Cette thèse avait pour objectif d'analyser l'influence de certains facteurs (expertise, difficulté de la tâche) sur le traitement dimages en 2D et 3D. Le terrain choisi pour étudier cette question est le domaine de la chirurgie minimale invasive, qui, par les nouvelles technologies quelle utilise, permet de recueillir des données écologiques dans une situation réelle avec de vrais experts. Nous avons donc comparé la performance de sujets novices et experts dans des tâches de complexités diverses avec différentes technologies chirurgicales (laparoscopie classique en 2D et 3D et laparoscopie robotique en 2D et 3D). Nos plans expérimentaux nous ont permis de mettre en évidence deux dimensions distinctes : une perceptive (différence 2D-3D) et une instrumentale (différence laparoscopie classique-robotique). Nos résultats montrent dans lensemble que les différences entre le 2D et le 3D se marquent particulièrement pour les sujets novices et dans les tâches de complexité moyenne. En effet, peu de différence entre le 2D et 3D est mise en évidence chez les chirurgiens experts qui ont développé des mécanismes de compensation très efficaces quand ils sont dans un environnement en 2D. En ce qui concerne la complexité des tâches, la différence entre le 2D et 3D est minime quand la tâche est simple et augmente avec la difficulté de la tâche. Elle atteint cependant un sommet à partir duquel elle napparaît plus, la différence se marquant pour les tâches très complexes à un niveau instrumental et non plus perceptif. Enfin, nous montrons chez nos sujets novices très peu de transfert dhabiletés dune technologie à lautre, ce qui encourage la poursuite des formations avec les diverses techniques afin déviter tout risque lors dune reconversion au cours dune intervention chirurgicale. This thesis aimed to analyse the influence of some factors (expertise, task complexity) on the processing of 2D and 3D images. The field of these studies was the minimal invasive surgery which uses new technologies and allows to obtain ecological data from real experts. We compared the performance of novices (medical students) and experts (surgeons) in tasks of varied complexities with different surgical techniques (classical laparoscopy in 2D and 3d and robotic laparoscopy in 2D and 3D). Our experimental plans allowed us to differentiate two dimensions: one perceptive (2D-3D difference) and one instrumental (classical and robotic laparoscopy difference). Our main results showed that difference between 2D and 3D particularly occurs in novice performance and in tasks of middle complexity. Indeed, we observed very few differences between 2D and 3D in expert performance, surgeons have developed very efficient compensatory mechanisms when they act in 2D vision. Concerning the task complexity, the difference between 2D and 3D was really minor when the task is easy and increased with the complexity of the task. However, this difference reached a top after which the difference between 2D and 3D disappeared and thus only the instrumental difference remained for very complex tasks. Finally, we showed very switch of skills between the techniques by novice subjects. This finding stresses the necessity to pursue training with the different techniques in order to prevent gaps in performance and thus operating risk if a conversion procedure occurs.

Syfte Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan motorisk färdighet ochmängd fysisk aktivitet av olika intensiteter hos barn med diagnosen ADHD. Frågeställningar 1. Hur många barn med ADHD har motoriska nedsättningar utifrån Movement ABC? 2. Hur många barn med ADHD når upp till de Nordiska rekommendationerna för fysiskaktivitet? 3. Hur ser sambandet mellan motorisk färdighet och fysisk aktivitetsnivå ut hos barn medADHD? Metod I studien ingick fem pojkar i åldern 9-12 år med diagnosen ADHD. I studien mättes denfysiska aktivitetsgraden med accelerometrar av modellen ActiGraph GT3X somtestpersonerna bar under sju efterföljande dagar. Den motoriska förmågan hos testpersonernamättes med hjälp av de kvantitativa motoriktesterna i Movement ABC. Testerna genomfördesi en lokal på testpersonernas skolor och accelerometrarna samt ett medföljandeinformationsbrev delades ut vid samma tillfälle. Resultat Av resultaten av motoriktesterna framgår att endast en testperson hade ett resultat som visarpå tillfredsställande motorisk förmåga, tre testpersoner låg i riskzonen för motoriskanedsättningar och en testperson hade uppenbara brister i sin motoriska färdighet. Fyra av de fem testpersonerna uppnådde de Nordiska rekommendationerna om minst 60 minuters fysiskaaktivitet per dag, inkluderad både måttlig till hård aktivitet. Inga signifikanta samband kundeses mellan fysisk aktivitetsnivå och motorisk färdighet. Slutsats Studien kunde inte finna något samband mellan motorisk färdighet och mängd fysisk aktivitetav olika intensiteter hos barn med diagnosen ADHD. På grund av testgruppens ringa storlekbör man ej betrakta studiens resultat som generaliserbara, studien kan dock ses som enpilotstudie. / Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a correlation between motorskills and amount of physical activity of various intensities in children diagnosed with ADHD. Questions 1. How many children with ADHD have motor impairments based on Movement ABC? 2. How many children with ADHD reaches the Nordic recommendations for physicalactivity? 