In my final thesis I have dealt with the development of metacognitive strategies for primary school pupils in the Montessori environment. The aim of the first part of the thesis was to anchor the entire issue in the broader context of the current educational situation with respect to the requirements of The General educational program. In the second part of the thesis I described both - metacognitive strategies as well as key aspects of Montessori education. This characteristic I based on the analysis of the available literature. The final part of theory deals with the synthesis of both areas. This synthesis showes their harmonious connections and considerable complementarity. In this section I also revealed some problems that educators face in practice, and I tried to outline possible ways to address them - from my own experience of teaching practice. Empiric part of thesis uncovers the ways of introduction metacognitive strategies to education and presents few "examples of good practice.

This study investigates differences in academic achievement and self-concept of students enrolled in a traditional public school program and a public school Montessori program. The attitudes of parents of students are also compared. The population includes 182 experimental and control kindergarten, first-, second-, and third-grade students in a Texas metropolitan school district.

The thesis is specialized in the creation of teaching aids for preschool and early school age children. The work consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is characterized by psychological human development with an emphasis on the development of preschool and early school age children. The thesis is focused on the life and work of reform pedagogue Maria Montessori. The theoretical part is discussed about learning, the use of educational games and educational aids. In educational process is very important a teacher. The practical part consists of teaching aids - the alphabet, numbers, and developing a sense of small tasks which are normally used in dressing up.

My work deals with the alternative pedagogy and its principles, which can be used at the free-time pedagogy. The work intents on the montessori pedagogy and waldorf pedagogy, because these two pedagogy systems are the most common in Czech Republic. It introduces the founders of both systems and the origin of the systems together with the characteristics needed for the understanding of the theme. Main goals of my work are the basic principles of both trends and their usage for free-time pedagogy, especially for the upbringing outside education. It rises up the relation between the teacher and the learner, stressing out the respect for the child.

