Esta dissertação de mestrado se refere ao estudo investigativo dos fatores de risco e a influência destes na ocorrência de acidentes envolvendo motocicletas, segundo a percepção dos condutores profissionais. A área de estudo foi a cidade de Porto Alegre, cujo cenário buscou-se mapear através do levantamento do perfil da categoria profissional de motociclistas e da análise dos anuários estáticos de acidentes envolvendo motocicletas, ocorridos entre os anos de 2000 e 2008. A pesquisa foi estabelecida em duas etapas. A primeira refere-se à pesquisa qualitativa, realizada através de aplicação da técnica de Grupo Focado, para determinação dos fatores de risco. Ao passo que, na segunda fase, foram realizados 123 questionários com condutores profissionais de motocicleta, para levantamento do perfil e percepção destes quanto à influência de cada fator no risco de acidentes. O estudo mostrou que para alguns dos fatores identificados como, pressão por pontualidade da entrega e longa jornada de trabalho, os entrevistados foram tendenciosos ao afirmar que estes possuíam pouca ou nenhuma influência no risco de acidentes, resultado contrário ao apontado por outros estudos encontrados na literatura. Para os demais fatores, os condutores profissionais demonstraram conhecer bem o ambiente viário urbano, de forma a terem boa percepção sobre os riscos de sua atividade. A pesquisa identificou a desatenção por parte dos motoristas de outros veículos, a presença de chuva e a má qualidade da infra-estrutura viária como os fatores de maior influência no risco de acidente. Sendo as situações de trânsito de maior perigo as de tráfego em interseções e nas vias congestionadas. A análise das bases estatísticas identificou a necessidade de coletar informações sobre os motociclistas acidentados, de forma a explicitar o objetivo de viagem quando da ocorrência do sinistro, permitindo assim, identificar o percentual de condutores profissionais entre os motociclistas acidentados. / This master's dissertation refers to the study of risk factors, and its influence, on the occurrence of accidents involving motorcycles, according to the professional drivers’ perception. The study area was the city of Porto Alegre, whose scenery was mapped by surveying the profile of the professional category of motorcyclists, and by analysis of statistical directories of accidents involving motorcycles, occurred between the years 2000 and 2008. The research was established in two stages. The first one refers to the qualitative research, conducted by applying the technique of Focus Group for determining the risk factors. While in the second phase, 123 questionnaires were conducted with professional motorcyclists, to identify their profile and perception of how each factor influences the risk of accidents. The study has shown that for some of the risk factors indentified, such as pressure for punctuality and long hours of work, the respondents were biased in saying that they had little or no influence on the risk of accidents, contrary to the result reported by other studies found in the literature. For the other factors, professional drivers have demonstrated to know the urban road atmosphere well, in order to have good perception on the risks of their activity. The research has identified inattention by drivers of other vehicles, presence of rain and poor quality of road infrastructure as the factors of greatest influence on the risk of accidents. Traveling in crossing intersections and congested roads has been found as the most dangerous traffic situations. The statistical databases analysis has identified the need to collect information about the motorcycle accident victims in order to clarify the purpose of travel at the time of the accident, thus allowing, identifying the percentage of professional drivers among motorcyclists injured.

Cette recherche porte sur la conscience du risque chez différentes populations de motocyclistes. Il s’agit plus spécifiquement d’appréhender cette notion de « Conscience du Risque » selon deux points de vue complémentaires : celui de la Psychologie Sociale, qui traite des attitudes face aux risques et à la prise de risque, et celui de la Psychologie Cognitive, qui traite des compétences et des capacités du sujet à apprécier le risque « en situation ». La méthodologie mise en place propose un continuum entre ces deux dimensions.Un premier protocole (ARTIQ) porte sur les attitudes et vise à identifier des profils de motocyclistes sous l’angle particulier du risque et de la prise de risque. Le second protocole (CRITIC) repose sur les compétences cognitives des participants dans leurs évaluations du risque de 25 situations de conduite. Ce dispositif expérimental a été utilisé auprès de cinq populations de motocyclistes différentes (Bikers, Utilitaristes, Sportifs, Novices et Débutants), en fonction de leur expérience de conduite et de leurs pratiques respectives de la moto. Les résultats montrent certaines spécificités propres à chaque population, tant que pour ce qui est de leurs attitudes face aux risques que pour leur compétence dans l’évaluation du risque en situation. Ils permettent ainsi de valider l’efficacité et l’intérêt de notre protocole dans une perspective de classification des motocyclistes, selon leurs profils vis-à-vis du risque et de la prise de risque au guidon. / This is a research on risk awareness in different populations of motorcyclists.More specifically, this notion of “Risk Awareness” is to be observed under two complementary perspectives: social psychology dealing with attitudes toward risk and risk taking, and Cognitive Psychology dealing with the subject’s skills and abilities to evaluate risk “in situation”. The methodology that has been developed offers a continuum between these two dimensions.The first protocol (ARTIQ) deals with the attitudes and aims at identifying profiles of motorcyclists under the specific angle of risk and risk taking.The second protocol (CRITIC) is based on the participants’ cognitive skills to evaluate risk in 25 driving situations. This experimental protocol has been used among five different populations of motorcyclists (Bikers, Commuters, Sport Motorcyclists, Novices, Inexperienced Motorcyclists) according to their own driving experience and respective riding practices.The results reveal some characteristics peculiar to each population regarding their attitude toward risks as well as their skill to evaluate risk in situation. These characteristics confirm the effectiveness and the interest of our protocol to classify motorcyclists according to their profiles toward risk and risk taking while riding.

