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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Water dynamics in the rhizosphere / How mucilage affects water flow in soils

Kröner, Eva 10 February 2016 (has links)
Die Wurzelwasseraufnahme aus dem Boden wird durch die Rhizosphäre beeinflusst. Die Rhizosphäre ist eine dünne Bodenschicht, die sich um Wurzeln herum bildet. Die Rhizosphäre wird durch Mucilage beeinflusst. Mucilage ist ein polymeres Gel, was von Wurzeln abgesondert wird und vor allem die hydraulischen Eigenschaften der Rhizosphäre verändert. Wenn es im Kontakt mit Wasser ist, kann Mucilage große Mengen an Wasser aufnehmen, aber wenn es trocken ist, wird seine Oberfläche hydrophob. Hier konzentrieren wir uns auf den Effekt von Mucilage auf die hydraulischen Eigenschaften des Bodens. Zunächst präsentieren wir experimentelle und numerische Studien, die die hydraulischen Prozesse in der Rhizosphäre nach der Bewässerung von trockenem Boden beschreiben. Bei Mucilagekonzentrationen, die niedriger als ein gewisser Schwellwert waren, konnte Wasser durch die Rhizosphärenschicht fließen, über dieser Konzentration wurde die Schicht wasserundurchlässig während der ersten Minuten bis zu Stunden nach Bewässerung. Wir präsentieren eine analytische Abschätzung der Mucilagekonzentration an der Perkolationsschwelle als Funktion von mittlerer Teilchengröße und Bodenwasserpotential nach Bewässerung. Die Abschätzung wurde an Hand von Experimenten des kapillaren Aufstiegs in Bodensäulen validiert. Wir entwickelten ein effektives Model um zu beschreiben, wir Mucilage die hydraulischen Funktionen des Bodens verändert: (a) Quell- und Trocknungsprozesse von Mucilage resultieren in Nicht-Gleichgewichtsdynamiken zwischen Wassergehalt und Wasserpotential, (b) die Präsenz von Mucilage im Boden reduziert das Wasserpotential bei einem gegebenen Wassergehalt und (c) Mucilage ist viskos und reduziert dadurch die hydraulische Leitfähigkeit des Bodens bei einem gegebenen Wassergehalt. In Experimenten mit Boden-Mucilage-Mischungen testeten wir das Model und wandten es an, um Beobachtungen von früheren Experimenten mit echten Pflanzen zu simulieren, die veränderte hydraulische Dynamiken in der Rhizophäre zeigen. Im Anhang dieser Arbeit sind zwei Studien zur Wärmeausbreitung von Erdkabeln. Hier können hydraulische Dynamiken autreten, die dem radialen Wasserfluss zu einer einzelnen Wurzel ähneln.
42

Extração, caracterização e aplicação do biopolímero da planta Pereskia aculeata miller como auxiliar coagulante/floculante no processo de tratamento de água / Extraction, characterization and application of the plant biopolymer (Pereskia aculeata miller) as a coagulant/flocculating aid in the water treatment process