The thesis deals with the preschool children{\crq}s representations of emotions and violence and compares education in standard kindergartens with Montessori kindergartens. The conditions of the origin of Montessori pedagogy clarified and the basic principles are compared with current knowledge of biology, psychology, pedagogy and sociology. The thesis introduces also the notion of social representations and two studies of preschool children{\crq}s social representations of emotions and violence. It gathers the knowledge if and how it is possible to modify these preschool children{\crq}s social representations. It focuses on the Montessori pedagogy as one of the possibilities of increasing the presence and quality of these social representations.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2017-12-20T13:48:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandaluizadefaria.pdf: 2828889 bytes, checksum: 473ed85e60dd70481349489f243c70ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-12-21T11:19:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandaluizadefaria.pdf: 2828889 bytes, checksum: 473ed85e60dd70481349489f243c70ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-21T11:19:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandaluizadefaria.pdf: 2828889 bytes, checksum: 473ed85e60dd70481349489f243c70ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-21 / Uma escola que busca estabelecer uma pedagogia diferenciada, cuja trajetória vem romper com os programas anuais massivos e respeitar a individualidade do aluno em seu percurso, merece e demanda toda a atenção dos educadores do século XXI. Assim, o presente estudo vem investigar escolas que apresentam pedagogias de ensino diferenciadas, mas que se sustentam em propostas que têm como objetivo o ensino para todos. Sob o âmbito do Ensino de Química, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como o saber químico é trabalhado no Ensino Fundamental em uma Escola Waldorf, uma Escola Montessori e na Escola da Ponte. Buscamos ainda como os alunos dessas três instituições compreendem a Química nas suas relações interdisciplinares e possíveis aplicações na sociedade. Os ambientes de pesquisa foram a Escola Paineiras Waldorf, localizada na cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG, a Escola Montessori Meimei localizada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, e a Escola da Ponte, localizada em São Tomé de Negrelos, Portugal. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa foram alunos do Ensino Fundamental dessas três instituições e seus professores de Química. Para a construção dos dados, foram utilizados como instrumentos de pesquisa a observação e a entrevista semiestruturada. Foram observados os três espaços escolares como um todo, os materiais produzidos pelos alunos investigados e as aulas de Química, nas escolas em que haviam esse formato de ensino. Todas as observações foram compiladas em diário de campo e os materiais foram registrados por fotografia. Na Escola Paineiras Waldorf, as aulas ainda foram gravadas em áudio. Entrevistas foram realizada com alunos e professores, sendo todas gravadas em áudio e, posteriormente, transcritas. Para tratamento e análise dos dados utilizamos a Análise de Conteúdo. Nas três instituições, os resultados apontaram estratégias de ensino que contribuem para a formação cidadã, favorecendo que os alunos se tornem mais autônomos e críticos. A Escola da Ponte e a Montessori se destacaram por apresentarem formas de organização escolar diferenciadas. No caso da Escola da Ponte, vale destacar o uso de assembleias e do processo de auto avaliação. Especificamente sobre o ensino de Química, a Escola Waldorf se destacou por trazer uma metodologia de ensino mais diferenciada, com um currículo estruturado em eixos temáticos, com valorização da contextualização e da interdisciplinaridade, focado na experimentação e na observação com ênfase nos sentidos. Na Escola da Ponte e na Escola Montessori notamos um ensino de Química ainda preso ao currículo tradicional, com ênfase no conteúdo e pouca contextualização. Em virtude disso, os alunos da Escola Waldorf demonstraram estabelecer melhores relações do conteúdo químico com questões da sociedade e de outras disciplinas, o que não se fez tão presente entre os alunos da Escola da Ponte e da Escola Montessori. Este estudo tornou-se mais significativo à medida que possibilitou discussões sobre temáticas ainda pouco familiares ao contexto das pesquisas educacionais e do próprio cotidiano dos professores em geral. Além disso, foi possível salientar aspectos notáveis das três propostas pedagógicas, proporcionando ricas discussões no âmbito da Educação Básica. / A school that seeks to establish a differentiated pedagogy, whose trajectory breaks with the massive annual curricula and respects the individuality of the students in their learning course, deserves and demands all of the attention from the educators of the 21st century. Thus, the present study investigates schools that present differentiated teaching pedagogy and that, therefore, are based on a teaching proposal for everyone. Under the scope of the Teaching of Chemistry, the objective of this study is to investigate how the knowledge of Chemistry is worked in Elementary School in three schools: one whose teaching methods are based on Waldorf Education, one based on the Montessori method, and the ‘Escola da Ponte’; and how the students of these three institutions understand chemistry in their interdisciplinary relationships and application in society. The school where the research took place were the Paineira Waldorf School, located in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG, the Montessori Meimei School, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, and the ‘Escola da Ponte’, located in São Tomé de Negrelos, Portugal. The subjects were primary school students from the three institutions investigated and their Chemistry teachers. The research tools used to gather data were observation and the semistructured interview. The three school spaces were studied as a whole, as well as the materials produced by the subjects, and the chemistry in the schools that had classes as a teaching method. All observations were compiled in a field diary, the materials were recorded by means of photography and, at the Paineira Waldorf School, classes were also recorded in audio. The interview was conducted with students and teachers, all recorded in audio and later transcribed. Content Analysis was used to handle the data. The results point out that the three institutions have an education method which contributes to the formation of citizens, with more autonomous and critical students. The ‘Escola da Ponte’ and the Montessori schools stood out for their differentiated organization, besides the assembly and the process of self-evaluation carried out at the former. Specifically on the teaching of Chemistry, the Waldorf School excelled in bringing a more differentiated teaching, with their curriculum being structured in thematic axes, valuing contextualization and interdisciplinarity, besides focused on experimentation and observation, with an emphasis on the senses. However, at the ‘Escola da Ponte’ and at the Montessori schools, the teaching of Chemistry is still attached to the traditional curriculum, with an emphasis on content and poor contextualization. As a result, the Waldorf School students demonstrated a greater relationship between the contents taught with society and other subjects, which was not so prevalent in the students at the ‘Escola da Ponte’ and Montessori school. This study is significant in the extent that it has brought about discussions about themes which are still unfamiliar to the context of educational research and the daily life of teachers in general. In addition, it was possible to emphasize remarkable aspects of the three teaching methods that can be considered in Brazilian schools, providing rich discussions for the scope of Basic Education.