3. What is the relationship between motor skills and level of physical activity in childrenwith ADHD? Method The study included five boys aged 9-12 years diagnosed with ADHD. The study is study inwhich the physical activity level was measured using ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers whichtest subjects wore for seven subsequent days. The motor skills of the test subjects were measured using the quantitative motor tests in Movement ABC. The tests were carried out ina room at the test subjects schools and accelerometers, and accompanying instruction were distributed at the same time. Results The results of motor tests showed that only one person had test results showing satisfactorymotor skills, three test persons were at risk of motor impairments and a test person hadobvious defects in their motor skills. Four of the five test persons achieved the nordicrecommendations for at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day, including both moderateto heavy activity. No significant correlation was seen between physical activity level andmotor skills. Conclusions The study could not find any correlation between motor skills and amount of physical activityof various intensities in children diagnosed with ADHD. Due to the small test group theresults of the current study should be taken with precaution, but can be regarded as a pilotstudy.

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare, severe neurodevelopmental disorder, which partly develops in a predictable way, and influences many bodily functions. Regression, i.e. loss of earlier achieved abilities, is one of the clinical criteria for RTT. Research on motor function has to some extent focused on this loss, and less on the possibility to keep, regain or develop abilities. RTT is mainly verified in girls/women, and the prevalence of classic RTT in Sweden for girls born between 1965 and 1976 was 1 in 10.000-12.000. Clinical criteria are used for diagnosis, but since 1999 RTT can be confirmed by a genetic test. As there is no cure so far, development of clinical intervention and management is important, and with good treatment it is possible to improve quality of life. The main aim was to acquire more knowledge about motor development in RTT, both, early development, and development over time. Another aim was to study if there were deviating orthostatic reactions when rising from sitting to standing, and during standing, compared with normally developed, healthy people, matched by sex and age. Clinical experience as well as reports from parents showed that some people with RTT had lost abilities, some had been able to keep abilities, and some had been able to learn new abilities after regression. For good results, the person with RTT had to be motivated, and the intervention jointly planned; it was also important to realize that dyspraxia causes dependence on other people’s initiatives. Information about one person with RTT, collected over several years, showed the possibility to develop in some areas over time and the tendency to deteriorate in other areas. Studying orthostatic reactions when rising to standing, and standing for three minutes, revealed that those with RTT mainly had the same reactions as the healthy controls. The quicker initial drop in systolic blood pressure in people with RTT, when rising, has not been documented earlier.   In conclusion, this thesis shows that it is possible for some people with RTT to keep abilities, regain abilities, and also learn new abilities after regression. Since those with RTT recovered their blood pressure in the same way as the healthy controls, there is no reason to recommend limitations in standing, though the quicker initial drop in systolic blood pressure should be noted. The deterioration in walking found in our previous studies does not seem to be due to deviation in orthostatic reactions. Individual analysis, as well as good knowledge about the development of the disorder and variation in its expression, is essential. Since many people with RTT live to adulthood, planning for lifelong intervention and care is most important.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common injuries responsible for lost time claims to the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB). The main purpose of this study was to determine whether measurable sensorimotor changes exist in asymptomatic individuals who are at risk for CTS such that sensory impairment and/or functional tests may be used in the early detection and intervention to reduce the impact of CTS on individuals, industry and the health care system. Participants were recruited into three strata: (1) individuals diagnosed with mild CTS, (2) asymptomatic individuals who were deemed to be at risk of developing CTS due to exposure to etiological risk factors and (3) asymptomatic individuals who were deemed to be at minimal risk of developing CTS based on non-exposure to risk factors. The main outcome measures included two-point discrimination ability, pressure acuity, vibration sense, Purdue Pegboard Test performance and tracking error and tracking variance on a manual tracking task performed at two different speeds. Seven individuals with CTS, fourteen individuals at risk of developing CTS and nine control individuals