Lucca, Alexsandro 25 April 2017 (has links)
CNPq / No meio da ampla biodiversidade da flora brasileira, a ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) desperta especial interesse, pela alta quantidade de mucilagem em suas folhas. Plantas mucilaginosas são estudadas há algum tempo no processo de floculação/coagulação em tratamentos de água, com a intenção de, reduzir ou até mesmo suceder a utilização do sulfato de alumínio. A mucilagem é um biopolímero com grande capacidade de formar gel, soluções viscosas e estabilizar sistemas de emulsão. O presente trabalho teve como finalidade, avaliar o rendimento da mucilagem em processos de extração, caracterizar a mucilagem não clarificada, e clarificada e aplicar o biopolímero clarificado da P. aculeata, no processo de coagulação/floculação. Para tal as folhas foram secas em estufa até peso constante, foi feita a extração da mucilagem em solução aquosa por duas metodologias diferentes avaliando assim o rendimento, caracterização da morfologia por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e difratometria de raio X (DRX), composição estrutural por infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), determinação do pH potencial de carga zero e do comportamento térmico por análise termogravimétrica (TG/DSC). Para a avaliação de coagulação e floculação, o biopolímero foi avaliado em água do Rio Pato Branco por ensaios em Jar Test avaliando a eficiência da remoção de turbidez, remoção de substâncias húmicas, e aromáticas. A extração da mucilagem foi avaliada no rendimento da produção, em que a extração a 95 ºC (30 min) apresentou rendimento três vezes maior que a extração a 60 ºC (6 horas). A caracterização morfológica exibiu uma estrutura amorfa, esponjosa e com adesão de partículas menores à superfície das partículas maiores, indicando um material higroscópico que pode ser usado como coagulante, sendo semelhante a outras mucilagens pesquisadas, em aspectos de grupos funcionais e de comportamento térmico. A P. aculeata se confirmou como auxiliar no processo de coagulação/floculação em relação aos parâmetros e faixas estudadas, sendo mais eficaz em conjunto com o sulfato de alumínio. Como é uma planta de fácil cultivo, atóxica e com custo relativamente baixo para a extração do seu biopolímero é uma alternativa promissora no tratamento de água e efluentes diminuindo a utilização do sulfato de alumínio no processo de floculação/coagulação. / In the midst of the wide biodiversity of Brazilian flora, the ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) arouses special interest because of the high amount of mucilage in its leaves. Mucilage plants have been studied for some time in the flocculation / coagulation process in water treatments, with the intention of reducing or even succeeding the use of aluminum sulphate. Mucilage is a biopolymer with great gelforming, viscous solutions and stabilizing emulsion systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the yield of the mucilage in extraction processes, to characterize the clarified and clarified mucilage and to apply the clarified biopolymer of P. aculeata in the coagulation / flocculation process. For this, the leaves were oven dried to constant weight, the mucilage was extracted in aqueous solution by two different methodologies, evaluating the yield, characterization of the morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) (FT-IR), determination of potential zero charge pH and thermal behavior by thermogravimetric analysis (TG / DSC). For the evaluation of coagulation and flocculation, the biopolymer was evaluated in water of the Pato Branco River by tests in Jar Test evaluating the efficiency of the removal of turbidity, removal of humic and aromatic substances. The extraction of the mucilage was evaluated in the yield of the production, in which the extraction at 95 ºC (30 min) yielded a three times higher yield than the extraction at 60 ºC (6 hours). The morphological characterization showed an amorphous structure, spongy and with adhesion of smaller particles to the surface of larger particles, indicating a hygroscopic material that can be used as a coagulant, being similar to other mucilages studied, in aspects of functional groups and thermal behavior. P. aculeata was confirmed as an aid in the coagulation / flocculation process in relation to the parameters and ranges studied, being more effective in conjunction with aluminum sulphate. As it is an easy-to-grow, non-toxic plant with relatively low cost for the extraction of its biopolymer, it is a promising alternative in the treatment of water and effluents by reducing the use of aluminum sulphate in the flocculation / coagulation process.
43

Mucilagem de chia e sua utilização no processamento de biscoito salgado isento de glúten / Mucilage from chia seeds and its applications in gluten free salty biscuit

Lopes, Aline Chitto 10 July 2017 (has links)
A mucilagem de chia é um hidrocolóide e têm sido visto como um ingrediente com potencial para utilização no segmento de alimentos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo extrair e caracterizar a mucilagem da semente de chia para obter mais informações sobre suas propriedades tecnológicas e aplicá-la em biscoito salgado isento de glúten. Para a extração da mucilagem foi aplicado o método de extração aquosa, na concentração de 1:40 semente: água (m/m) durante 90 minutos, posterior filtração simples e secagem por 20 horas a 50ºC. Foram caracterizadas a semente inteira, a mucilagem e a torta resultante do processo de extração. Os resultados obtidos mostram que todos são adequados nutricionalmente para o consumo. A mucilagem apresentou um rendimento médio de 6% e os géis de mucilagem apresentaram valores de firmeza, coesão, elasticidade e gomosidade semelhantes aos da goma xantana, apresentando pouca pigmentação, o que a caracteriza a viabilidade do seu uso como espessante, melhorador de textura e qualidade nutricional em biscoitos isentos de glúten. Foram produzidas três formulações de biscoito, uma padrão (FP), uma adicionada de mucilagem (FM) e outra adicionada de goma xantana (FX), sendo mantido fixos os outros ingredientes na formulação. As analises de composição centesimal dos biscoitos indicaram que não houve diferença significativa entre a FP e a FM. Ao aplicar a mucilagem no biscoito salgado produzido com farinhas isentas de glúten, pode-se perceber que os efeitos obtidos em relação a textura foram em menor escala comparados aos da goma xantana. / Mucilage of chia seeds is a hydrocolloid and has been seen as an ingredient with potential for use in the food segment. The present study has as objective extract and characterize the mucilage from chia seeds in order to obtain more information about its technological properties and apply it on gluten-free biscuit. To extract the mucilage, the aqueous method was applied at the concentration of 1:40 seed: water (m / m) for 90 minutes, afterwards simple filtration and drying for 20 hours at 50 ° C. The results obtained show that all of three are nutritionally adequate for consumption. The mucilage show an average yield of 6% and the mucilage gels showed values of firmness, cohesion, elasticity and gumness similar to those of xanthan gum, showing little pigmentation, which characterizes the viability of its use as a thickener, texture enhancer and Nutritional quality in gluten-free biscuits. Three formulations of biscuit, one standard (FP), one added mucilage (FM) and one added xanthan gum (FX) were produced, the other ingredients being kept fixed in the formulation. The analyzes of the centesimal composition of the biscuits indicated that there was no significant difference between the FP and FM. When the mucilage was applyed in the salty biscuit produced with gluten-free flours, it can be seen that the effects obtained in relation to the texture were in a smaller scale compared to the xanthan gum.
44

