Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Applied Science in Food and Nutrition, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / Introduction: South Africa, like many other developing countries, is challenged by malnutrition among children. Globally, the nutritional status of children is a cause for great concern. The nutritional shift towards diets laden with sugar, fat and salt contribute towards the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Snacking plays a pivotal role in the diets of children; however, the consumption of unhealthy snacks or ‘junk’ food poses a serious risk to a child’s nutritional well-being. Moringa oleifera was selected for snack food development in this study, as this plant is a significant source of nutrients. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the snacking preferences of children (grades 4-7 in four schools in Verulam, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, in order to develop a sensory acceptable snack enhanced with Moringa oleifera. Methodology: Two hundred primary school children between grades 4-7 were selected through stratified random sampling of schools in Verulam, KZN, South Africa through informed consent to participate in this study. In addition, ten parents/caregivers formed part of the preliminary study to determine the snacking habits of children in the selected grades. This information was reported in the form of themes. A Snack Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ) was administered to children for the sole purpose of determining snacking preferences. This was supplemented by an observational study to assist with identifying the most frequent tuck shop purchases. Thereafter, once the top three snack items were identified, the main study continued with the development of a healthy snack, through three cooking trials before an appropriate product was developed. The final product was made using three different amounts of dried Moringa leaves (1g Moringa, 2g Moringa and 3g Moringa per 22g portion) in a maize chip. The developed product was then subjected to nutrient testing in order to determine the vitamin A, zinc, iron and calcium content of the three different variants. The carbohydrate, fat, energy and sodium values were calculated by using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) International standardised methods. Microbiological and shelf life testing were also conducted to ensure the chips were safe for human consumption. Consumer acceptance sensory evaluation was conducted among the children (n=100) to determine the most preferred amount of Moringa leaf in the snack food item (either 1g of Moringa or 2g Moringa). To determine which of the two variants (sample 1 containing 1g of Moringa and sample 2 containing 2g Moringa) was preferred, two variants of the product were sampled by the participants; samples were coded in order to prevent bias. Results: Overall, the results from the focus group study revealed that children consumed snacks frequently and were given money regularly to purchase snack items from the school tuck shop. Price was a trend noted in factors that affect snack selection. The parents/caregivers responded positively towards purchasing a snack that was nutrient-rich. However, it was noted that the price should be reasonable. Results of the SFFQ indicated that the most popular snack items were chips, cold drinks and sweets; therefore these items were reviewed to determine the most viable option for further development. It was decided by the researcher and the supervisor that chips would be the snack item enhanced with three different amounts of Moringa. The consumer acceptance sensory evaluation comprised two chip samples (123 and ABC). The results of the consumer acceptance sensory evaluation showed that sample ABC (2g Moringa/22g serving) was preferred to sample 123 (1g Moringa/22g serving) for most of the sensory attributes (taste and texture). The Moringa chips (both samples) contain almost half the amount of sodium (52.8mg) when compared to a popular corn chip brand (100mg). Moringa chips contained almost less than 1 gram of fat compared to 8 grams of fat found in the corn chips children usually consume. One portion (22g) of the Moringa chips contributes a significant amount of non-haem iron (57.89%, 48.25% and 35.61% for sample 1, 2 and 3 respectively) for females aged between 9-13 years old. Conclusion: Moringa chips (2g/22g serving) received a positive response from children in the sample population. The use of indigenous plants such as Moringa, could be beneficial in food based strategies aimed at addressing malnutrition. Recommendations: This study concluded that food based strategies such as the development of the Moringa chips, should be considered as a means to create a healthy option for children in low socio-economic schools. / M

