O objetivo desta tese é analisar como as táticas e estratégias empregadas pelos velhos no cotidiano instigados pelos trabalhos de contadores de história no asilo Lar Betel, em Piracicaba, e a Oficina de Memória para reconstruir a história de Campinas contribuem para pensar o sujeito no processo de comunicação no Brasil. Ao partir da história oral, a tese busca entender o significado da cultura popular em uma modernidade em crise. A proposta metodológica se sustenta em analisar o momento de ação do sujeito diante da ação da racionalidade da estrutura. Recusa-se aqui a afirmativa da morte do homem diante de um mundo padronizado. Ao partir da análise da memória subterrânea, esta pesquisa se sustenta na fundamentação teórica dos trabalhos alternativos e na contextualização da história de vida dos velhos. A contradição exibe a luta do homem no cotidiano. A lágrima, o sorriso, o silêncio, o sonho de vida ou o sonho noturno indicam a intensidade em que pulsa a vida. Em vez da morte, o velho ressignifica o sentido da vida no asilo e na cidade. A pluralidade do homem é assim construída no tempo e espaço. A lucidez vem no momento em que o testemunho oral conduz o velho ao estado de consciência do eu e da sociedade onde atua. / The objective of this thesis is to analyse how the tactics and strategies used for the old people everyday urged for the work of the story tellers in the Lar Betels home, in Piracicaba, and the memory workshop to reconstruct the history of Campinas contribute to think the subject in the communications process in Brazil. Starting from the oral history, the thesis searchs to understand the meaning of the popular culture in a modern time in crisis. The methodologic proposal is based on analysing the moment of subjects action before the action of the racionality of the structure. Its refused here the affirmative of the mens death before a standard world. Starting from the analysis of the underground memory this research is based on the theoric basis of the alternative works and in the contextualization of the history of the olds life. The contradiction shows the mans fight everyday. The tear, the smile, the silence, the dream life or the nocturnal dream shows the intensity that life pulsates. Instead of death, the old give a new significate to life in home and in town. The plurality of the men is like this build in time and space. The lucidy comes in the moment of the oral evidence leads the old to the state of conscience of self and the society where its influences.

<p>This study addresses the question of change in household structure and the reproduction of “life from day to day”. It is based on structuration theory, time-geography and Allan Pred’s theory of place as historically contingent process. Large households are viewed as tokens of the early modern era, and the appearance of small households can therefore be seen as signs of modernisation. But the decline in size of the average household was not dramatic, it went from 3.53 people per household in 1760 to 3.31 people in 1830. By the composition of different occupational groups in the city in 1760 and 1830, it is evident that the decline of the textile industry, the low activity in the building trades and the decrease of residential sailors – and the subsequent rise of petty trade and traditional handicrafts – gave a strong influx of traditional elements to the evolution of the household. In contrast to this there were a number of “new” or more modern elements that can be seen as precursors to the structure of daily life in the modern era. One of these was a rising number of households which were small and headed by people who earlier in history would have been household members – and not heads of households. The structure of daily life and its reproduction from day-to-day is also analysed in the study. This pattern was both affected by certain changes in the overall household structure, and by two phenomena that directly had an impact on the recreation of life from day to day. The first of these was the “food money”, a substitution of money for the right to food in the employers house, and the second was a move from the right to lodgings in the employers’ home to the need of living quarters elsewhere. Both of these phenomena acted on the “structure of daily life”, and helped to alter the focus of daily life, that is to turn it away from the productive households and put more attention on the streets and on the households that only served as reproductive units.</p>