Extração, caracterização e aplicação do biopolímero da planta Pereskia aculeata miller como auxiliar coagulante/floculante no processo de tratamento de água / Extraction, characterization and application of the plant biopolymer (Pereskia aculeata miller) as a coagulant/flocculating aid in the water treatment process

Lucca, Alexsandro 25 April 2017 (has links)
CNPq / No meio da ampla biodiversidade da flora brasileira, a ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) desperta especial interesse, pela alta quantidade de mucilagem em suas folhas. Plantas mucilaginosas são estudadas há algum tempo no processo de floculação/coagulação em tratamentos de água, com a intenção de, reduzir ou até mesmo suceder a utilização do sulfato de alumínio. A mucilagem é um biopolímero com grande capacidade de formar gel, soluções viscosas e estabilizar sistemas de emulsão. O presente trabalho teve como finalidade, avaliar o rendimento da mucilagem em processos de extração, caracterizar a mucilagem não clarificada, e clarificada e aplicar o biopolímero clarificado da P. aculeata, no processo de coagulação/floculação. Para tal as folhas foram secas em estufa até peso constante, foi feita a extração da mucilagem em solução aquosa por duas metodologias diferentes avaliando assim o rendimento, caracterização da morfologia por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e difratometria de raio X (DRX), composição estrutural por infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), determinação do pH potencial de carga zero e do comportamento térmico por análise termogravimétrica (TG/DSC). Para a avaliação de coagulação e floculação, o biopolímero foi avaliado em água do Rio Pato Branco por ensaios em Jar Test avaliando a eficiência da remoção de turbidez, remoção de substâncias húmicas, e aromáticas. A extração da mucilagem foi avaliada no rendimento da produção, em que a extração a 95 ºC (30 min) apresentou rendimento três vezes maior que a extração a 60 ºC (6 horas). A caracterização morfológica exibiu uma estrutura amorfa, esponjosa e com adesão de partículas menores à superfície das partículas maiores, indicando um material higroscópico que pode ser usado como coagulante, sendo semelhante a outras mucilagens pesquisadas, em aspectos de grupos funcionais e de comportamento térmico. A P. aculeata se confirmou como auxiliar no processo de coagulação/floculação em relação aos parâmetros e faixas estudadas, sendo mais eficaz em conjunto com o sulfato de alumínio. Como é uma planta de fácil cultivo, atóxica e com custo relativamente baixo para a extração do seu biopolímero é uma alternativa promissora no tratamento de água e efluentes diminuindo a utilização do sulfato de alumínio no processo de floculação/coagulação. / In the midst of the wide biodiversity of Brazilian flora, the ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) arouses special interest because of the high amount of mucilage in its leaves. Mucilage plants have been studied for some time in the flocculation / coagulation process in water treatments, with the intention of reducing or even succeeding the use of aluminum sulphate. Mucilage is a biopolymer with great gelforming, viscous solutions and stabilizing emulsion systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the yield of the mucilage in extraction processes, to characterize the clarified and clarified mucilage and to apply the clarified biopolymer of P. aculeata in the coagulation / flocculation process. For this, the leaves were oven dried to constant weight, the mucilage was extracted in aqueous solution by two different methodologies, evaluating the yield, characterization of the morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) (FT-IR), determination of potential zero charge pH and thermal behavior by thermogravimetric analysis (TG / DSC). For the evaluation of coagulation and flocculation, the biopolymer was evaluated in water of the Pato Branco River by tests in Jar Test evaluating the efficiency of the removal of turbidity, removal of humic and aromatic substances. The extraction of the mucilage was evaluated in the yield of the production, in which the extraction at 95 ºC (30 min) yielded a three times higher yield than the extraction at 60 ºC (6 hours). The morphological characterization showed an amorphous structure, spongy and with adhesion of smaller particles to the surface of larger particles, indicating a hygroscopic material that can be used as a coagulant, being similar to other mucilages studied, in aspects of functional groups and thermal behavior. P. aculeata was confirmed as an aid in the coagulation / flocculation process in relation to the parameters and ranges studied, being more effective in conjunction with aluminum sulphate. As it is an easy-to-grow, non-toxic plant with relatively low cost for the extraction of its biopolymer, it is a promising alternative in the treatment of water and effluents by reducing the use of aluminum sulphate in the flocculation / coagulation process.
45