The purpose of the present study involved the investigation of the significance of wind noise as a contributing factor toward temporary threshold shifts among a select sample of motorcycle riders. Five ' normal-hearing, helmeted, female subjects were administered pure-tone air-conduction hearing tests immediately before and within 2 minutes after exposure to three noise-related aspects of motorcycle riding. The amount of ,hearing loss present at 3k, 4k and 6k Hz after each 20 minute exposure condition was recorded as the TTS for that subject. The three conditions consisted of motorcycle noise only, wind noise only and motorcycle and wind noise combined. A statistical analysis of the data revealed that motorcycle noise alone produced significantly less TTS than the wind only or the wind and motorcycle noise. These findings support the hypothesis that wind noise is a significant factor in the production of TTS and possible noise-induced hearing loss among motorcycle riders.

CAPES / Cada sujeito delimita o ambiente e sobre ele atua a partir de suas representações, informações, experiências e vivências cotidianas em seu tempo e espaço. As percepções de risco dos sujeitos além de estarem ligadas a questões de ambiente, cultura e o senso comum dos sujeitos, estão ligadas aos sistemas peritos nos quais confiamos. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação apresenta resultados de uma investigação cuja finalidade foi analisar as relações entre as representações sociais sobre risco de acidente no trânsito e comportamento no trânsito de um grupo de motofretistas e mototaxistas de Pato Branco, Paraná, em relação à prática de condução, manutenção do veículo e experiência profissional, bem como suas representações sociais sobre risco de acidente nesse ambiente. Participaram da pesquisa 25 profissionais portadores de Carteira Nacional de Habilitação para conduzir motocicleta. Os dados foram coletados através de um teste de evocação de palavras, cujo termo indutor foi Risco no Trânsito e por um questionário estruturado que visava identificar que elementos presentes no trânsito são considerados de risco pelos participantes e identificar o perfil dos mesmos no tocante à experiência profissional, à prática de pilotagem e à manutenção do veículo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os elementos acidente, imprudência, alta velocidade e desrespeito, são os elementos mais salientes das representações socais sobre risco de acidente no trânsito, evocados mediante o termo indutor utilizado. A investigação priorizou a elucidação de elementos que se escondem por trás de pressões normativas, isto é, a zona muda das representações sociais. Os resultados apontam que a rotina de convivência com os riscos está gerando a negação do risco, o que parece estar levando os participantes deste estudo a desenvolver estratégias cognitivas de minimização do risco e de imunidade à ameaça. / Each subject delimits the environment and acts on it from their representations, information, experiences and everyday experiences in their time and space. The subjects' perceptions of risk, besides being linked to issues of environment, culture and the common sense of the subjects, are linked to the expert systems in which we trust. In this sense, the present dissertation presents results of an investigation whose purpose was to analyze the relations between the social representations about traffic accident risk and traffic behavior of a group of motorcycle drivers of Pato Branco, Paraná, in relation to driving practice, vehicle maintenance and professional experience, as well as their social representations about accident risk in that environment. Twenty-five professionals participated in the survey carrying a National Driver's License to drive a motorcycle. The data were collected through a word evocation test, whose inductive term was Risk in Traffic and a structured questionnaire that aimed to identify which elements present in the traffic are considered risk by the participants and to identify the profile of them in relation to professional experience, the practice of pilotage and the maintenance of the vehicle. The results showed that the elements accident, recklessness, high speed and disrespect are the most salient elements of the social representations about risk of traffic accidents, evoked by the term inductor used. The investigation prioritized the elucidation of elements that hide behind normative pressures, that is, the zone changes of the social representations. The results point out that the risk coexistence routine is generating the risk denial, which seems to be leading the participants of this study to develop cognitive strategies of risk minimization and immunity to the threat.

