dysfunction and negative life events, whilst trait EI modifies the effectiveness of active coping under family dysfunction only. In contrast, EI directly attenuates the effects of stressors on disruptive behaviour. Nevertheless, the results of supplementary path analyses augur for the importance of both forms of EI in adaptational processes; actual emotional skill (as ability EI) appears dependent on perceived competency (trait EI) to realise advantageous outcomes. Implications for the EI construct and related intervention programmes are discussed together with recommendations for progression of the field.

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Background: Individuals with obesity face weight-related discrimination in many life domains, including workplace bullying, especially in female employees with obesity. However, associations between experiences of workplace bullying and psychological health impairments considering weight status and sex remain unclear. Methods: Within a representative population-based sample of N = 1290 employees, self-reported experiences of workplace bullying were examined for variations by weight status and sex. Using path analyses, sex-specific mediation effects of workplace bullying on associations between weight status and work-related psychological health impairments (burnout symptoms, quality of life) were tested. Results: Employees with obesity experienced more workplace bullying than those with normal weight. Workplace bullying was positively associated with psychological health impairments and partially mediated the associations between higher weight status and elevated burnout symptoms and lower quality of life in women, but not in men. Conclusions: The result that more experiences of workplace bullying were, compared with weight status, more strongly associated with work-related psychological health impairments in women, but not in men, uniquely extends evidence on sex-specific effects within weight-related discrimination. Continued efforts by researchers, employers, and policy makers are needed to reduce weight-related discrimination in work settings, eventually increasing employees’ health and job productivity.