This study addresses the question of change in household structure and the reproduction of “life from day to day”. It is based on structuration theory, time-geography and Allan Pred’s theory of place as historically contingent process. Large households are viewed as tokens of the early modern era, and the appearance of small households can therefore be seen as signs of modernisation. But the decline in size of the average household was not dramatic, it went from 3.53 people per household in 1760 to 3.31 people in 1830. By the composition of different occupational groups in the city in 1760 and 1830, it is evident that the decline of the textile industry, the low activity in the building trades and the decrease of residential sailors – and the subsequent rise of petty trade and traditional handicrafts – gave a strong influx of traditional elements to the evolution of the household. In contrast to this there were a number of “new” or more modern elements that can be seen as precursors to the structure of daily life in the modern era. One of these was a rising number of households which were small and headed by people who earlier in history would have been household members – and not heads of households. The structure of daily life and its reproduction from day-to-day is also analysed in the study. This pattern was both affected by certain changes in the overall household structure, and by two phenomena that directly had an impact on the recreation of life from day to day. The first of these was the “food money”, a substitution of money for the right to food in the employers house, and the second was a move from the right to lodgings in the employers’ home to the need of living quarters elsewhere. Both of these phenomena acted on the “structure of daily life”, and helped to alter the focus of daily life, that is to turn it away from the productive households and put more attention on the streets and on the households that only served as reproductive units.

O objetivo desta tese é analisar como as táticas e estratégias empregadas pelos velhos no cotidiano instigados pelos trabalhos de contadores de história no asilo Lar Betel, em Piracicaba, e a Oficina de Memória para reconstruir a história de Campinas contribuem para pensar o sujeito no processo de comunicação no Brasil. Ao partir da história oral, a tese busca entender o significado da cultura popular em uma modernidade em crise. A proposta metodológica se sustenta em analisar o momento de ação do sujeito diante da ação da racionalidade da estrutura. Recusa-se aqui a afirmativa da morte do homem diante de um mundo padronizado. Ao partir da análise da memória subterrânea, esta pesquisa se sustenta na fundamentação teórica dos trabalhos alternativos e na contextualização da história de vida dos velhos. A contradição exibe a luta do homem no cotidiano. A lágrima, o sorriso, o silêncio, o sonho de vida ou o sonho noturno indicam a intensidade em que pulsa a vida. Em vez da morte, o velho ressignifica o sentido da vida no asilo e na cidade. A pluralidade do homem é assim construída no tempo e espaço. A lucidez vem no momento em que o testemunho oral conduz o velho ao estado de consciência do eu e da sociedade onde atua. / The objective of this thesis is to analyse how the tactics and strategies used for the old people everyday urged for the work of the story tellers in the Lar Betels home, in Piracicaba, and the memory workshop to reconstruct the history of Campinas contribute to think the subject in the communications process in Brazil. Starting from the oral history, the thesis searchs to understand the meaning of the popular culture in a modern time in crisis. The methodologic proposal is based on analysing the moment of subjects action before the action of the racionality of the structure. Its refused here the affirmative of the mens death before a standard world. Starting from the analysis of the underground memory this research is based on the theoric basis of the alternative works and in the contextualization of the history of the olds life. The contradiction shows the mans fight everyday. The tear, the smile, the silence, the dream life or the nocturnal dream shows the intensity that life pulsates. Instead of death, the old give a new significate to life in home and in town. The plurality of the men is like this build in time and space. The lucidy comes in the moment of the oral evidence leads the old to the state of conscience of self and the society where its influences.

This essay studies and compares three clergymen that were stationed in Sápmi during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and their writings that deal with the Saami population of the northern parts of Sweden. How they portray the Saami people and their culture is analyzed though postcolonial concepts as Edward Said’s othering and other concepts by the likes of Loomba, Lincoln and Pratt.  The three priests portrayal of the Saami people and their culture are similar In that way that they all confirm some of the colonial stereotypes of the Saami during the time they were writing. But especially one of the priests stands out in his effort to give a nuanced portrayal of the Saami people.