CAPES / Cada sujeito delimita o ambiente e sobre ele atua a partir de suas representações, informações, experiências e vivências cotidianas em seu tempo e espaço. As percepções de risco dos sujeitos além de estarem ligadas a questões de ambiente, cultura e o senso comum dos sujeitos, estão ligadas aos sistemas peritos nos quais confiamos. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação apresenta resultados de uma investigação cuja finalidade foi analisar as relações entre as representações sociais sobre risco de acidente no trânsito e comportamento no trânsito de um grupo de motofretistas e mototaxistas de Pato Branco, Paraná, em relação à prática de condução, manutenção do veículo e experiência profissional, bem como suas representações sociais sobre risco de acidente nesse ambiente. Participaram da pesquisa 25 profissionais portadores de Carteira Nacional de Habilitação para conduzir motocicleta. Os dados foram coletados através de um teste de evocação de palavras, cujo termo indutor foi Risco no Trânsito e por um questionário estruturado que visava identificar que elementos presentes no trânsito são considerados de risco pelos participantes e identificar o perfil dos mesmos no tocante à experiência profissional, à prática de pilotagem e à manutenção do veículo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os elementos acidente, imprudência, alta velocidade e desrespeito, são os elementos mais salientes das representações socais sobre risco de acidente no trânsito, evocados mediante o termo indutor utilizado. A investigação priorizou a elucidação de elementos que se escondem por trás de pressões normativas, isto é, a zona muda das representações sociais. Os resultados apontam que a rotina de convivência com os riscos está gerando a negação do risco, o que parece estar levando os participantes deste estudo a desenvolver estratégias cognitivas de minimização do risco e de imunidade à ameaça. / Each subject delimits the environment and acts on it from their representations, information, experiences and everyday experiences in their time and space. The subjects' perceptions of risk, besides being linked to issues of environment, culture and the common sense of the subjects, are linked to the expert systems in which we trust. In this sense, the present dissertation presents results of an investigation whose purpose was to analyze the relations between the social representations about traffic accident risk and traffic behavior of a group of motorcycle drivers of Pato Branco, Paraná, in relation to driving practice, vehicle maintenance and professional experience, as well as their social representations about accident risk in that environment. Twenty-five professionals participated in the survey carrying a National Driver's License to drive a motorcycle. The data were collected through a word evocation test, whose inductive term was Risk in Traffic and a structured questionnaire that aimed to identify which elements present in the traffic are considered risk by the participants and to identify the profile of them in relation to professional experience, the practice of pilotage and the maintenance of the vehicle. The results showed that the elements accident, recklessness, high speed and disrespect are the most salient elements of the social representations about risk of traffic accidents, evoked by the term inductor used. The investigation prioritized the elucidation of elements that hide behind normative pressures, that is, the zone changes of the social representations. The results point out that the risk coexistence routine is generating the risk denial, which seems to be leading the participants of this study to develop cognitive strategies of risk minimization and immunity to the threat.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-10-19T12:06:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Bruno Agra Ferreira.pdf: 2865604 bytes, checksum: 283abb3148babe3fe7541c3537cde30a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-10-19T17:11:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Bruno Agra Ferreira.pdf: 2865604 bytes, checksum: 283abb3148babe3fe7541c3537cde30a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T17:11:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Bruno Agra Ferreira.pdf: 2865604 bytes, checksum: 283abb3148babe3fe7541c3537cde30a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / The motorcycle is the most vulnerable means of transport of occurrence of traffic accidents, , and passed from desire object in twentieth century, to be subject to risks nowadays, impacting on people's quality of life and is considered a health public problem that poses a risk of life, causing diseases and may even cause death. Therefore, if nothing is done to mitigate the high levels achieved it will becomes to one of the leading causes of death from external causes in Brazil and in the world. The objective of this thesis was to analyze the traffic accident database with motorcycles occurred in Campina Grande city - PB, in 2014, making use of Geographic Information Systems associated with Spatial Statistics tools, based on the verification and identification of specific trends of this type of traffic accidents to check the occurrence of critical areas. For this we used qualitative, quantitative procedure and a rigorous analysis of the database provided by the Public Transport and Traffic System - STTP to later perform the application of the Kernel estimator in Statistical Software R. Thereby we can conclude that using Kernel estimator heat map, incorporated into the statistical software R version 3.2.2, provided good results. Helping to preview of the variation and intensity, which the database behaved over the 2014 period. / A motocicleta é o meio de transporte mais vulnerável a ocorrência de acidentes de trânsitos, e passou de um objeto de desejo do século XX, para ser objeto de riscos nos dias atuais, impactando na qualidade de vida da população, sendo considerado um problema de saúde pública que representa um risco à vida, produzindo doença, podendo até provocar a morte. Portanto, se nada for feito para amenizar os altos índices alcançados na atualidade, irá se tornar uma das principais causas de mortes por causas externas do Brasil e do mundo. O objetivo da presente dissertação foi realizar uma análise nos dados de acidentes de trânsito com motocicletas ocorridos no município de Campina Grande – PB, no ano de 2014, fazendo- se uso de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas associados a ferramentas de Estatística Espacial e partindo da verificação e identificação de tendências pontuais deste tipo de acidentes de trânsito, até a verificação da ocorrência de áreas críticas. Para isto utilizou-se de procedimento qualitativos, quantitativos e de uma análise minuciosa ao banco de dados fornecidos pela Superintendência de Trânsito e Transportes Públicos (STTP), para posteriormente realizar a aplicação do estimador de Kernel no Software Estatístico R. Com isto podemos concluir que a utilização do mapa de calor do estimador de Kernel, incorporados ao software Estatístico R versão 3.2.2, forneceram bons resultados. Está Ferramenta permitirá uma visualização quanto a variação e intensidade ao longo do período do ano de 2014.