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2017-12-04T18:01:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pedro_manoel_araujo_santana.pdf: 1113895 bytes, checksum: aa89178214fa87d770781fc12019f31b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-04T18:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pedro_manoel_araujo_santana.pdf: 1113895 bytes, checksum: aa89178214fa87d770781fc12019f31b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Industrial processes have historically been an important factor in environmental degradation. Improper disposal of industrial waste containing potentially toxic metals in water supplies is a major physical, biotic and anthropic problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of the ground seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. As an alternative material to synthetic biosorbents for removal of cadmium ions in water. Before and after the treatments were carried out chemical analysis according to official methodology. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Pearson table chart with a significance level of 5% and correlation between variables. The results showed a better performance of the alternate method, employing pitcher for removing cadmium in water treatment under the following conditions: slightly basic pH (7.11); Contact time between pitcher and water was six hours; moringa one gram per liter of water. Under these conditions there was a reduction in the concentration of 70.28% cadmium proving that the alternative methodology in addition to being inexpensive, easy to perform, helps to minimize severe impacts that metal brings to people's health and the environment. / Os processos industriais têm sido historicamente um importante fator de degradação ambiental. A disposição inadequada de resíduos industriais contendo metais potencialmente tóxicos em fontes de águas representa um grande problema físico, biótico e antrópico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade adsortiva das sementes trituradas de Moringa oleifera Lam. como um material alternativo aos biossorventes sintéticos, para remoção de íons cádmio em águas. Antes e após os tratamentos foram realizadas determinações químicas de acordo com metodologia oficial. Os resultados foram analisados pela tabela ANOVA e o gráfico de Pearson com um nível de significância de 5 % e correlação entre as variáveis. Os resultados mostraram a melhor eficiência do método alternativo, empregando moringa, para remoção de cádmio, em tratamento de água nas seguintes condições: pH levemente básico (7,11); tempo de contato entre moringa e água de seis horas; um grama de moringa por litro de água. Nestas condições houve uma redução da concentração do cádmio de 70,28 % comprovando que a metodologia alternativa além de ser barata, de fácil execução, contribui para minimizar severos impactos que esse metal traz para a saúde das pessoas e para o ambiente.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-07-31T14:46:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 cleoneide_maria_nascimento_oliveira.pdf: 1019585 bytes, checksum: bddadf02f4c656ca1807ab68d3a5d526 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T14:46:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 cleoneide_maria_nascimento_oliveira.pdf: 1019585 bytes, checksum: bddadf02f4c656ca1807ab68d3a5d526 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-17 / Brazil is a country whose great potential for grain production has not yet been fully exploited. Corn is the most widespread and cultivated crop because it adapts to the most different ecosystems. Along with the effort to increase productivity, it is necessary to improve the harvesting process and the grain storage conditions. However, prolonged storage can only be achieved when harvesting, cleaning, drying and insect control practices are adopted correctly. The use of products applied through seeds, especially when stored, is a routine practice for the corn crop; However, growing concern about the environment and safety during the seed handling process has increased the demand for application technologies that allow risk reduction without compromising seed quality.Thus, the objective was to evaluate the physiological quality of maize seeds submitted to treatments, with five replicates, with doses equivalent to zero; 0.5; 1; 2 and 4 grams of the Moringa oleifera Lam. seed powder for each 10 grains of corn, with contact time corresponding to zero, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours, 30 days and 6 months. The determinations were: germination test, moisture, volumetric weight, weight of 1000 grains, ash, acidity index and fungi. The results obtained show that the physiological quality of the corn seeds with the application of Moringa oleifera Lam. on maize seeds is technically feasible and can be stored for up six months without compromising their physiological