Desenvolvimento de sistema de liberação modificada utilizando a mucilagem da semente de Linum usitatissimum L. (LINHAÇA)

Rocha, Mariana Souza 07 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia (bff@ndc.uff.br) on 2018-03-07T14:49:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIANA SOUZA ROCHA.pdf: 3905042 bytes, checksum: 6be4214c8a5cfbb4954b745d9aa9973f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T14:49:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIANA SOUZA ROCHA.pdf: 3905042 bytes, checksum: 6be4214c8a5cfbb4954b745d9aa9973f (MD5) / Na busca de melhorias das propriedades farmacocinética e farmacodinâmica, com propósito de minimizar efeitos adversos e melhorar a eficácia do tratamento, a tecnologia farmacêutica avança na procura por aperfeiçoamento no desenvolvimento de sistemas de liberação modificada de medicamentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver sistemas matriciais utilizando os polímeros hidrofílicos naturais extraídos da semente de Linum usitatissimum L. (Linhaça) com a finalidade de avaliar o potencial destes no controle de liberação do fármaco. Foi também avaliado o processo de extração da mucilagem. A análise por meio da Metodologia de Superfície e Resposta forneceu os pontos ótimos de extração para se obter o máximo de mucilagem extraída e o máximo de rendimento de extração de todas as substâncias solúveis da linhaça. Para estudar as melhores condições para se obter um equilíbrio entre esses objetivos conflitantes e explorar as opções disponíveis foi utilizado o método de interseção normal à fronteira também chamado de Normal Boundary Intersection (NBI). Com este foram encontradas as soluções Pareto ótimas uniformemente distribuídas e contínuas para o problema multiobjetivo não-linear. Através da caracterização por análise termogravimétrica (TGA) e espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (IV- TF) foi verificado que a extração dos polímeros da linhaça no meio básico (pH 9,6) apresentou melhores características em relação a estabilidade térmica e grau de pureza quando comparado com a mucilagem adquirida no ponto ótimo (pH de 3,81) obtido pela MSR. A diferença em percentual de peso entre as duas extrações difere em apenas 5 %. A avaliação do potencial dos polímeros naturais no controle de liberação do fármaco foi realizada através do ensaio de dissolução. Este foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar os perfis de liberação do Ibuprofeno a partir de comprimidos contendo a mucilagem da linhaça (C-M), polímeros naturais, HPMC (C-HPMC), polímeros semi- sintéticos e comprimidos sem matriz polimérica (C-SP). As três formulações apresentaram um peso médio dentro do limite de variação permitido de 350 mg ± 5 % com baixo valor de DPR, friabilidade igual a zero e dureza com valores de aproximadamente 85 N que garante a resistência das unidades. O teor de Ibuprofeno nas três formulações de comprimido apresentou-se dentro da especificação farmacopéica (90- 110 %). Os resultados de comparação por ED e valores de f1 e f2 indicarem perfis de liberação semelhantes entre os comprimidos contendo mucilagem e HPMC. Entretanto a análise dos modelos matemáticos sugere que os mecanismos de liberação do ibuprofeno das formulações são diferentes. O comprimido contendo mucilagem apresentou uma liberação não- Fickiana com cinética de ordem zero. Já o contendo HPMC apresentou um modelo de pseudo- ordem zero, com uma liberação não- Fickiana e o de liberação imediata apresentou uma liberação Fickiana com um modelo matemático de Hixson- Crowell. Estudos sobre poder de intumescimento do polímero e resistência do gel são perspectivas para continuidade do estudo para compreensão dos mecanismos de liberação / In pursuit of improvements in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, in order to minimize adverse effects and improve treatment efficacy, the pharmaceutical technology is advancing in the search for improvement in the development of modified drug delivery systems. The objective of this work was to develop matrix systems using the natural hydrophilic polymers extracted from the Linum usitatissimum L. (Linseed) seed in order to evaluate their potential in the control of drug release. The process of extracting the mucilage was also evaluated. The analysis by means of the Surface and Response Methodology provided the optimum extraction points to obtain the maximum extracted mucilage and maximum extraction yield of all the soluble substances of the flaxseed. To study the best conditions to achieve a balance between these conflicting objectives and to explore the available options, the normal boundary intersection method (NBI) was also used. With this, the Pareto solutions were uniformly distributed and continuous for the non-linear multiobjective problem. Through the characterization by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and spectroscopy in the infrared region with Fourier transform (IV-TF), it was verified that the extraction of flax polymers in the basic medium (pH 9,6) presented better characteristics in relation to the thermal stability And degree of purity when compared to the obtained mucilage at the optimum point (pH 3.81) obtained by MSR. The difference in weight percentage between the two extractions differs by only 5 %. The evaluation of the potential of the natural polymers in the control of drug release was performed through the dissolution test. The aim of this study was to compare the release profiles of Ibuprofen from tablets containing flax mucilage (CM), natural polymers, HPMC (C-HPMC), semi- synthetic polymers and tablets without polymer matrix (C-SP ). The three formulations had a mean weight within the allowed range of 350 mg ± 5 % with low DPR value, friability equal to zero and hardness with values of approximately 85N that guarantees the strength of the units. The Ibuprofen content in the three tablet formulations was within the pharmacopoeial specification (90- 110 %). The comparison results by ED and values of f1 and f2 indicate similar release profiles between the mucilage containing tablets and HPMC. However, the analysis of the mathematical models suggests that the mechanisms of release of the ibuprofen of the formulations are different. The mucilage-containing tablet showed a non- Fickian release with zero order kinetics. The HPMC-containing model presented a zero-order pseudo-order model with a non- Fickian release and the immediate release model presented a Fickian release with a Hixson- Crowell mathematical model. Studies on polymer swelling power and gel strength are prospects for continuity of the study for understanding the release mechanisms
46