Abstract The main theme of this thesis is to discuss the specific conditions of motorcycles participation in traffic. Primarily the author of the processing of statistical data relating to road traffic accidents found the most frequent causes leading to the accident of motorcycles, set out a list of typical hazardous situations and provide an opportunity to prevent them, respectively propose the concrete steps for their reduction, while visual processing is done using by the Virtual CRASH software. Secondarily, it is then processed an overview by modern elements of active and passive safety of motorcycles and their effect on the reduction of traffic accidents, or reduce health risks as the consequences of road traffic accidents. Statistical data are then confronted with the subjective perception of participation in traffic, concretely with motorcycle riders. Their opinions are interpreted by the most frequent responses from the questionnaires, the results are included in the last part of this thesis. The objective of this work is in the comparison of both perspectives - statistical data and the opinions of motorcyclists - about the traffic situation in the Czech Republic. The result of this work is the more realistic view on the issue.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-05-03T16:54:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vania Aparecida da Silva Figueiredo do Couto.pdf: 1308005 bytes, checksum: af7ac9cb95837a3e71bc27d5a020aef8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T16:54:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vania Aparecida da Silva Figueiredo do Couto.pdf: 1308005 bytes, checksum: af7ac9cb95837a3e71bc27d5a020aef8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 / This thesis was elaborated from three articles, with articles I and II, "Perception of risk under theoretical analysis" and "Perception of risk of young people involved in traffic accidents: a conceptual and statistical analysis", respectively, structured on the basis of secondary data, in which only theoretical aspects are discussed, while Article III "The relationship between personality and risk perception of motorcyclists in traffic" presented a descriptive study with primary data, in which primary results were presented as information base the university students of the City of Sinop-MT. This study had as general objective to know the main factors that constitute the risk perception of university students of Sinop-MT, in motorcycle traffic accidents in order to contribute to the development of accident prevention programs. To achieve the objective outlined in the thesis and in each of the articles (Article I - To know how the national and international literature describes the aspects that involve the perception of risk in traffic; Article II - To present the statistics at national, state and the study of the relationship between social - demographic variables and behavioral aspects, personality dimensions and the perception of risk of university motorcyclists), were compared with the obtained from the development of theoretical research and a research with empirical method, with quantitative analyzes. The results and discussions of the studies carried out allowed us to conclude that the risk perception of Sinop-MT students regarding traffic accidents with motorcycles has personality traits as one of the main factors, as well as the use of drugs and alcohol, along with the direction, besides the lack of knowledge about what is defensive driving and disrespect to traffic signaling / legislation, are factors that generate the high number of traffic accidents with motorcycles, so it is important to carry out studies and lectures awareness in motorcycle accident prevention programs. / Essa tese foi elaborada a partir de três artigos, com os artigos I e II, “A percepção de risco sob enfoque de análise teórica” e “Percepção de risco dos jovens envolvidos em acidentes de trânsito: uma análise conceitual e estatística”, respectivamente, est ruturados com base em dados secundários, em que são discutidos aspectos unicamente teóricos, enquanto o artigo III “A relação entre personalidade e percepção de risco de motociclistas no trânsito”, trouxe um estudo descritivo com dados primários, em que foram apresentados resultados primários, tendo como base informacional os universitários da Cidade de Sinop-MT. Assim, esse estudo teve como objetivo geral conhecer os principais fatores que constituem a percepção de risco de universitários de Sinop-MT, quanto aos acidentes de trânsito com motocicleta de forma a contribuir para a elaboração de programas de prevenção de acidentes. Para o alcance do objetivo traçado na tese e os objetivos em cada um dos artigos (Artigo I – Conhecer como a literatura nacional e internacional descrevem os aspectos que envolvem