quality. / O Brasil é um país cujo grande potencial de produção de grãos ainda não foi plenamente explorado. O milho é a cultura mais amplamente difundida e cultivada, pois se adapta aos mais diferentes ecossistemas. Junto com o esforço para o aumento da produtividade, necessariamente há que se aprimorar o processo de colheita e as condições de armazenagem de grãos. Entretanto, o armazenamento prolongado só pode ser realizado quando se adotam corretamente as práticas de colheita, limpeza, secagem e combate a insetos. O uso de produtos aplicados via sementes, principalmente quando armazenados, é uma prática rotineira para a cultura do milho; no entanto, a crescente preocupação com o ambiente e com a segurança durante o processo de manipulação dessas sementes tem aumentado a demanda por tecnologias de aplicação que permitam a redução dos riscos, sem que a qualidade das sementes seja comprometida. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade físico-química de sementes de milho submetidas a tratamentos, com cinco repetições, com doses equivalentes a zero; 0,5; 1; 2 e 4 gramas do pó da semente da Moringa oleifera Lam. para cada 10 grãos de milho, com tempo de contato correspondente a zero, 2, 4, 6 e 24 horas, 30 dias e 6 meses. As determinações realizadas foram: teste de germinação, umidade, peso volumétrico, peso de 1000 grãos, cinzas e índice de acidez. Através dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que a qualidade das sementes de milho com a aplicação de Moringa oleifera Lam. é tecnicamente viável, podendo ser armazenadas por até seis meses, sem que haja comprometimento de sua qualidade fisiológica.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:54:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosangelaZampero-dissertacaocompleta.pdf: 820803 bytes, checksum: ec31de7b8b2d172d25dda29c7917c9ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-09 / The use of biopolymers extracted from plants in the clotting process has several advantages compared with chemical salts. Among the advantages: low cost and variation in the nature of the alkalinity of the water in the process, because the sludge generated after treatment has lower volume compared with the sludge generated with the use of chemical constituents. The specific study of wastewater generated in the industry of glass quenching calls attention to the high rate of waste sludge. The effluent is a major concern regarding the disposal or reuse. In this case, the hardening process studied uses 110,000 liters of water per month, which generates 40 tons / month of solid waste and consequently large volumes of wastewater. During the study the objective was to check the behavior of Moringa oleifera seeds as natural coagulant in the effluent liquid from the glass industry and water reuse in the process. / O uso de biopolímeros extraídos de vegetais no processo de coagulação tem várias vantagens em comparação com os sais químicos. Dentre as vantagens, destaca-se o baixo custo e o fato que não existe variação na natureza da alcalinidade da água no processo, pois o lodo gerado após tratamento apresenta menor volume quando comparado com o lodo gerado com uso de constituintes químicos. O estudo dos efluentes líquidos gerados na indústria de têmpera de vidros chamou a atenção pelo alto índice de lodos residuais. Este efluente é a grande preocupação quanto ao seu descarte ou reuso. Neste caso, o processo de têmpera estudado utiliza 110 mil litros de água por mês, que gera 40 ton./mês de efluentes sólidos e consequentemente grande volume de efluente líquido. No decorrer do estudo objetivou-se verificar o comportamento das sementes de Moringa oleifera como coagulante natural no efluente líquido da indústria de vidros e reuso da água no processo.

Introdução - Algumas espécies vegetais comestíveis, mas ausentes na dieta do brasileiro, podem ser boas fontes de nutrientes e de compostos bioativos, e a falta ou a perda de conhecimento sobre elas desfavorece sua inclusão na dieta. Objetivo - Avaliar a composição nutricional e propriedades funcionais da farinha de folha de moringa (Moringa oleifera) e da polpa de murici (Byrsonima crassifolia). Metodologia Os frutos de murici foram coletados em três cidades diferentes do Pará. A farinha de folha de moringa foi coletada na cidade de Marília (SP), nos períodos de fevereiro (verão), maio (outono), julho (inverno) e outubro (primavera) de 2012. Foi realizada a caracterização físico-química, determinação de vitamina C e carotenoides das amostras. A partir do extrato da farinha da folha de moringa e do murici, foi analisado o teor de compostos redutores totais, o perfil de compostos fenólicos, a atividade antioxidante pela capacidade de captação do radical livre DPPH e pelo método de ORAC, atividade antiglicação e inibição de lipase pancreática. Resultados O murici é um fruto rico em vitamina C (39,1 mg 100 