IMPROVEMENT OF FUNCTIONAL AND BIOACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CHIA SEED (SALVIA HISPANICA) PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE FILMS USING CHIA SEED MUCILAGE

Uriel C Urbizo Reyes (7909295) 14 January 2021 (has links)
<div> <p>Chia seed (<i>Salvia hispanica</i>) has shown potential as an alternative source of nutrients with a high content of fiber (36 %), protein (25%), and fat (25%). Unfortunately, the presence of a viscous biopolymer (mucilage), surrounding the chia seed (CS), limits the accessibility of the protein and other nutrients. Nevertheless, this biopolymer’s chemical composition makes it suitable for the development of biodegradable films. Regarding CS protein, disulfide bonding, and nonprotein-protein interactions often frequent in plant protein, have limited its technological application in food matrices. Therefore, scientists have pointed at processing methods involving enzymatic proteolysis to improve the functionality of plant protein ingredients. The objective of this study was to establish processing techniques to exploit the functionality, extraction, and health benefits of chia seed components. First, ultrasonication followed by vacuum-filtration was used to separate mucilage from CS prior to fat extraction by oil press. Mucilage-free and defatted CS were treated using conventional (enzymatic hydrolysis with alcalase) or sequential (enzymatic hydrolysis with alcalase+flavourzyme), and under water bath or microwave-assisted hydrolysis. Chia seed protein hydrolysates (CSPH) derived from the sequential hydrolysis with microwave treatment showed superior (p<0.05) in vitro antioxidant activity. The highest (p<0.05) cellular antioxidant activity was achieved by the sequential (94.76%) and conventional (93.13%) hydrolysis with microwave. Dipeptidyl peptidase-V inhibition was higher (p<0.05) for sequential hydrolysis with water bath, while Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity increased (p<0.05) with hydrolysis for all treatments compared to the control. Regarding functionality, sequential hydrolysis with microwave showed higher (p<0.05) solubility at lower pH (3 and 5), while conventional hydrolysis with microwave was better at pH 7 and 9. Emulsification properties and foaming capacity were also higher in conventional hydrolysis with microwave, but conventional hydrolysis with water bath was more stable for foaming properties only. In terms of mucilage applicability, biodegradable films were developed by casting technique where CS mucilage was plasticized with different polyol mixtures (sorbitol and glycerol). CS mucilage films with higher sorbitol content showed superior tensile strength (3.23 N/mm<sup>2</sup>), and lower water vapor permeability (1.3*109 g/ m*s*Pa) but had poor flexibility compared to other treatments. Conversely, films with high glycerol content showed high elongation at break (67.55%) and solubility (22.75%), but reduced water vapor permeability and tensile strength. The hydrophobicity, measured as water contact angle, was higher (p<0.05) for mixtures containing equal amounts of polyols. Lastly, Raman Spectroscopy analysis showed shifts from 854 to 872 cm<sup>-1</sup> and 1061 to 1076 cm<sup>-1</sup>, which corresponded to β(CCO) modes. These shifts represent an increase in hydrogen bonding, responsible for the high tensile strength and decreased water vapor permeability. This study demonstrated that ultrasonication followed by vacuum filtration can successfully separate mucilage from chia seeds; microwave-assisted and enzymatic hydrolysis generated protein hydrolysates with improved bioactivity and functionality. Finally, chia seed mucilage was able to form films with potential to be used in drug delivery and edible food coating applications.</p> </div> <br>
47