a percepção de risco no trânsito; Artigo II – Apresentar as estatísticas em nível nacional, de estado e município de Sinop-MT comparando os acidentes por categoria, faixa etária, sexo e escolaridade dos condutores; Artigo III – Analisar a relação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e os aspectos comportamentais, as dimensões de personalidade e a percepção de risco de motociclistas universitários ), foram alcançados a partir do desenvolvimento de pesquisa teórica e uma pesquisa com método empírico, com análises quantitativas. Os resultados e discussões dos estudos realizados permitiram a conclusão de que a percepção de risco dos universitários de Sinop- MT no que se referem aos acidentes de trânsito com motocicleta tem os traços de personalidades como um dos principais fatores, bem como, o uso de medicamentos e álcool junto à direção, além do não conhecimento sobre o que é direção defensiva e desrespeito à sinalização/legislação de trânsito, são fatores que geram o elevado número de acidentes de trânsito com motocicletas, por isso é importante a execução de estudos e palestras de conscientização dos motociclistas, nos programas de prevenção de acidentes.

Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-58).

En France, en 2015 les motocyclistes représentent 43% des blessés graves victimes d'accidents de la circulation routière. Au même moment, même si les accidents de chocs de motocyclistes contre les dispositifs de retenue routiers ne représentent en moyenne que 10% des accidents de la circulation routière, les motocyclistes présentent un risque de décès 30 à 80 fois supérieur au risque de décès des usagers de véhicules impliqués dans le même type d'accidents.Pour renforcer la sécurité des motocyclistes, les dispositifs de retenue pour automobiles (dispositifs traditionnels) sont équipés à leur partie inférieure d'écran de protection motards. Les écrans motards ont pour but d'amortir de manière progressive les chocs des motocyclistes en les empêchant dans le même temps de passer à travers la partie inférieure des dispositifs de retenue pour automobiles, de percuter un poteau et d'être sévèrement blessés. Les écrans motards doivent subir des essais de chocs normatifs et répondre à certaines exigences afin de pouvoir être installés sur le bord des routes européennes et de garantir surtout la sécurité des motards. Cependant, il n'existe que des procédures normatives pour tester ces dispositifs, la procédure LIER dans le contexte Français et la procédure normative EN 1317-8 dans le contexte Européen. Afin d'évaluer ces deux procédures normatives et de proposer de nouvelles dispositions pouvant servir de procédure normative plus avancée sur le protocole d'essais d'évaluation de performances d'écrans motards, des simulations numériques ont été réalisées. Un modèle numérique complet de dispositif de retenue routier équipé d'écran motard en acier a été développé et corrélé sur un essai de choc réel sur un dispositif de même type. Une fois corrélé,le modèle a été utilisé afin d'évaluer l'influence des conditions d'essais et des caractéristiques mécaniques matériaux de l'écran sur les performances de l'écran motard. Enfin, une nouvelle démarche d'évaluation de performances d'écran de protection motard a été mise en place / In France, in 2015,motorcyclists represent 43% of seriously injured accident victims in road traffic. At the same time, even though motorcyclists impact crashes against the road restraint systems represent on average 10% of accidents in road traffic, motorcyclists present a risk of death from30 to 80 times upper than the risk of death for users of vehicles involved in the same type of accidents. To enhance the safety of motorcyclists, Vehicle Restraints Systems (VRS) arefitted to the lower part of restraint systems for motorcyclists. Motorcyclist’s Restraint Systems (MRS) are designed to absorb shocks gradually and to preventmotorcyclists to pass through the lower part of VRS, to hit a post and be severely injured. Before being installed on the roadsides, MRS have to be crash-tested according to standards in order to evaluate their safety and ensure motorcyclists safety. However, there are only normative procedures to testMRS, the LIER procedurein the French context and the procedure EN1317-8 in the European context. To assess both normative procedures and propose new provisions which can be used as normative procedure more advanced on the protocol of MRS performances evaluation tests, numerical simulations were performed. A numerical model of MRS was developed and correlated on one real impact test on other device of same type. Once correlated, the model was used to conduct a parametric study on the test conditions and thematerialsmechanical properties of the MRS. Finally, a new demarche of MRS performances evaluation was developed