g carotenoides, principalmente, luteína (18,66 mg 100 g -1 -1 de amostra) e de amostra). O extrato de murici contêm flavonoides (epicatequina, catequina, rutina e quercetina), e possui elevada atividade antioxidante no método DPPH e ORAC, IC 46,1 mmol equivalente Trolox 100 g -1 50 de 1,2 mg de sólido solúvel mL de sólido solúvel, respectivamente. Além disso, foi observada atividade de inibição da lipase pancreática e atividade antiglicação do extrato de murici. De modo geral, a farinha da folha de moringa possui alto teor de proteína (24,5 g -1 e 100 g -1 de amostra), cálcio (1,9 g 100 g fibras totais (38,2 g 100 g luteína (304,1 mg 100 g -1 -1 -1 de amostra), potássio (1,8 g 100 g -1 de amostra), e de amostra). Possui elevado teor de carotenoides, destacando a de amostra) e -caroteno (90,4 mg 100 g -1 extrato da farinha de moringa foram identificados o ácido clorogênico e a rutina. O extrato da farinha de moringa apresenta baixa atividade de inibição da lipase pancreática (IC 849,1 µg de sólidos solúveis mL -1 de amostra). No ), mas foi capaz de inibir a formação de produtos finais da glicação no sistema BSA/metilglioxal. Conclusão - O murici e a moringa demostram ser espécies vegetais promissoras na melhoria da dieta do brasileiro, devido às características nutricionais apresentadas neste estudo / Introduction - Some vegetables species, not presented in the diet of the brazilian, can be a good source of nutrients and bioactive compounds, and the gap or loss of knowledge about them disfavors the inclusion in the diet. Objectives Evaluate the nutritional composition and the functional properties of drumstick leaves powder (Moringa oleifera) and the pulp of nance fruit (Byrsonima crassifolia). Methods The nance fruits were collected in three different cities of Pará (Brazil). The drumstick leaves powder was collected in the city of Marília (Brazil), in the periods of february (summer), may (autumn), july (winter) and october (spring) of 2012. It was performed physicochemical characterization of the samples, determination of vitamin C and carotenoids. From the extract of drumstick leaves powder and nance fruit, was analyzed the total reducing substance, the profile of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity by the ability to scavenger peroxyl radical and by the ORAC method, antiglycation activity and inhibition of pancreatic lipase. Results The nance fruit is rich in vitamin C (39,1 mg 100 g (18,66 mg 100 g -1 -1 of sample) and carotenoids, mostly, lutein of sample). The extract of nance contains flavonoids (epicatechin, catechin, rutin and quercetin), and has high antioxidant activity by the DPPH and ORAC methods, IC 50 of 1,2 mg souble solid mL -1 and 46,1 mmol equivalent Trolox 100 g solid, respectively. Moreover, was observed inhibitory activity of pancreatic lipase and antiglycation activity of the extract of nance. Altogether, the drumstick leaves powder has -1 soluble high content of protein (24,5 g 100 g potassium (1,8 g 100 g 1 -1 of sample), calcium (1,9 g 100 g of sample), and total fiber (38,2 g 100 g 1 1 of sample), of sample). The drumstick leaves powder has high content of carotenoids, mostly, lutein (304,1 mg 100 g -1 of sample) and -carotene (90,4 mg 100 g -1 of sample). In the extracts of drumstick leaves powder were identified chlorogenic acid and rutin. The extract presents low activity of pancreatic lipase inhibition (IC 50 849.1 µg soluble solid mL -1 ), yet was capable of inhibiting the formation of glycation endproducts system BSA/ methylglyoxal. Conclusion The nance fruit and the drumstick leaves powder shows to be vegetable species promising in improving the diet of the Brazilian, due to the nutritional characteristics presented in this study

The high cost of feed materials and feed additives in developing nations has elicited interest in the search for sustainable alternatives. Moringa (Moringa oleifera), one of such sustainable alternatives is a tropical plant that has its usefulness investigated in this study. A 42-day study was designed to determine the response of Ross 308 broilers to dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation. The Moringa oleifera leaves used for the study were analysed for proximate, mineral and composition as well as phytochemical contents before being incorporated in the diet. Day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 500) were allotted to five treatments in completely randomized design with each treatment replicated five times and each replicate having 20 chicks. The birds were subjected to diets supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf meal at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg feed at both starter and finisher stage, respectively and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Moringa oleifera leaf meal level that supported optimum production and physiological variables was modelled using the quadratic function. At day 42, three birds per replicate were slaughtered to evaluate carcass and organ yields. Result of the proximate composition revealed that MOLM is rich in protein (32.37%) and neutral detergent fibre (52.16%). Mineral assay indicated that MOLM was high in calcium, sodium, potassium, sulphur and iron. Daily feed intake (FI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio were the same among the treatments with the exception of starter broilers on diet T1 that had higher ADG (p<0.05) than those on the other diets. Final live weight (FLW), mortality and gizzard weight were influenced (p<0.05) by Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation. Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had no effect on parameters measured. Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation at 39.98 and 35.80 g/kg feed supported optimum FLW and ADG at starter phase and 46.88 g/kg feed MOLM supported optimum FLW at finisher phase. In conclusion, Moringa oleifera leaf meal is a good source of nutrients and suitable for production of enhanced cut parts in broiler chickens. Birds on 50 and 75 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed had higher (p<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and glucose than those on the other 3 treatment diets. The white blood cell (WBC) counts for birds on 50 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed were higher (p<0.05) than those on 100 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed but similar (p>0.05) to those on 0, 25 and 75 g MOLM/kg feed. Blood platelet count maintained the trend 75 g > 0 g > 50 g > 100 g > 25 g MOLM/kg feed with birds on 75 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed being statistically higher (p<0.05) than those on 25, 50 and 100 g MOLM/kg feed. Dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had no significant effect (p>0.05) on haemoglobin (Hb), total serum protein (TSP), albumin, cholesterol and uric acid. Triglyceride (TG) level of birds on 25, 75 and 100 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed decreased significantly compared to those on 0 and 50 g MOLM/kg feed. Daily Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the differential WBC count. Daily Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation with 26.99 g/kg feed and 31.95 g/kg feed respectively supported optimum PCV (38.62%) and glucose (245.42 mg/dl) in Ross 308 broilers. It is, therefore summarized that optimizing MOLM supplementation level in the ration of Ross 308 broilers could assist in improving their productivity. / Agriculture and  Animal Health / Ph. D. (Agriculture)

<p>Volcanic ash and Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) were investigated as indigenous materials for drinking water treatment based on problems identified at Kampala and Masaka water treatment plants in Uganda. Coagulation experiments were done using swamp raw water at Masaka National Water & Sewerage Corporation water treatment plant and pilot-scale filtration experiments carried out at Ggaba II (Kampala) water treatment plant. The results from the study indicated that there were both operational and design handicaps at the treatment plants in Kampala. There is need to modify the filtration and clarification units to enable production of water meeting both the national and international standards. At Masaka water treatment, there was increase in trihalomethanes concentration as a result of pre-chlorination. Following aeration and pre-chlorination processes, the average increase of total trihalomethanes concentration was over 4000% with over 99% being chloroform. Preliminary results from the jar test experiments indicated that use of alum with MOCSC as coagulant aid is promising as a first stage in the treatment train for waters with a humic materials and high content of iron, typical of swamp water sources. This would probably eliminate the formation of unwanted by-products by eliminating the pre-chlorination process. Assessment of the characteristics of the volcanic ash showed that it meets the requirements for a filtration material; and results obtained from the pilot study showed that it was a suitable alternative material for use in a dual media filtration system. There was an increase in the filter run length of about two and half fold in the dual media filtration column compared to the mono medium column. Both columns produced similar water quality levels. Therefore, conversion of the rapid sand filters at Ggaba and similar water treatment plants in the country to dual media (volcanic ash on top of sand) systems would probably significantly improve the performance of the filtration systems.