Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007.

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is becoming an important bridge to commercialize geologic sequestration (GS) in order to help reduce anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. Current U.S. environmental regulations require operators to monitor operational and groundwater aquifer changes within permitted bounds, depending on the injection activity type. We view one goal of monitoring as maximizing the chances of detecting adverse fluid migration signals into overlying aquifers. To maximize these chances, it is important to: (1) understand the limitations of monitoring pressure versus geochemistry in deep aquifers (i.e., >450 m) using analytical and numerical models, (2) conduct sensitivity analyses of specific model parameters to support monitoring design conclusions, and (3) compare the breakthrough time (in years) for pressure and geochemistry signals. Pressure response was assessed using an analytical model, derived from Darcy's law, which solves for diffusivity in radial coordinates and the fluid migration rate. Aqueous geochemistry response was assessed using the numerical, single-phase, reactive solute transport program PHAST that solves the advection-reaction-dispersion equation for 2-D transport. The conceptual modeling domain for both approaches included a fault that allows vertical fluid migration and one monitoring well, completed through a series of alternating confining units and distinct (brine) aquifers overlying a depleted oil reservoir, as observed in the Texas Gulf Coast, USA. Physical and operational data, including lithology, formation hydraulic parameters, and water chemistry obtained from field samples were used as input data. Uncertainty evaluation was conducted with a Monte Carlo approach by sampling the fault width (normal distribution) via Latin Hypercube and the hydraulic conductivity of each formation from a beta distribution of field data. Each model ran for 100 realizations over a 100 year modeling period. Monitoring well location was varied spatially and vertically with respect to the fault to assess arrival times of pressure signals and changes in geochemical parameters. Results indicate that the pressure-based, subsurface monitoring system provided higher probabilities of fluid migration detection in all candidate monitoring formations, especially those closest (i.e., 1300 m depth) to the possible fluid migration source. For aqueous geochemistry monitoring, formations with higher permeabilities (i.e., greater than 4 x 10⁻¹³ m²) provided better spatial distributions of chemical changes, but these changes never preceded pressure signal breakthrough, and in some cases were delayed by decades when compared to pressure. Differences in signal breakthrough indicate that pressure monitoring is a better choice for early migration signal detection. However, both pressure and geochemical parameters should be considered as part of an integrated monitoring program on a site-specific basis, depending on regulatory requirements for longer term (i.e., >50 years) monitoring. By assessing the probability of fluid migration detection using these monitoring techniques at this field site, it may be possible to extrapolate the results (or observations) to other CCUS fields with different geological environments. / text

