国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Education (Educational Psychology). / Although various policies have been implemented to lessen the impact of Apartheid on all levels of education since 1994, sub-Saharan Africa still has the lowest level of higher education enrolment in the world (Bloom, Canning & Chan, 2006). This study therefore aimed to identify which factors contributed to students' university enrolment in South Africa and how these factors affected their academic success at university. A self-developed questionnaire assessing factors influencing enrolment for three key areas (personal, parental and schooling) was administered to 337 psychology one students registered at the University of the Witwatersrand and academic success was estimated using their psychology one mark for the first semester. Data was analysed using frequency counts, Spearman's correlations and two independent sample t-tests. Results showed that intrinsic and extrinsic motives had the greatest influence on individuals' decision to attend university, with those students intrinsically motivated performing better on average than those motivated by any other factor. In addition, socio-economic status played a role in success at university, possibly because it affects the quantity and quality of resources available to an individual. As a result, those students' with a higher socio-economic status tended to do better than those of lower socio-economic status. Further analysis indicated that fluency in English also had an effect on student's overall success. / AC2017

A few studies have attempted to examine whether children’s low self-esteem is partially explained by being relatively younger than their peers. In the present study this relative age effect on self-esteem is hypothesized to be mediated by children’s relationships to their teachers and the children’s performance in school. This study is based on nationally representative data from the Korean Youth Panel Survey. A total of 2,844 Korean fourth graders (M age = 9.86, SD = 0.35; 53.6% male) self reported their self-esteem, student-teacher relationships and academic achievement. Structural equation modeling revealed that both student-teacher relationships and academic achievement served as significant mediators in the relative age effect on self-esteem, even after family socioeconomic status was controlled for. The older children in the classroom formed higher quality student-teacher relationships and performed better in school, thereby ending up with higher self-esteem relative to their peers. These results may be used as guidance when creating intervention programs aiming to improve children’s SE and prevent negative development. / Ett par studier har undersökt om barns låga självkänsla delvis förklaras av att vara relativt yngre än sina klasskamrater. I denna studie antas barns relationer till sina lärare samt barns prestationer i skolan vara medierande faktorer för den beskrivna effekten av relativ ålder på barns självkänsla. Studien använder nationellt representativt data från Korean Youth Panel Survey. Sammanlagt 2,844 koreanska fjärdeklassare (M ålder = 9,86, SD = 0,35; 53,6% pojkar) skattade sin självkänsla, deras relationer till lärare och deras prestation i skolan. Strukturell ekvationsmodellering visade att både relationer till lärare och prestation i skolan var signifikanta medierande faktorer för effekten av relativ ålder på barns självkänsla. Detta även när familjens socioekonomiska status kontrollerats för. De relativt äldre barnen byggde relationer av högre kvalitet med sina lärare samt presterade bättre i skolan och fick därmed högre självkänsla än deras klasskamrater. Dessa resultat kan användas som vägledning när program med syfte att förbättra barns självkänsla samt förhindra negativ utveckling ska utformas.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

This study was undertaken in order to assess the effects of elementary school grade retention on the academic achievement of pupils. For each analysis in the study, norm-referenced standardized achievement tests were used as the dependent variable. Percentile rank score means in reading, language, and mathematics served as achievement indicators.

En kvalitativ studie har gjorts på åtta sistaårs gymnasieelever i södra Sverige. Studiens syfte var att undersöka self-efficacy bland eleverna. Två forskningsfrågor undersöktes: Vad upplever sistaårs gymnasieelever påverkar deras akademiska self-efficacy i samband med studier? Hur upplever sistaårs gymnasieelever att deras akademiska self-efficacy påverkar dem på deras fritid? Resultatet av en tematisk innehållsanalysvisade att positiv respons från tidigare erfarenhet hade ett positivt inflytande på elevernasself-efficacy och deras akademiska prestationer. Andras erfarenheter hade ofta en negativ inverkan på elevernas self-efficacy, deras fysiologiska och emotionella tillstånd påverkade dem olika. De som gjorde någon fysisk aktivitet underveckan kände sig mer lättad och fokuserade bättre på studierna jämfört med dem som inte gjorde någon form av fysisk aktivitet, dessa studenter kände ofta frustration eller stress påsin fritid och i deras akademiska prestation. Studien hoppas bidra till en större bild på målgruppen och ge en allmän bild på gymnasieelevers akademiska self-efficacy.