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:49:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3553488 bytes, checksum: c7a68dde18e1eb50115987c8405cadf0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The species Moringa oleifera Lamarck is a perennial and drought-tolerant plant cultivated as ornamental and medicinal plant. In this study, ethanolic extracts of leaves, flowers, and seed pods of this plant were evaluated for their protective effect against soybean and fish oil oxidation. For this, total extractable phenolics (TEP) were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method, as well as the antioxidant potential, using the DPPH radical scavenging activity method (RSA-DPPH), iron power reduction (FRAP) and &#946;-carotene/ linoleic acid system. The thermal stability of extracts was measured by thermal analysis (TG / DTA) and the antioxidant effect on soybean and fish oils was investigated by the Rancimat method, pressurized differential scanning calorimetry (P-DSC) and accelerated storage test. The preliminary toxicity assessment of extracts was performed using Artemia salina larvae. The TEP levels in extracts of leaves, flowers and seed pods were (53.69 ± 1.00), (45.85 ± 1.71), (41.75 ± 3.35) and (8.06 ± 0.47) mg GAE / g of extract, respectively. In tests to determine the antioxidant capacity, extract from leaves showed better RSA-DPPH and FRAP and also higher antioxidant activity in the &#946;-carotene/ linoleic acid system. In the thermal stability evaluation, extract from leaves was also more stable than the other extracts. In tests to evaluate the antioxidant effect of extracts, it was found that extract from leaves was more efficient in both oils in Rancimat and P-DSC methods with protective effect equivalent to synthetic antioxidant BHT in soybean oil using the Rancimat method. In the accelerated storage test, it was found that after 16 days of storage, extract from leaves was the most effective in inhibiting the formation of oxidation products in both oils, being more effective than BHT and TBHQ in fish oil. The results of the preliminary toxicity assessment showed low toxicity, suggesting that the extracts may be consumed without health damage. These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of moringa leaves has efficient protective effect when applied to lipid systems of low oxidative stability and could be an alternative source of potential application in the oils and fats industry. / A Moringa oleífera Lamark é uma planta perene e tolerante a seca cultivada como planta ornamental e medicinal. No presente estudo, os extratos etanólicos das folhas, flores, cascas das vagens e sementes desta planta foram avaliados quanto a sua proteção contra a oxidação dos óleos de soja e de peixe. Para isso, foram determinados o teor de fenólicos extraíveis totais (FET) através do método Folin-Ciocalteau e o potencial antioxidante, empregando-se os métodos de sequestro do radical DPPH (RSA-DPPH), poder de redução do ferro (FRAP) e sistema &#946;-caroteno/ácido linoléico. A estabilidade térmica dos referidos extratos foi avaliada através da análise térmica (TG/DTA) e o efeito antioxidante investigado nos óleos de soja e de peixe através dos métodos Rancimat, calorimetria exploratória diferencial pressurizada (PDSC) e teste de estocagem acelerada em estufa. A avaliação preliminar da toxicidade dos extratos foi realizada utilizando larvas de Artemia salina. Os teores FET nos extratos das folhas, flores, casca das vagens e sementes foram (53,69 ± 1,00); (45,85 ± 1,71); (41,75 ± 3,35) e (8,06 ± 0,47) mg GAE/g de extrato, respectivamente. Nos ensaios de determinação da capacidade antioxidante, o extrato das folhas apresentou melhor RSA-DPPH, FRAP e também maior atividade antioxidante no sistema &#946;-caroteno/ácido linoleico. Na avaliação da estabilidade térmica, o extrato das folhas também se mostrou mais estável do que os demais extratos. Nos ensaios de avaliação do efeito antioxidante dos extratos, verificou-se que o extrato das folhas foi o mais eficiente em ambos os óleos nos métodos Rancimat e PDSC, com efeito protetor equivalente ao antioxidante sintético BHT no óleo de soja na técnica Rancimat. No teste de estocagem acelerada em estufa, foi verificado que após 16 dias de armazenamento o extrato das folhas foi o mais eficaz na inibição da formação dos produtos da oxidação primária e secundária em ambos os óleos, sendo mais eficiente do que o BHT e TBHQ no óleo de peixe. Os resultados da avaliação preliminar de toxicidade indicaram uma baixa toxicidade dos extratos, sugerindo que os mesmos podem ser consumidos sem prejuízo à saúde. Estes resultados sugerem que o extrato etanólico das folhas de moringa possui efeito protetor eficiente quando aplicado a sistemas lipídicos de baixa estabilidade oxidativa, podendo vir a ser uma fonte alternativa de potencial aplicação na indústria de óleos e gorduras.