Famines were recurring events in the early-modern world. This thesis aims to identify and analyse institutional, social, and political parameters that improved or reduced the society’s capacity for crisis management and institutional adaptations in Stockholm in times of foodshortages during the period 1650–1750. The study consists of four case studies. The study shows that the government effectiveness improved during the investigated period, which increased the possibilities to mitigate the consequences of famine. Furthermore, the ambition to protect the social order seems to have been the most important driving force to take measures to ease and prevent famines in Stockholm. I conclude that very few institutional adaptations to prevent future famines were made during the period. Most likely because the elite lacked political incentives to act. The study provides knowledge on societal resilience in the early-modern era

Conditionner les produits alimentaires, pharmaceutiques et cosmétiques pour les conserver et les transporter a toujours été une nécessité pour des hommes à la fois consommateurs et commerçants. Cette étude, qui relève à la fois de l’histoire et de l’archéologie, souligne le rôle majeur joué par le verre, en Provence, au XVIIIe et au XIXe siècle, comme mode de conditionnement des marchandises de qualité. Depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’à nos jours, les produits de luxe, vins fins, huiles surfines et parfums sont protégés et mis en valeur par leur emballage en verre. Il est le matériau idéal car il possède toutes les qualités physiques et chimiques pour devenir fonctionnel et esthétique. Lorsque la Provence se lance, dans les premières décennies du XVIIIe siècle, à la conquête marchande des espaces maritimes, elle bénéficie d’une économie fondée sur la transformation d’agro-alimentaire local ou importé. L’industrie des emballages prend alors un essor considérable en Provence en lien avec cette économie. Les contenants en verre vont ainsi s’exporter à travers le monde, par bateau, grâce à l’action conjuguée de facteurs favorables : le rayonnement international du port de Marseille ainsi que les progrès techniques liés à l’adoption d’une nouvelle source d’énergie, le charbon. Influencée par l’exemple des autres régions, françaises et européennes, la verrerie provençale connaît une métamorphose notable qui conduit à l’abandon progressif des ateliers forestiers au profit d’une implantation portuaire. Sources écrites et iconographiques constituent une grande part de notre documentation complétée par les sources archéologiques. Elles sont liées principalement à la découverte et à l'étude récente d'épaves ainsi qu'à l'inventaire d'un mobilier diversifié, issu des collections publiques et privées. / Packaging food products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics to store them and transport them has always been a necessity for humans, both as consumers and merchants. This study, which deals with both history and archeology, highlights the major role played by glass, in Provence, in the 18th and 19th centuries, as a packaging quality method. Since Antiquity, and until the present day, luxury products, fine wines, delicate olive oils, and perfumes have been protected and emphasized through their glass packaging. It is the ideal material because it has all of the necessary physical and chemical properties to become functional and aesthetic. When Provence set out, in the early decades of the 18th century, in merchant conquest of the seas, it had an economy based on the transformation of local or imported agricultural goods. The manufacture of packaging then saw a considerable rise in Provence tied to this economy. Glass containers were then exported throughout the world, by sea, thanks to the combined action of favorable factures: the international reputation of the port of Marseille as well as the technical progress tied to the adoption of a new energy source : coal extraction. Influenced by the example of other regions, both French and European, Provencal glassworks underwent a notable metamorphosis which led to the gradual abandonment of forest glasshouse for port locations. Written and iconographic sources constitute a large part of our documentation supplemented by field sources. These are mainly tied to the discovery and recent study of shipwrecks as well as the survey of a diversified archeological inventory, derived from public and private collections.

This essay aims to contextualize the placement of deviant and atypical graves within the landscape of Västerbotten county in Sweden, in relation to the contemporary Christian cemeteries from the Middle Ages to the year 1960. To understand the need and reasoning for deviant and atypical graves from a religious standpoint several medieval laws are studied, such as the Cannon law of the Catholic church, the Swedish medieval landscape laws, and the Norwegian medieval regional laws. The revision and the annulment of the medieval laws are also taken into consideration to understand how the regulations surrounding deviant and atypical graves changes over time in Sweden and Norway. To build an understanding how deviant and atypical graves has been utilized in Västerbotten county throughout history, ethnographic and historical literature is studied. Geographical and historical contexts are also considered to contextualize the placement of the graves within the landscape. The placement of Churches and cemeteries within the landscape over time is also studied to understand how the need for atypical graves changed over time.