with minimal risk participated. The CTS group was significantly different from the at-risk and control groups on the main and work sections of the DASH questionnaire, and the symptom severity scale and functional status scale of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. The only outcome measure that showed a significant difference between the at-risk and the minimal risk group was the assembly task of the Purdue Pegboard Test (p = 0.044), however other measures including median nerve conduction latencies, and manual tracking abilities showed promise that with further recruitment, a significant difference may be seen. The sensory impairment tests did not demonstrate degradation in sensory function in individuals at risk of developing CTS, however analysis of sensory nerve conduction latencies and some aspects of fine motor skills testing did show some promise in their ability to detect individuals at risk of developing CTS. A future prospective study that follows individuals at risk of developing CTS may determine that it is possible to implement a screening tool for the early identification and treatment of CTS. / Thesis (Master, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-15 12:15:45.208

Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka Pedagogernas syn på barns motoriska utveckling med inriktning till naturmiljö samt om pedagogerna är medvetna om forskningen kring barns motoriska utveckling med inriktning på naturmiljön.   Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer. Intervjuerna gjordes på fem olika förskolor med sex olika pedagoger, både förskollärare och barnskötare. Förskolorna var placerade i en mellan stor kommun i Sverige. De intervjuade jobbade på 1-3 års avdelning, då detta var vald åldersgrupp för undersökningen.   Av resultatet framgår att pedagogerna är ute i naturen olika mycket och detta beror på olika faktorer. Det är dock medvetna om fördelarna som naturen har med sig för den motoriska utvecklingen och kan inte se några nackdelar med naturen för den motoriska utvecklingen. Pedagogerna är till viss del medvetna om forskningen kring ämnet, men de anser att medvetenheten är olika från pedagog till pedagog.   Slutsatsen av studien är att pedagogerna är medvetna om de fördelar som naturen har med sig för den motoriska utvecklingen och samtliga vill vara ute mer i naturen. Deras medvetenhet kring forskningen om motorik är något som kan bli högre och borde diskuteras mer i arbetslaget för att medvetenheten ska bli den samma hos alla. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the pedagogues view of children’s motorical development with a orientation in natural environment and if the pedagogues are aware of the research on children’s motorical development with a orientation in natural environment The study is based on qualitative interviews. Interviews were conducted on five different preschools with six different teachers, both pre-school and nursery nurses. The preschools were placed in a medium-sized municipality in Sweden. Respondents worked in 1-3 years department, as this age group was selected for the survey.   The result shows that the pedagogues spends different amount of time in nature, depending on various factors. Aside from these factors, they are aware of the benefits nature offers to the motorical development and can not see any disadvantages for the motorical development. The pedagogues are to a certain point aware of the research on the subject, but believe that the awareness varies from pedagogue to pedagogue. The conclusion is that the pedagogues are aware of the benefits nature offers to the motorical development and all whishes to be outdoors more often. Their awareness of research on motor activity can be raised and should be discussed more in their teams so all can get the same awareness.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4306.pdf: 1162248 bytes, checksum: 83bb6612e573291134755d22485fc9d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Fine motor coordination is essential to the intellectual and psychomotor development of a child. The use fine motor skills to manipulate objects and perform functional needs plays a vital role in child development and participation in activities of daily living. Therefore, difficulties in fine motor skills affect school performance and undermine the child s self-esteem and the sense of competence. The objective of this study was to describe how is configured the scientific field of fine motor skills in children national and international databases. In addition, aimed at specifics to analyze the scientific parameters in bibliometric, mapping scientific production within the fine motor components related to body function, participation in activities and environmental factors. The methodology used was bibliometric analysis of the studies recovered on the databases national and international, Banco de teses da CAPES, BVS, ScienceDirect and Scopus. The methodological procedures of the study were divided into the following steps: Step 1 - Review of the literature on Human development, Child Development Motor, Occupational Therapy and Information Science, Step 2 - Data collection and systematization of data; Step 3 - Bibliometric analysis: organization and processing of bibliometric studies collected using the Vantage Point software