Quorum sensing in Sinorhizobium meliloti and effect of plant signals on bacterial quorum sensing

Teplitski, Max I. 11 September 2002 (has links)
No description available.
48

Le Root Extracellular Trap (RET), un réseau au coeur de la défense racinaire : caractérisation moléculaire et fonctionnelle chez deux légumineuses, Glycine max (Merr.) L. et Pisum sativum (L.) / The Root Extracellular Trap, a Network at the Heart of Root Defense : Molecular and Functional Characterization in Two Leguminous Species, Glycine Max (Merr.) L. and Pisum Sativum L.

Ropitaux, Marc 30 November 2018 (has links)
Chez les plantes, le RET (Root Extracellular Trap) est une structure cellulo-moléculaire jouant un rôle central dans la défense racinaire face aux stress abiotiques et biotiques. De nombreuses similitudes de composition ont été observées entre le RET et le NET (Neutrophil Extracellular Trap) du système immunitaire des mammifères, connu pour capturer et tuer certains microorganismes bactériens et fongiques. Le RET est composé de cellules frontières et de leurs sécrétions (composés de haut et de bas poids moléculaire) comprenant des polysaccharides de la paroi cellulaire, des protéoglycannes et des métabolites secondaires. Il contient également des protéines antimicrobiennes et de l'ADN extracellulaire, tout comme le NET. Dans le cadre de mon projet de thèse, nous avons caractérisé la composition moléculaire et la structuration de cette entité de défense chez deux légumineuses, le soja (Glycine max (Merr) L.) et le pois (Pisum sativum L.), par des approches d’imagerie cellulaire photonique et électronique. Nous avons également étudié l’impact du RET du soja sur des pathogènes telluriques, à savoir Phytophthora parasitica et Aphanomyces euteiches. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence la présence de différents morphotypes de cellules frontières et de mucilage au sein du RET de soja et de pois. Pour la première fois, nous avons montré la présence d’hétéromannanes, de xyloglucane et de cellulose dans le RET, formant une ossature stabilisant le mucilage et reliant les cellules frontières entre elles. Ces polysaccharides structuraux semblent être essentiels à l’intégrité structurale et fonctionnelle du RET. Enfin, nos résultats ont montré que le RET de soja était impliqué dans la défense précoce de la racine contre P. parasitica. Cette étude apporte de nouvelles connaissances relatives à la composition moléculaire et la structure du RET, nous amenant ainsi à comparer le RET à d’autres modèles que le NET des mammifères, tels que les biofilms bactériens et les mucilages de graines. En effet, de nombreuses similitudes existent entre ces différents complexes en termes de composition et de fonctionnement, qui méritent d’être explorer plus en détail dans l’avenir. / In higher plants, the RET (Root Extracellular Trap) is a complex made up of border cells and secretions, released by root tips and believed to play a central role in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. This structure is quite similar to the Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) known as one of the first lines of defense in mammals, able to trap and kill microbial pathogens. RET secretions consist of high and low-molecular weight compounds including cell wall polysaccharides, proteoglycans and secondary metabolites. They also contain a variety of anti-microbial proteins and extracellular DNA much like the NET. During my thesis work, we investigated the release and morphology of root border cells in soybean (Glycine max (Merr) L.) using light and scanning electron microscopy. The molecular composition of the mucilage was also investigated using immunocytochemistry, anti-cell wall glycan antibodies and confocal microscopy. Immunocytochemistry was also applied to pea (Pisum sativum L.) border cells and secretions to examine the occurrence of specific polysaccharides. We also studied the impact of soybean RET on the soilborne pathogens, Phytophthora parasitica and Aphanomyces euteiches. Our findings showed that root tips of soybean released three border cell morphotypes all of which secreted substantial amounts of mucilage. Immunocytochemical data showed that mucilage was enriched in pectin and the two hemicellulosic polysaccharides xyloglucan and heteromannan. Mucilage also contained cellulose, histone and extracellular DNA. Interestingly, the structural polysaccharides formed a fibrous network surrounding the cells and holding them together, supporting their role in maintaining mucilage architecture and integrity. In addition, we found that xyloglucan and cellulose were also secreted into the mucilage of pea, connecting border cells together. Finally, our findings revealed that RET prevented P. parasitica zoospores from colonizing soybean root tip, by stopping their penetration and inducing their death. Overall the study revealed novel insights into the composition, structure and function of plant RETs. Currently, the RET is much less studied than its mammal counterpart, the NET, but structural and functional similarities exist between these two traps. Interestingly, similarities do also exist between the RET and other important biological complexes, including bacterial biofilms and seed mucilage, that deserve to be further investigated and compared in the context of immunity.
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Morfoanatomia dos órgãos reprodutivos e da plântula de Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw. (Cactaceae) /