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1993.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1993.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Cristiane Murari.pdf: 13030417 bytes, checksum: cd899fbf081308ddeb79733213c0e4d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder of unknown etiology. The variables determining the severity of the autism like symptoms are linked to the child's life history, the child's health issues, and other environmental aspects. The lifelong effects of the autism on the child's development are related to the early detection of signs of autism and to the time of outset of clinical treatment. Primary health care professionals (i.e., pediatricians, nurses, and nursing assistants) are the first professionals to have contact with the infant. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a child's development monitoring program in the public health care system, such as in the services provided in the Basic Health Units (BHU), constitutes an appropriate strategy for the early identification of ASD. In order to determine the feasibility of a child's development monitoring program, were assessed (a) the guidelines for professional practice in the healthcare system related to the childcare services; (b) the correlation between the professional guidelines and the protocols for measurement of children's development; (c) the types of medical records available on the child's development of 45 children between 15 days to 24 months old (i.e., symptoms reported, data on the child's social, psychomotor and language development); (d) the information on professional training and knowledge about autism of one pediatrician, one nurse and five nursing assistants; (e) video recordings of the professional's interaction with the children during the assessment conducted by a pediatrician, two nurses and seven nursing assistants, and the direct observation of child's behaviours concerning to autism like symptoms during the health care assessment. These evaluations were based on guidelines concerning to the early identification of autism available in the literature. The preliminary outcome of the study suggests that the services provided at the UBS setting may constitute an opportunity for early detection of autism. However, it is necessary to improve the child's development assessment existing protocols and professional practices. The recommended improvements should include several changes. First, the implementation of new guidelines for health care professionals concerning to the assessment of social and language development. Second, the improvement of the data collection tools used by the professionals in order to promote the easy visualization of early signs of autism through the identification of the presence or absence of typical developmental milestones and the possible presence of atypical developmental characteristics concerning to the early signs of autism. Third, the implementation of professional training on direct observation of children's behavior and children's development assessment, and implementation of information gathering protocols concerning to the parent's knowledge about the child's development, as well on provision of guidance on how parents can better participate in the identification of developmental deficits that may indicate the presence of autism / O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um transtorno sem etiologia definida. As variáveis que o determinam relacionam-se com a história de vida da criança, principalmente, intercorrências médicas e das interações sociais. O grau de seu comprometimento depende, em parte, do quão precocemente os primeiros sinais de seu desenvolvimento são detectados e de a criança ser encaminhada, o quanto antes, para tratamento adequado. Os primeiros profissionais a terem contado com a criança são os da atenção primária à saúde (pediatras, enfermeiros, auxiliares de enfermagem). A proposta deste trabalho foi a de investigar se um programa de vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil de um serviço público como o das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) constitui-se meio apropriado para a identificação precoce de sinais de TEA. Para isso, foram avaliados (a) o protocolo de orientação à prática profissional no atendimento de puericultura; (b) a correspondência entre as orientações do protocolo e os instrumentos de coleta sobre o desenvolvimento da criança; (c) tipos de registros (em especial, queixas, orientações profissionais, desenvolvimento social, neuropsicomotor e da linguagem da criança) contidos em 45 prontuários de crianças na faixa etária de >15 dias a 24 meses; (d) as formações profissionais e os conhecimentos sobre o TEA de um pediatra, um enfermeiro e cinco auxiliares de enfermagem, por meio de entrevistas; (e) por meio de filmagens avaliou-se os comportamentos de um pediatra, 2 enfermeiros e 7 auxiliares de enfermagem com relação à anamnese e suas interações com a criança em atendimentos de puericultura, assim como a ocorrência de comportamentos infantis, relacionados no quadro do TEA., durante atendimentos de puericultura. As referidas avaliações foram baseadas em orientações contidas na literatura sobre a identificação precoce dos sinais do TEA. Pelo conjunto dos dados e análises realizadas a resposta é positiva: os serviços de puericulturas disponíveis nas UBS podem constituir-se sim oportunidades para a identificação precoce de sinais de TEA. Contudo, avaliou-se necessário realizar aprimoramentos em todas as instâncias avaliadas. Os aprimoramentos se dariam primeiro pela inclusão, no protocolo, de novas orientações aos profissionais, especialmente com relação ao desenvolvimento social e da linguagem; segundo, pela inclusão do maior número possível de itens correspondentes às descrições do protocolo no material de coleta, bem como, a reestruturação desse material, de forma a facilitar a visualização do profissional da evolução dos comportamentos da criança e, consequentemente, a presença de possíveis atipicidades, como os sinais do TEA; terceiro, pela oferta de cursos de capacitações nos quais os profissionais sejam treinados a observar a criança, a registrar seu desenvolvimento, questionar os pais sobre o desenvolvimento dos próprios filhos, orientá-los de forma adequada para que fiquem atentos com défices de desenvolvimento que possam indicar risco de TEA