for bibliometric analysis and MS Excel for graphing and tables for data presentation; Step 4 - Description and analysis of results, recovering the concepts exposed in the theoretical framework on which to base analysis and interpretation of data obtained. At the end of the tudy produced the following bibliometric indicators: the Banco de Teses da Capes the year of greatest production was 2002; the gender of the authors and supervisors who emphasize was the female; the formation of the majority of authors in the field of Physical Education and Physiotherapy; most studies are at Master's level; The University has more studies in the area is UDESC, in the program graduate of Human Movement Science; the funding agency that funds most work is the CAPES; majority of studies are descriptive; the scale is the most used is EDM (Rosa Neto, 2002), the theme more approached is Motor Development; and the studies perspectives have focused functions and structures of the body. Regarding the databases BVS, ScienceDirect and Scopus, the publications have grown over the years, especially 2010; with most records are of collective authorship; the formation of the authors is in Occupational Therapy (33%), Physiotherapy ( 19%) and Physical Education (15%); the predominant language is English; in BVS in the country that indexes articles is Brazil; ScienceDirect and Scopus is in the U.S.; Periodicals that stood out in the BVS was Journal Themes About the Developing; ScienceDirect was Human Movement Science, and the Scopus were Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (8%), American Journal of OccupationalTherapy (7%) and Physical and Occupational Therapy Pediatrics (5%); and the perspectives of studies have recovered the subject of fine motor anchored in the concepts of structure and functions of the body in three bases (56% - BVS, 69% - ScienceDirect, 71% Scopus); most studies are crosssectional nature (94%) and descriptive (81%); the topics most discussed were: fine motor skills (75%), motor development (35%) children (28%), preschool (27 %) and rating scales (21%); the data collection instruments more used in the articles were tests of fine motor skills not standardized (22%), followed by Scale Peabody (12%), test of motor proficiency of Bruininks-Oseretsky (7%) and M-ABC (7 %); identifies the subject of fine motor related especially with motor development (7%), autism (5%), prematurity (5%) and school context (5%). / A coordenação motora fina é essencial para o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e intelectual da criança. Usar a motricidade fina para manipular objetos e realizar necessidades funcionais desempenha papel vital no desenvolvimento infantil e na participação das atividades de vida diária, assim dificuldades na motricidade fina afetam o desempenho escolar, influenciando negativamente a auto-estima e o senso de competência da criança. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi descrever como se configura o campo científico da Motricidade Fina em crianças nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Além disso, teve como objetivos específicos analisar a produção científica sob parâmetros bibliométricos, mapeando a produção científica da motricidade fina dentro dos componentes relacionados à função do corpo, a participação em atividades e aos fatores ambientais. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise bibliométrica dos trabalhos recuperados nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, Banco de Teses da CAPES, BVS, ScienceDirect e Scopus. Os procedimentos metodológicos da pesquisa foram divididos nas seguintes em etapas: Etapa 1 Revisão de literatura sobre Desenvolvimento Humano, Desenvolvimento Motor Infantil, Terapia Ocupacional e Ciência da Informação; Etapa 2 Coleta de dados e sistematização dos dados; Etapa 3 - Análise bibliométrica: organização e tratamento bibliométrico dos registros coletados utilizando os softwares Vantage Point para análise bibliométrica e MS Excel para elaboração de gráficos e tabelas para apresentação dos dados; Etapa 4 - Descrição e analise dos resultados, recuperando-se os conceitos expostos no referencial teórico para fundamentar as análises e interpretações dos dados obtidos. Ao final da pesquisa produziram-se os seguintes indicadores bibliométricos: no Banco de Teses da Capes o ano de maior produção foi 2002; o gênero dos autores e orientadores que se destacou foi o feminino; a formação da maioria dos autores é na área de Educação Física e Fisioterapia; a maioria dos trabalhos são de nível de mestrado; a Universidade que mais tem trabalhos na área é a UDESC, no programa de pós-graduação de Ciência do Movimento Humano; a agência de fomento que mais financia os trabalhos é a CAPES; grande parte dos trabalhos são descritivos; a escala mais utilizada é a EDM (Rosa Neto, 2002); a temática mais abordada é sobre Desenvolvimento Motor e os trabalhos apresentam perspectivas direcionadas as funções e estruturas do corpo. Com relação as bases de dados da BVS, ScienceDirect e Scopus, as publicações cresceram ao longo dos anos, com destaque para 2010; a maioria dos registros são de autoria coletiva; a formação dos autores é em Terapia Ocupacional (33%), Fisioterapia (19%) e Educação Física (15%); o idioma predominante é o inglês; na BVS o país que mais indexa artigos é o Brasil; na