All Sweden´s preschools are part of the schoolsystem and, according to the School Act, must follow the Curriculum for Preschool: Lpfö18 (2018), whether they are independent, municipal or have different orientations. However, the curriculum does not contain specific goals about what the children should have achieved at a certain age or what knowledge they should have developed during their time in preschool but should be seen as a basis for planning the activities. With this, the curriculum can be perceived as interpretable and different areas of pedagogy become possible. The purpose of this literature study is to find out how the pedagogical orientations of Montessori pedagogy, Waldorf pedagogy and Reggio Emilia philosophy create prerequisites and opportunities for preschool children to be involved and influence the environment and the educational material. What similarities and differences can be learned based on scientific texts by Swedish authors? The child is seen as the central point when it comes to the environment and material placement in the various configurations. Participation and influence are created by the child being able to reach and take care of himself. Therefore, the child does not need to ask for help, which increases the child´s power to take care of the material that is desired to be used. The fact that the play is important can be deduced that the different educational orientations agrees at. Likewise, the material should create and stimulate the imagination and creativity. Differences that emerged during the study are the type of materials and toys found within the various configurations. Common to the results of the studies is that it is about the teachers' attitude and approach to the children's perspectives. The adult holds the power to decide how much influence and participation the children have, and everything has to do with the teacher's interest in creating meaning and a shared reality.

No description available.

En Haïti, le système éducatif est en pleine réforme. En privilégiant l’Approche par Compétences (APC), les nouvelles politiques amènent les responsables des écoles et les enseignants à utiliser des méthodes pédagogiques actives. Les efforts sont réalisés dans ce sens en particulier par des établissements privés. Toutefois, les méthodes pédagogiques qui permettent l’application de l’APC dans les écoles primaires en Haïti restent méconnues ou mal connues. Cette étude évalue la mise en oeuvre de la pédagogie Montessori telle qu’utilisée par les enseignants au niveau du primaire. À travers la littérature nous avons pu dégager cinq principes que sont la liberté, le respect du rythme, la motivation intrinsèque, la manipulation et l’apprentissage coopératif ainsi que les pratiques pédagogiques. Nous avons élaboré deux questionnaires pour des entretiens semi-structurés et des grilles d’observation qui nous ont permis d’évaluer la compréhension des principes, leur mise en œuvre. Les résultats ont permis d’avancer que la plupart des pratiques des enseignants sont conformes à ce qui a été retenu dans le cadre théorique. Les pratiques et les modifications apportées dépendent de la compréhension du principe par l’enseignant, de l’emploi du temps et du contexte environnemental. Mots clés : pédagogie Montessori, mise en œuvre, pratiques enseignantes, Haïti, école primaire / The education system in Haiti is currently undergoing major reforms. The new policies favor the implementation of the Competency Based Approach, encouraging school leaders and teachers to use more proactive teaching methods. Efforts are already being made by some schools, private ones for the most part. However, those methods still remain fairly or poorly known by the teaching staff. This study aims to assess the implementation of Montessori pedagogy currently used by teachers at the primary level. Through the literature we were able to identify five principles that are freedom, respect for rhythm, intrinsic motivation, manipulation and cooperative learning and teaching practices. We developed two questionnaires for semi-structured interviews and observation grids that allowed us to assess the understanding of the principles and their implementation. The results suggested that most of the teachers' practices are in compliance with the principle of Montessori approaches. Adjustments were made to consider the teacher's understanding of the principle, the school schedule and environmental context. Keywords: Montessori pedagogy, implementation, teaching practices, primary school, elementary school, Haiti

This Master's thesis examines options to advance reading literacy in schools with alternative education. Thesis is focused on teachers work and used methods. The aim of the thesis was to determine, how schools using alternative educational programs support the reading literacy. Theoretical part explores reading literacy, characteristics of alternative educational programs and schools -Montessori, Waldorf, Dalton and program Step by Step. It specifies RWCT - reading and writing to critical thinking program and method of advancement reading literacy and reading. The practical part evaluates surveys filled by teachers from alternative schools and teachers using alternative educational programs. Survey is focused on teacher's job, utilization of RWCT method in schools, working with reading literacy and support of reading.