Almeida, Odair José Garcia de. January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: Adelita Aparecida Sartori Paoli / Banca: Luiz Antonio de Souza / Banca: Ismar Sebastião Moscheta / Resumo: Cactaceae distribui-se pelo continente americano, do sul e oeste do Canadá até o sul da Patagônia na Argentina e Chile. A família está inserida em Caryophyllales e possui cerca de 1.500 espécies. Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw. é epífita obrigatória muito difundida na América do Sul, sendo a única espécie brasileira nativa de Epiphyllum Haw. A biologia reprodutiva em Cactaceae foi estudada em menos de 10% das espécies que a constituem e, esta limitada quantidade de dados, impede melhor entendimento dos mecanismos reprodutivos na família. Objetivou-se a realização de estudo morfológico e anatômico dos órgãos reprodutivos e da plântula de E. phyllanthus, através de: (i) análise morfoanatômica da flor; (ii) morfoanatomia e ontogenia do pericarpo e da semente e (iii) morfoanatomia da plântula. A flor é séssil, epígina com hipanto desenvolvido. Todos os verticilos florais apresentam epiderme unisseriada, glabra e estomatífera. O gineceu é sincárpico, com 9-10 carpelos, pluriovulado, de placentação parietal. O ovário possui feixes vasculares invertidos. A flor apresenta região nectarífera na face interna do hipanto. O óvulo é circinótropo, bitegumentado, crassinucelado, de funículo longo. O hipanto é de natureza receptacular. O fruto é do tipo cactídio de coloração róseo-roxo brilhante, superfície lisa e acumula concentração elevada de amido no pericarpo e na polpa, quando maduro. As sementes são campilótropas, pretas e de formato ovóide. A superfície externa ventral exibe relevo diferenciado, a região hilo-micropilar, de coloração esbranquiçada, onde ocorre arilo. O embrião é curvo com reserva lipoprotéica. Perisperma e endosperma persistem na semente madura, sem substâncias de reserva. A plântula é fanerocotiledonar e apresenta germinação epígea. Durante a germinação há hidratação e expansão de mucilagem na semente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Cactaceae family is widely distributed in the American continents, from the south and west of Canada to the south of Patagonia (Argentina and Chile). It is included in Caryophyllales and has approximately 1,500 species. Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw. exhibits an obligatory epiphytic habit and is widespread in South America. Additionally, it is the only Epiphyllum Haw. species that is indigenous to Brazil. Studies concerning the reproductive biology of Cactaceae have been conducted in no more than 10 percent of the taxa, and such a limited amount of data precludes the suitable comprehension of the reproductive mechanisms in the family. The present work was aimed at providing a morphoanatomical description of the reproductive organs and seedlings of Epiphyllum phyllanthus by means of (i) flower morphoanatomical analysis; (ii) morphoanatomical and ontogenic studies of the pericarp and seed, and (iii) morphoanatomical analysis of seedling in developing. It was observed that the sessile and epigynous flower exhibit a well-developed hypanthium. All the flower whorls has uniseriate epidermis. The syncarpous and pluriovulate gynoecium exhibit 9-10 carpels and parietal placentation. The ovary has inverted bundles and the flower showed the nectariferous region on the inner surface of the hypanthium. The ovule is circinotropous, bitegmic, crassinucelate, and has a long funiculus. The hypanthium exhibit receptacular origin. The bright pinkish-purplish "cactidio-type" fruit has a smooth surface and, when it is ripe, exhibits a high concentration of starch in the pericarp and pulp. The seed is campylotropous, black and ovoid. Its ventral outer surface presents a differentiated relief that is the whitish hilum-micropylar region, in which the aril occurs. The curved embryo contains lipoprotein reserves. Perisperm and endosperm persist in the mature seed without reserve substances... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
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Morfoanatomia dos órgãos reprodutivos e da plântula de Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw. (Cactaceae)