ScienceDirect e Scopus é os EUA; os periódicos que mais se destacaram na BVS foi a Revista Temas Sobre desenvolvimento; na ScienceDirect foi a Human Movement Science; e na Scopus foram os periódicos Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (8%), American Journal of Occupational Therapy (7%) e o Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics (5%); as perspectivas dos estudos recuperados apresentam o tema da motricidade fina ancorado nas concepções de estrutura e funções do corpo nas três bases (56% - BVS; 69% - ScienceDirect; 71% - Scopus); a maioria dos estudos são de caráter transversal (94%), e descritivo (81%); as temáticas mais abordadas foram: coordenação motora fina (75%), desenvolvimento motor (35%), crianças (28%), pré-escolares (27%) e escalas de avaliação (21%); os instrumentos de coleta de dados mais utilizados nos artigos recuperados foram testes de habilidade motoras finas não padronizados (22%), seguido da Escala Peabody (12%), teste de Proficiência Motora de Bruininks-Oseretsky (7%) e a M-ABC (7%); identifica-se o tema da motricidade fina relacionado principalmente com o desenvolvimento motor (7%), autismo (5%), prematuridade (5%) e contexto escolar (5%).

O objetivo deste estudo, de delineamento quase-experimental, foi investigar o desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras e o engajamento de crianças pré-escolares em diferentes contextos de jogo. Fizeram parte da investigação 71 crianças (40 meninos e 31 meninas), com idades entre 5 e 6 anos, que freqüentaram as turmas de Jardim de Infância da Associação da Creche de Braga, na cidade de Braga (Portugal), no ano 2005/2006. A partir de três classes intactas, foram sorteados dois grupos experimentais e um controle. Os participantes dos grupos experimentais beneficiaram-se de dois Programas de movimento distintos: um baseado no jogo livre (chamado Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido); e o outro, na combinação de exploração, jogo livre, jogo orientado e atividades dirigidas pela investigadora (denominado Jogo com orientação). Para a análise do desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras das crianças, foi aplicado o Test of Gross Motor Development – Second Edition (TGMD-2), de Ulrich (2000), antes e após o período interventivo. Para se averiguar o seu engajamento nos Programas de movimento, recorreu-se a uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa das habilidades avaliadas no TGMD-2, que foram realizadas pelas crianças durante as sessões. Ainda, examinou-se a associação entre o engajamento das crianças nos respectivos Programas de movimento e seus ganhos em habilidades. No que se refere ao desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras e ao engajamento, recorreu-se a testes não-paramétricos - Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney e/ou Kruskal-Wallis - para realizar comparações quanto aos grupos, aos gêneros e a crianças de diferentes níveis iniciais de habilidade; a associação entre o engajamento das crianças nos Programas de movimento e seus ganhos em habilidades foi verificada utilizando-se o Coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Os resultados evidenciaram que: a) a participação das crianças no Programa Jogo com orientação promoveu ganhos em seu desempenho motor, ao passo que mudanças não foram observadas nas que constituíram o grupo Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido, nem nas do Grupo Controle; b) quando da análise do desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras, de acordo com o gênero, constatou-se que, enquanto mudanças positivas foram verificadas tanto nos meninos como nas meninas do grupo Jogo com orientação, crianças de ambos os gêneros dos grupos Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido e Controle mantiveram seus níveis de desempenho entre os dois momentos de avaliação; c) de forma geral, as crianças menos habilidosas do grupo Jogo com orientação foram as que mais se beneficiaram do Programa, apresentando mudanças positivas no seu desempenho moto; já as mais habilidosas desse grupo, assim como as de diferentes níveis iniciais de habilidade dos grupos Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido e Controle, não apresentaram ganhos em seu desempenho; d) as crianças participantes do grupo Jogo com orientação apresentaram engajamento superior às do grupo Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido, durante as intervenções; e) gênero e nível inicial de habilidade não se configuraram variáveis decisivas para o engajamento das crianças em ambos os Programas de movimento; f) de forma geral, as crianças que demonstraram maior qualidade em sua prática ao longo dos Programas de movimentos foram as que mais progressos fizeram em suas habilidades / The purpose of this study, with a quasi-experimental design, was to investigate the motor skill development and the engagement of preschool children in different play environments. The participants were seventy-one children (40 boys and 31 girls), aged 5-6 yr, who attended the Kindergarten classes at the Associação da Creche de Braga, in the city of Braga (Portugal), during the year 2005/2006. From three intact classes, two experimental groups and a control group were chosen by lot. Participants in the experimental groups benefited from two distinct movement programs: one based on free play (called Free Play in Enriched Environment); and the other in the combination of exploration, free play, oriented play, and activities conducted by the researcher (referred to as Play with Orientation). For the analysis of motor skill development of children, the Test of Gross Motor Development – Second Edition (TGMD-2), by Ulrich (2000), was administered before and after the intervention period. For examining their engagement in the movement programs, a qualitative and quantitative analysis was done of the skills assessed in TGMD-2, which were performed by children during the sessions. Moreover, the association between children’s engagement in the respective movement programs and their gains in skills was examined. Concerning motor skill development and engagement, nonparametric tests – Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and/or Kruskal-Wallis – were administered to do comparisons relative to groups, genders, and children of different initial skill levels; the association between children’s engagement in the movement programs and their gains in skills was verified using the Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Results evidenced that: a) the children participation in the Play with Orientation program brought gains in their motor development, whereas no changes were observed in those in the Free Play in Enriched Environment group, nor in those in Control Group; b) with the analysis of motor skill development, according to gender, it was verified that, while positive changes were observed both in boys and girls in the Play with Orientation group, children of both genders in the Free Play in Enriched Environment and Control groups maintained their development levels between the two moments of assessment; c) in general, the low-skilled children in x the Play with Orientation group were the most benefited from the program, presenting positive changes in their motor development. in contrast, neither the highskilled children in the same group nor those of different initial skill levels in the Free Play in Enriched Environment and Control groups presented gains in their development; d) during the interventions, children in the Play with Orientation group showed to be more engaged than those in the Free Play in Enriched Environment group; e) gender and initial skill level have not shown to be decisive variables for children’s engagement in both movement programs; f) in general, the children who demonstrated a higher quality in their practice during the movement programs were those who achieved more progresses in their skills.

O objetivo deste estudo, de delineamento quase-experimental, foi investigar o desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras e o engajamento de crianças pré-escolares em diferentes contextos de jogo. Fizeram parte da investigação 71 crianças (40 meninos e 31 meninas), com idades entre 5 e 6 anos, que freqüentaram as turmas de Jardim de Infância da Associação da Creche de Braga, na cidade de Braga (Portugal), no ano 2005/2006. A partir de três classes intactas, foram sorteados dois grupos experimentais e um controle. Os participantes dos grupos experimentais beneficiaram-se de dois Programas de movimento distintos: um baseado no jogo livre (chamado Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido); e o outro, na combinação de exploração, jogo livre, jogo orientado e atividades dirigidas pela investigadora (denominado Jogo com orientação). Para a análise do desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras das crianças, foi aplicado o Test of Gross Motor Development – Second Edition (TGMD-2), de Ulrich (2000), antes e após o período interventivo. Para se averiguar o seu engajamento nos Programas de movimento, recorreu-se a uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa das habilidades avaliadas no TGMD-2, que foram realizadas pelas crianças durante as sessões. Ainda, examinou-se a associação entre o engajamento das crianças nos respectivos Programas de movimento e seus ganhos em habilidades. No que se refere ao desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras e ao engajamento, recorreu-se a testes não-paramétricos - Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney e/ou Kruskal-Wallis - para realizar comparações quanto aos grupos, aos gêneros e a crianças de diferentes níveis iniciais de habilidade; a associação entre o engajamento das crianças nos Programas de movimento e seus ganhos em habilidades foi verificada utilizando-se o Coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Os resultados evidenciaram que: a) a participação das crianças no Programa Jogo com orientação promoveu ganhos em seu desempenho motor, ao passo que mudanças não foram observadas nas que constituíram o grupo Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido, nem nas do Grupo Controle; b) quando da análise do desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras, de acordo com o gênero, constatou-se que, enquanto mudanças positivas foram verificadas tanto nos meninos como nas meninas do grupo Jogo com orientação, crianças de ambos os gêneros dos grupos Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido e Controle mantiveram seus níveis de desempenho entre os dois momentos de avaliação; c) de forma geral, as crianças menos habilidosas do grupo Jogo