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-17T15:14:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JéssicaBMM_DISSERT.pdf: 581155 bytes, checksum: 7e403d68146a4eae342ccc4a752f27c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T15:14:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JéssicaBMM_DISSERT.pdf: 581155 bytes, checksum: 7e403d68146a4eae342ccc4a752f27c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Moringa oleifera leaves are considered a promising food for the Northeast because of its nutritional profile and its ability to be keeping green during periods of drought. The research objective was to evaluate the physical and chemical composition and digestibility and energy value of sheets of dried moringa for birds. The chemical analyzes were carried out for crude protein, dry matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, ash and gross energy by the conventional method and the next spectrometry method of infrared. In the measurement of chlorophyll and the main bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, total carotenoids, flavonoids yellow, total extractable polyphenols and vitamin C through the spectrometric method. The results of the composition of the dried leaves of the Moringa showed that it has good crude protein (30.93%) for conventional analysis and analysis in NIRS (31.64%) anthocyanins (1.02 mg / 100g), carotenoids total (1.48 mg / kg), chlorophyll (120.62 mg / kg), yellow flavonoids (25.76 mg / 100g), polyphenols (105.15 mg / 100g), especially the amount of vitamin C (485.71 mg / 100g). In the digestibility trial, 20 adult birds were housed individually in cages adapted for excreta collection, with five treatments (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% inclusion of moringa leaves), distributed in a completely randomized design. For apparent digestibility of diets with increasing levels of inclusion of dehydrated leaves of Moringa oleifera was observed a decreasing linear effect for mineral matter (MM)), y = 27.3120 - 0,4934x, (R2 = 0.65) , ether extract (EE), y = 87.3124 - 0,9394x, (R2 = 0.72); neutral detergent fiber (NDF), y = 29.6686 - 0,2957x, (R2 = 0.61); acid detergent fiber (ADF), y = 20.2322 - 0,1688x, (R2 = 0.68); for the metabolization coefficient of gross energy (GE), y = 72.4564 - 0,4285x, (R2 = 0.77) and apparent metabolizable energy of feed (EMA) y = 3783.96 - 15,52x ( R2 = 0.29). With exeção of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP), that no significant effects. The value of apparent metabolizable energy of moringa leaves for adult birds was 2.155,81kcal / kg, a value obtained by Matterson technique. Also the coefficient of energy metabolism (CME) with 47.44% for moringa leaf was observed / As folhas de Moringa oleífera são consideradas um alimento promissor para região nordeste, devido ao seu perfil nutricional e sua capacidade de ser manter verde durante os períodos de estiagem. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a composição físicoquímica e a digestibilidade e o valor energético das folhas de moringa desidratadas para aves. As análises bromatológicas foram realizadas quanto aos teores de proteína bruta, matéria seca, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido, cinzas e energia bruta pelo método convencional e pelo método de espectrometria próxima de infravermelho. Além da quantificação de clorofila a e principais compostos bioativos como: antocianinas, caratenoides totais, flavonoides amarelos, polifenóis extraíveis totais e vitamina C, através do método de espectrometria. Os resultados da composição das folhas desidratadas da moringa mostraram que a mesma apresenta bons teores de proteína bruta (30,93%) para análises convencionais e para análises no NIRS (31,64%) antocianinas (1,02 mg/100g), carotenoides totais (1,48 mg/kg), clorofila a (120,62 mg/kg), flavonoides amarelos (25,76 mg/100g), polifenóis (105,15 mg/100g) , destacando-se a quantidade de vitamina C (485,71 mg/100g). No ensaio de digestibilidade, 20 aves adultas foram alojadas individualmente em gaiolas metálicas adaptadas para coleta total de excretas, com cinco tratamentos (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% de inclusão das folhas de moringa), distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Para coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente das rações com níveis crescentes de inclusão de folhas desidratadas de Moringa oleífera, foi observado um efeito linear decrescente para matéria mineral (MM) ), y= 27,3120 – 0,4934x, (R2 = 0,65), extrato etéreo (EE), y= 87,3124 – 0,9394x, (R2 = 0,72); fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), y= 29,6686 - 0,2957x, (R2 = 0,61); fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), y= 20,2322 – 0,1688x, (R2 = 0,68); para o coeficiente de metabolização de energia bruta (EB), y= 72,4564 – 0,4285x, (R2 = 0,77) e para energia metabolizável aparente das rações (EMA) y= 3783,96 – 15,52x, (R2 = 0,29). Com exeção da matéria seca (MS) e da proteína bruta (PB),que não observados efeitos significativos. O valor de energia metabolizável aparente das folhas de moringa para aves adultas foi de 2.155,81kcal/kg, valor este obtido através da técnica de Matterson. Também foi observado o coeficiente de metabolização de energia (CME) com 47,44 % para folha de moringa / 2017-03-16