Almeida, Odair José Garcia de [UNESP] 19 February 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:28:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_ojg_me_rcla.pdf: 2506622 bytes, checksum: 9d9c114a31bacd63b72f96f10218d1e2 (MD5) / Cactaceae distribui-se pelo continente americano, do sul e oeste do Canadá até o sul da Patagônia na Argentina e Chile. A família está inserida em Caryophyllales e possui cerca de 1.500 espécies. Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw. é epífita obrigatória muito difundida na América do Sul, sendo a única espécie brasileira nativa de Epiphyllum Haw. A biologia reprodutiva em Cactaceae foi estudada em menos de 10% das espécies que a constituem e, esta limitada quantidade de dados, impede melhor entendimento dos mecanismos reprodutivos na família. Objetivou-se a realização de estudo morfológico e anatômico dos órgãos reprodutivos e da plântula de E. phyllanthus, através de: (i) análise morfoanatômica da flor; (ii) morfoanatomia e ontogenia do pericarpo e da semente e (iii) morfoanatomia da plântula. A flor é séssil, epígina com hipanto desenvolvido. Todos os verticilos florais apresentam epiderme unisseriada, glabra e estomatífera. O gineceu é sincárpico, com 9-10 carpelos, pluriovulado, de placentação parietal. O ovário possui feixes vasculares invertidos. A flor apresenta região nectarífera na face interna do hipanto. O óvulo é circinótropo, bitegumentado, crassinucelado, de funículo longo. O hipanto é de natureza receptacular. O fruto é do tipo cactídio de coloração róseo-roxo brilhante, superfície lisa e acumula concentração elevada de amido no pericarpo e na polpa, quando maduro. As sementes são campilótropas, pretas e de formato ovóide. A superfície externa ventral exibe relevo diferenciado, a região hilo-micropilar, de coloração esbranquiçada, onde ocorre arilo. O embrião é curvo com reserva lipoprotéica. Perisperma e endosperma persistem na semente madura, sem substâncias de reserva. A plântula é fanerocotiledonar e apresenta germinação epígea. Durante a germinação há hidratação e expansão de mucilagem na semente... / The Cactaceae family is widely distributed in the American continents, from the south and west of Canada to the south of Patagonia (Argentina and Chile). It is included in Caryophyllales and has approximately 1,500 species. Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw. exhibits an obligatory epiphytic habit and is widespread in South America. Additionally, it is the only Epiphyllum Haw. species that is indigenous to Brazil. Studies concerning the reproductive biology of Cactaceae have been conducted in no more than 10 percent of the taxa, and such a limited amount of data precludes the suitable comprehension of the reproductive mechanisms in the family. The present work was aimed at providing a morphoanatomical description of the reproductive organs and seedlings of Epiphyllum phyllanthus by means of (i) flower morphoanatomical analysis; (ii) morphoanatomical and ontogenic studies of the pericarp and seed, and (iii) morphoanatomical analysis of seedling in developing. It was observed that the sessile and epigynous flower exhibit a well-developed hypanthium. All the flower whorls has uniseriate epidermis. The syncarpous and pluriovulate gynoecium exhibit 9-10 carpels and parietal placentation. The ovary has inverted bundles and the flower showed the nectariferous region on the inner surface of the hypanthium. The ovule is circinotropous, bitegmic, crassinucelate, and has a long funiculus. The hypanthium exhibit receptacular origin. The bright pinkish-purplish “cactidio-type” fruit has a smooth surface and, when it is ripe, exhibits a high concentration of starch in the pericarp and pulp. The seed is campylotropous, black and ovoid. Its ventral outer surface presents a differentiated relief that is the whitish hilum-micropylar region, in which the aril occurs. The curved embryo contains lipoprotein reserves. Perisperm and endosperm persist in the mature seed without reserve substances... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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