com orientação foram as que mais se beneficiaram do Programa, apresentando mudanças positivas no seu desempenho moto; já as mais habilidosas desse grupo, assim como as de diferentes níveis iniciais de habilidade dos grupos Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido e Controle, não apresentaram ganhos em seu desempenho; d) as crianças participantes do grupo Jogo com orientação apresentaram engajamento superior às do grupo Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido, durante as intervenções; e) gênero e nível inicial de habilidade não se configuraram variáveis decisivas para o engajamento das crianças em ambos os Programas de movimento; f) de forma geral, as crianças que demonstraram maior qualidade em sua prática ao longo dos Programas de movimentos foram as que mais progressos fizeram em suas habilidades / The purpose of this study, with a quasi-experimental design, was to investigate the motor skill development and the engagement of preschool children in different play environments. The participants were seventy-one children (40 boys and 31 girls), aged 5-6 yr, who attended the Kindergarten classes at the Associação da Creche de Braga, in the city of Braga (Portugal), during the year 2005/2006. From three intact classes, two experimental groups and a control group were chosen by lot. Participants in the experimental groups benefited from two distinct movement programs: one based on free play (called Free Play in Enriched Environment); and the other in the combination of exploration, free play, oriented play, and activities conducted by the researcher (referred to as Play with Orientation). For the analysis of motor skill development of children, the Test of Gross Motor Development – Second Edition (TGMD-2), by Ulrich (2000), was administered before and after the intervention period. For examining their engagement in the movement programs, a qualitative and quantitative analysis was done of the skills assessed in TGMD-2, which were performed by children during the sessions. Moreover, the association between children’s engagement in the respective movement programs and their gains in skills was examined. Concerning motor skill development and engagement, nonparametric tests – Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and/or Kruskal-Wallis – were administered to do comparisons relative to groups, genders, and children of different initial skill levels; the association between children’s engagement in the movement programs and their gains in skills was verified using the Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Results evidenced that: a) the children participation in the Play with Orientation program brought gains in their motor development, whereas no changes were observed in those in the Free Play in Enriched Environment group, nor in those in Control Group; b) with the analysis of motor skill development, according to gender, it was verified that, while positive changes were observed both in boys and girls in the Play with Orientation group, children of both genders in the Free Play in Enriched Environment and Control groups maintained their development levels between the two moments of assessment; c) in general, the low-skilled children in x the Play with Orientation group were the most benefited from the program, presenting positive changes in their motor development. in contrast, neither the highskilled children in the same group nor those of different initial skill levels in the Free Play in Enriched Environment and Control groups presented gains in their development; d) during the interventions, children in the Play with Orientation group showed to be more engaged than those in the Free Play in Enriched Environment group; e) gender and initial skill level have not shown to be decisive variables for children’s engagement in both movement programs; f) in general, the children who demonstrated a higher quality in their practice during the movement programs were those who achieved more progresses in their skills.

Bibliographic Identification Name and surname of the author: Mgr. Jakub Holický Name of dissertation: The Psychomotor Development Children from Prague Schools and Orphanages Workplace: Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Didactics of Physical Education and Sports Supervisor of the work: prof. PhDr. Antonín Rychtecký, DrSc. Year of presentation: 2015 Abstract The results of the international studies showed significantly lower level in psychomotor development of children from orphanages in comparison to their peers from majority society. There is currently no study in Czech Republic. Therefore it is important to analyze children in Czech Republic in this field. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the level of psychomotor development and anthropometric indicators of children in orphanages in Prague with their peers from majority society. Methods: This dissertation is a type of quantitative research. The dissertation has the character of empirical and theoretical work. This research used method of observation. The psychomotor development of children was tested with the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2), which contains 52 items, divided into 12 dimensions. The sample size consists of 449 probands, 224 boys and 225 girls from the Prague region. In orphanages were...