Augančiam organizmui reikalinga subalansuota mityba, apimanti įvairų maistą ir skysčius. Mityba yra pagrindinė moksleivių sveikatos sudedamoji dalis. Pastaraisiais metais reikalavimai maisto kokybei yra žymiai didesni, nes maisto stoka gali sukelti rimtas pasekmes (Wilson, 2006). Tam, kad vaikas būtų visiškai sveikas, reikalinga tinkama mitybos ir pakankamas fizinis aktyvumas, nes jis aprūpina organizmą deguonimi (Matthys et al., 2007). Tinkamas fizinis aktyvumas reguliuoja virškinimą, padeda išvengti nutukimo, teigiamai veikia nervų sistemą, padeda įveikti stresus, emocinį nuovargį bei depresiją (Rampersaud et al., 2005). Tyrimo hipotezė. Manome, kad moksleiviai, kurie kasdien valgo pusryčius, dažniau geria vandenį, palaiko fizinį aktyvumą, turėtų geriau mokytis (aukštesni akademiniai pasiekimai) ir jų elgesys turėtų būti geresnis (mažiau agresijos). Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti priklausomybę tarp 11-14 m. moksleivių fizinio aktyvumo, mitybos ypatumų, elgesio ir akademinių pasiekimų. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir palyginti Kauno miesto J. Urbšio vidurinės mokyklos ir Kauno rajono Rokų vidurinės mokyklos 11-14 metų moksleivių fizinį aktyvumą ir mitybos ypatumus. 2. Išsiaiškinti ir palyginti moksleivių akademinius pasiekimus ir agresyvaus elgesio pasireiškimą. 3. Nustatyti koreliacinius ryšius tarp vertintų rodiklių. Tyrimo išvados: 1. Ketvirtadalis (25%) Kauno miesto J. Urbšio vidurinės mokyklos ir Kauno rajono Rokų vidurinės mokyklos moksleivių fiziniam aktyvumui... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Growing organism needs balanced nutrition, which includes various food and liquids. Nutrition is the main component of children’s health. Recently requirements for food quality are far bigger, because shortage of nutrition may raise serious outcomes (Wilson, 2006). In order to be completely healthy children need good nutrition enough physical activity (Matthys et al., 2007). Research hypothesis. We think, that those students, who eat breakfast daily, more often drink water, hold physical activity, should learn better (better academic achievements) and their behaviour should be better (less aggression). Research objective: To define relationship between 11−14 age pupils’ physical activity, peculiarities of nutrition, behaviour, and academic achievements. Research goals: 1. To estimate and compare level of physical activity and peculiarities of nutrition of 11−14 pupils of Kaunas town J. Urbšio secondary school and Kaunas district Rokai secondary school age students. 2. To assess and compare academic achievements and aggressive behaviour among pupils. 3. To find correlation between assessed values. Conclusions: 1. One-Quarter of (25%) Kaunas town J. Urbšio secondary schol and Kaunas district Rokai secondary school pupils for physical activity allows just 2-3 hours per week. Boys of both schools are more physical active than girls. 2. Most of Kaunas town J. Urbšio (68%) secondary school and Kaunas district Rokai (69%) secondary school pupils eats breakfast. For breakfast... [to full text]

本研究旨在探討國小學生家庭社經地位與自我概念對學業成就之影響。研究採用問卷調查法，以新北市國小學生為樣本母群體，採分層隨機叢集抽樣，抽出20所國小共計740位受試者，回收有效問卷659份，所得資料分別以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、及多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料的分析與處理，以了解國小學生家庭社經地位、自我概念與學業成就之現況、差異情形及國小學生家庭社經地位與自我概念對學業成就的預測力。 研究結論如下： 一、國小學生自我概念現況屬中上程度，以「心理自我概念」最高。 二、國小學生學業成就現況屬中上程度，以「國語科學業成就」最高。 三、就讀年級在整體自我概念上有顯著差異，五年級高於六年級。 四、性別在英語科學業成就上有顯著差異，女性學生高於男性學生；就讀年級在國 語科及社會科學業成就上有顯著差異，六年級學生高於五年級學生。 五、家庭社經地位在國小學生自我概念上有顯著差異，高社經地位或中社經地位高於低社經地位。 六、家庭社經地位在國小學生學業成就上有顯著差異，高社經地位及中社經地位高於低社經地位。 七、家庭社經地位與自我概念對學業成就具顯著正相關及預測效果。 最後依據研究結果與結論，提出具體建議，以作為教育行政機關、教育人員以及未來研究的參考。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of socio-economic status and self-concept on academic achievement of elementary school students. A survey research was conducted using a sample of the fifth and sixth grade students of elementary schools in New Taipei City. 740 students from 20 schools were selected by stratified random sampling and cluster sampling. 659 valid sample data were collected, analyzed and processed with the methods of descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple stepwise regression analyses.The major findings of this study are as follows: 1.Elementary school studen’s self-concept is above average, “psychological self-concept” ranks the highest position. 2.Elementary school student’s academic achievement is above average, “Chinese academic achievement” ranks the highest position. 3.Grade show significant differences in self-concept, students who are in the fifth grade show higher performance than those in the sixth grade. 4.Gender show significant differences in English academic achievement, female students show higher performance than male students. Grade show significant differences in Chinese academic achievement and Society academic achievement, students who are in the sixth grade show higher performance than those in the fifth grade. 5.Socio-economic status show significant differences in self-concept, students who have high socio-economic status or intermediate socio-economic status show higher performance than those of low socio-economic status. 6.Socio-economic status show significant differences in academic achievement, students who have high socio-economic status and intermediate socio-economic status show higher performance than those of low socio-economic status. 7.Socio-economic status and self-concept are positively related to academic achievement. In addition, socio-economic status and self-concept have positive direct effect on academic achievement. Based on the findings and the conclusions, further suggestions for educational administration authorities, pedagogical individuals and future related study are proposed.

This study investigates differences in academic achievement and self-concept of students enrolled in a traditional public school program and a public school Montessori program. The attitudes of parents of students are also compared. The population includes 182 experimental and control kindergarten, first-, second-, and third-grade students in a Texas metropolitan school district.