FREIRE, José Ednésio da Cruz. Análise in silico da sequência deduzida de Mo-CBP3, uma proteína ligante à quitina de Moringa oleifera LAM. 2013. 116 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2013. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-05-30T12:44:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jecfreire.pdf: 2576370 bytes, checksum: c3841faa82a44a8e3de82ce42c785dc5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-11T23:29:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jecfreire.pdf: 2576370 bytes, checksum: c3841faa82a44a8e3de82ce42c785dc5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-11T23:29:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jecfreire.pdf: 2576370 bytes, checksum: c3841faa82a44a8e3de82ce42c785dc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Moringa oleifera is a tree belonging to the Moringaceae family. This plant is native from India where it is named as drumstick tree. In Brazil M. oleifera was introduced in the 1950’s decade and it is known as moringa. Approximately 40% of the fresh weight of these seeds is formed by proteins, some of which were isolated and characterized as flocculants and antinutritional proteins. In addition, the chitin binding proteins have been identified and isolated, especially among which is the Mo-CBP3, a thermostable glycoprotein of apparent molecular mass of around 14.3 kDa, with potent inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi. In order to characterize the deduced sequence of Mo-CBP3, moringa fruits were collected 65 days after anthesis and their seeds subjected to extraction of total RNA. cDNA synthesis was directed by ‘5’ RACE’-PCR. The PCR products were subcloned into appropriate vectors (pGEM-T Easy) and then introduced into Escherichia coli cloning host TOP10F'. The recombinant plasmids were purified from transformed bacterial cell and subjected to DNA sequencing. The computational analysis of the deduced protein sequence of Mo-CBP3 showed that this protein has an apparent molecular mass of 12.85 kDa and it is unstable in cytoplasmic conditions. It has derived signal sequences, one for the signal peptide with 30 amino acids, and a sequence at the C-terminus of this protein, related to the anchorage to the plasma membrane as well as the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, probable sites of O-glycosylation and phosphorylation were identified. One domain related to the lipid transfer functions, reserve and trypsin inhibitors and alpha-amylase was identified following Mo-CBP3, thereby contributing to the understanding of its potent action against phytopathogenic fungi. / A Moringa oleifera é uma planta pertencente à família Moringaceae. Esta planta é nativa da Índia, sendo lá conhecida como drumstick (baqueta ou bastão de tambor). No Brasil, a M. oleifera foi introduzida na década de 1950, e é conhecida como moringa. Aproximadamente 40% do peso fresco das sementes é composto por proteínas, das quais algumas foram isoladas e caracterizadas como sendo floculantes e proteínas antinutricionais. Em adição, proteínas ligantes à quitina têm sido identificadas e isoladas, destacando-se dentre estas a Mo-CBP3, uma glicoproteína termoestável de massa molecular aparente em torno de 14,3 kDa, com potente atividade inibitória contra fungos fitopatogênicos. A fim caracterizar a sequência deduzida da Mo-CBP3, frutos de moringa foram coletados após 65 dias da antese e suas sementes submetidas à extração de RNA total. A síntese de cDNA foi dirigida por meio da técnica PCR-RACE 5'. Os produtos de PCR foram subclonados em vetores apropriados (pGEM-T Easy) e, em seguida, introduzido em hospedeiro de clonagem Escherichia coli TOP10F'. Os plasmídeos recombinantes foram purificados de células bacterianas transformadas e submetidos ao sequenciamento de DNA. A análise computacional da sequência deduzida da proteína Mo-CBP3 mostrou que esta é uma proteína de massa molecular aparente em torno de 12,85 kDa e, em condições citoplasmáticas apresenta-se instável. Possui sequências sinais deduzidas, sendo uma para peptídeo sinal, com 30 aminoácidos, e uma sequência na região C-terminal relacionada à ancoragem desta proteína à membrana plasmática, bem como ao retículo endoplasmático. Ademais, prováveis sítios de O-glicosilação e de fosforilação foram identificados. Um domínio relacionado às funções de transferência de lipídeos, de reserva e de inibidores de tripsina e de alfa-amilase foi identificado na sequência de Mo-CBP3, contribuindo, desse modo, para o entendimento de sua potente ação contra fungos fitopatogênicos.