Die amtliche Flächenstatistik in Deutschland erweist sich aus verschiedenen Gründen als ergänzungsbedürftig. Die Auswertung von topographischen Geobasisdaten kann hier einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Qualifizierung der jetzigen flächenstatistischen Berichtssysteme leisten. Daraus resultiert die Motivation für den Aufbau eines Monitors der Siedlungs- und Freiraumentwicklung (IÖR-Monitor). Der Beitrag stellt nach Darstellung der Ziele, Grundlagen und Funktionen dieses Monitors erste exemplarische Ergebnisse einer Flächennutzungsanalyse Deutschlands auf Grundlage der genauesten topographischen Geobasisdaten (ATKIS Basis-DLM) vor. Dazu wurden die Siedlungs- und Verkehrsstruktur zu den Zeitschnitten 2006 und 2008 erfasst und in Form von Indikatoren auf Landes-, Kreis- und Gemeindeebene ausgewertet. Die zugrunde liegenden bundesweiten Flächennutzungsinformationen ermöglichen prinzipiell auch Indikatorberechnungen für nichtadministrative Bezugseinheiten wie Überschwemmungs- und Flusseinzugsgebiete oder quadratische Rasterzellen unterschiedlicher Größe. Die Vorteile der Nutzung topographischer Geobasisdaten für die Analyse der Flächennutzung und ihrer Entwicklung werden gegenüber der katasterorientierten Sicht der amtlichen Flächenstatistik herausgestellt. Ein Schwerpunkt des Beitrages liegt auf indikatorbasierten Siedlungs- und Verkehrsflächenanalysen. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht die Einbeziehung von Bevölkerungszahlen die Ermittlung von Dichte- bzw. Ausstattungsindikatoren (ausgewählte Flächennutzungsarten pro Einwohner). Straßen- und Schienennetzdichten können sowohl in Bezug auf die Gebietsfläche als auch nur den Siedlungsraum ausgewertet werden. Durch die georäumliche Verortung neuer Bauflächen wird zukünftig erstmals auch die Bestimmung der Relation städtebaulicher Innen- zur Außenentwicklung möglich. Wegen des aufwändigen Fortführungsprozesses topographischer Geobasisdaten nach Kartenblattschnitten und der damit verbundenen Laufendhaltungszyklen ergeben sich teilweise größere Zeitintervalle für deren Grundaktualität. Deshalb wird beim IÖR-Monitor für jeden Indikator eine mittlere Aktualität zu jeder Gebietseinheit berechnet und in Karten- bzw. Tabellenform angezeigt. In den letzten Jahren gibt es deutliche Verbesserungen der Grundaktualität des ATKIS Basis-DLM in Deutschland, die auch aus diesem Grund die Nutzung dieser Daten für ein Monitoring der Flächennutzung nahelegen.

In diesem Beitrag werden Methoden der gebäudebasierten Erfassung der Siedlungsstruktur, deren Veränderung und Visualisierung vorgestellt. Die Analyse der Siedlungsentwicklung mit SEMENTA®-CHANGE basiert auf der automatisierten Auswertung topographischer Kartenwerke verschiedenster Zeitstände im Maßstab 1:25 000. Der Verfahrensansatz leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag für die Planung, da er für große Flächen eine Verortung der Gebäude-, Siedlungsflächen- und Siedlungsstrukturentwicklung der vergangenen Jahrzehnte erlaubt und sich daraus auch wertvolle Aussagen über die Wirksamkeit von raumplanerischen Instrumenten (z. B. Verhältnis der Innen- zur Außenentwicklung) ableiten lassen. Beispielhaft werden an ausgewählten Projektergebnissen das Anwendungspotenzial sowie die Grenzen des Verfahrens diskutiert.

Der vierte Band der Serie Flächennutzungsmonitoring fokussiert auf Methoden und Programme der Flächenerhebung. Vor diesem Hintergrund widmen sich die Beiträge des 4. Dresdner Flächennutzungssymposiums der Diskussion internationaler Entwicklungen, der Entwicklung von Indikatoren zur Beschreibung der Flächennutzungsstruktur, der Analyse von Gebäudebeständen, dem Angebot an kleinräumigen Daten und der Beschreibung von Analyse- und Prognoseverfahren. Das verbesserte Angebot amtlicher aber auch freier Geodaten (z. B. OpenStreetMap) und innovative Berechnungsverfahren der geographischen Informationswissenschaft führen zu noch genaueren Informationen für die Akteure der Raumentwicklung. Ein Beispiel dafür sind statistische Aussagen zum deutschen Gebäudebestand auf Basis von Gebäudegeometriedaten (Hausumringe/Hauskoordinaten).